THE ACTION RESEARCH:
Review of Related Literature / Conceptual Framework /
WALKTHROUGH
ACTION RESEARCH - To equip or enhance
students’ research skills to help them make
informed decisions.
Results-oriented, focus on analysis and
recommendations, Purpose is to provide
solutions to existing problems; “Applied”
research, Extra Feature: ACTION PLAN
UNIVERSITY THESIS – Process-oriented,
Focus on RRL, methods, and analysis.
Purpose is to “Contribute to the body of
knowledge: basic’ research”
PARTS OF AN ACTION RESEARCH (P-B-A)
PRELIMINARY PAGES - The opening pages of
your AR which contains the title, disclaimer,
the abstract of the paper, acknowledgements,
and table of contents.
BODY - The main meat of your paper, it
contains the body of the research from the
background up to the recommendations and
action plan (Chapters I-V).
Annexes - Contains the works/sources
cited in your paper, these auxiliary pages also
include the appendices of your paper.
CHAPTER 1 – PROBLEM AND CONTEXT
Background / Problem Statement /Purpose
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 Contextual basis
 Environmental scan
 Look outside in and inside out
PROBLEM STATEMENT
 One main (broad) research question,
three sub-questions
 Short and concise
 Logical
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
 What needs to be done in order to
provide a solution to your research
question
 Overall and specific
 Follows the logic of your research
questions
NEVER FORGETTI BUMAGSAK SA DIAGNOSTIC PFT ANG TOP 40
A CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW
Definition of terms
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
 Should follow the logical structure of
your research questions
 Thematic, not necessarily chronological
 Helps you define your variables
 Synthesis will emphasize how different
is your study and it bridges your
Chapter 1 through Chapter 3
THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 Concepts placed in a logical and
sequential design
 Used to clarify concepts and propose
relationships between variables,
ultimately to provide a context for
interpreting study findings
 Commonly used for studies in which
existing theory is inapplicable or
insufficient
 4 TYPES: CONCEPTUAL, IPO, LINEAR
CONTINUUM, SYSTEM LOOPS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Conceptual (lexical) vs operational
definition
 Do NOT use dictionary definitions
 Include all variables and concepts
involved in your conceptual framework
CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY
Research Design / Data Collection Procedures /
Sampling Design / Instruments / Tools of Analysis
RESEARCH DESIGN
 Description and justification of the
methods to be employed
 A blueprint of the activities to take in
order to answer the research questions
TYPES OF RESEARCH (E-D-E)
 Exploratory
 Descriptive
 Explanatory
POPULAR DESIGNS (F-S-C-F)
 Field surveys
 Secondary data analysis
 Case research
 Focus group research
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES
 How the data will be or were gathered DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
 Explain the data collection process:  Explaining the meanings of the result of
who (will) gather/ed the data, what data the described data
were/will be collected, problems  List down the implications of findings
encountered, etc.

SAMPLING DESIGN CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION,

Discuss the reason for choosing the sampling RECOMMENDATION & IMPLEMENTATION
design. Conclusion / Recommendation / Action Plan

 Probability Sampling CONCLUSION/S

o Simple Random Sampling
o Systematic Sampling
o Stratified Sampling
 Non-Probability Sampling
o Convenience Sampling
o Quota Sampling
o Purposive Sampling
INSTRUMENTS
Include all instruments used
gathering
 Survey
 Interview
 Focus Group Discussion
TOOLS OF ANALYSIS (S-W-P-F-S-C-B)
 SLOVIN’S FORMULA (IF
SURVEY)
 WEIGHTED MEAN
 PERCENTAGE METHOD
 In this section, there should be no new
data to be introduced
 Generalize your findings in relation to
the purpose/objectives
RECOMMENDATION/S
 The most important part of Chapter 5;
answers the ‘so what is/are the
answers/solutions?’ question
 This part highlights the best course/s
for data of action which will determine your
plan (Action Plan)
IMPLEMENTATION/ACTION PLAN
Should show concrete steps to be undertaken,
units/offices and personnel involved,
milestones, deliverables, timeline, and
USING expenditures.
REFERENCING:
 APA 7th Edition
 Using MS Word Referencing System
 Using Zotero

 FOUR POINT LIKERT SCALE

(SURVEY)

 SWOT ANALYSIS

 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

 BENCHMARKING

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION OF
FINDINGS/DISCUSSION
Findings / Discussions or Analysis

FINDINGS
 Presentation of gathered data
 Utilize graphical or tabular
representations such as charts, graphs,
tables, and figures for easier reading

NEVER FORGETTI BUMAGSAK SA DIAGNOSTIC PFT ANG TOP 40