DESIGNING A BETTER ACADEMIC

REPORT
GROUP N°06
GRADE 12
CLASS B
GROUP ELEMENTS

 Albano Cipriano Manuel -N°02

 Bengui Bernardo -N°06
 Ivo Issenguel Gonga -N°20
 Joaquim Fernandes -N°22
 Leonardo Adriano -N°23
 Lino Lima Diogo -N°24
 Osvaldo Hilario -N°32
INTRODUCTION

 Variety is the Spice of Life!

 Different Schools… ….Different Rules
 We Always have to check in our module handbooks or
with our tutor if we’re concerned about appropriacy
 Academic reports are used to present and discuss the results
of an experiment, survey, or other research method. These
reports often require a specific layout and the inclusion of a
certain set of sections. Below, we describe the most often-
used sections in an academic report in the order in which
they generally appear.
 Before we begin, note that when writing an academic
report, you must always follow the guidelines for formal
academic writing, including citing trustworthy sources and
using correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
What Are Academic Reports?

 An academic report is a piece of writing

produced for class that uses a formal style to
convey information learned through reading and
experimentation.
 Academic reports are a required part of many
fields of study, including chemistry, physics,
biology, sociology and even humanities like
political science.
What differentiates an academic report from
an essay ?
 academic report focuses on presenting
information obtained from research and reading
rather than discussing opinions of other writers.
Essentially, academic reports are more empirical.
Academic reports in various subjects share
standard formatting guidelines.
 For example, all reports in the sciences must include
certain subheadings. These subheadings correspond to
the scientific method, and their inclusion makes the
replication of experiments easier for other scientists
during the process of peer review.
 Unlike essays, academic reports can and should use
different visual forms, such as graphs and tables. A
report doesn't need to use a bibliography if it doesn’t
refer to other texts for information. However, as a
student, it's better to include background research
because in most cases, you're not yet an expert in the
field.
academic report sections
Academic Report Usual Sections

 1. Introduction
 2. Literature Review/Background
 3. Methods
 4. Results
 5. Discussion
 6. Conclusion
1.Introduction

 In the introduction to your academic report, you present

the research topic or question and explain why you
chose to study that topic. You may also present a
general overview of the work you did and your
findings, expanding on these points further in the main
body of the text. At the end of the introduction, you
may want to present a brief summary of the way in
which the rest of the report is organized.
2.Literature Review/Background

 In this section, you will briefly summarize work on this

topic that other researchers have conducted, including
their findings. You can also provide any background
information on the topic that your readers should have
before you present your own work. Remember that your
reader is interested in your work, not the work of
others. It isn’t necessary to go into excessive detail
regarding other studies, especially if they aren’t relevant
to your work. Focus on summarizing work that relates
in some way to the work you have performed.
3.Methods

 The methods section is where you describe the steps you

took in your research. For example, you can describe the
methodology you used to build your study, the sampling
method you used to obtain survey participants, and the
steps you took in a scientific experiment. Make sure to
describe all your steps in detail using the past tense
(since you’re describing something that already
happened, not something that will happen).
4.Results

 In this section, you will describe the results of your

study. For example, you will provide information such
as survey participants’ answers, medical test results, data
from scientific experiments, and any statistical analysis
results. You may find it helpful to use figures and tables
to present these results in an easy-to-read format.
However, note that if you present data in a table or
figure, it is not necessary to also provide all the same
data in the text. If you use tables or figures, only discuss
particularly important findings in the text.
5.Discussion

 In this section, you will discuss the implications of your

findings, explaining them and relating them to the
previous research presented in your literature review.
You will interpret your findings and describe how these
findings answer (or don’t answer) your research
questions. You should also describe any limitations of
your work, such as sample size or missing data, and
discuss how you could resolve those issues in future
work.
6.Conclusion

 The conclusion is where you summarize your main

work and findings as well as the implications of your
work. You should not introduce any new material in this
section. You should also provide recommendations
based on your findings and discuss any future research
needed.
Conclusion

 Although there are different types of reports, in general,

an academic report is a piece of informative writing, an
act of communication and an account of an investigation
(Reid, 2012).
 An academic report aims to sell a product, idea or points
of view (Van Emden and Easteal, 1995). It should
inform, explain and persuade (Williams, 1995) by using
well-organised research. Sometimes it will provide
recommendations.