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Speed Control of DC Motor

Technical Report · May 2019

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Ahmed M. T. Ibraheem Al-Naib

Northern Technical University
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Ahmed M. T. Ibraheem Alnaib, Lecturer.
Dep. of Electrical Power Technology Eng., Technical college / Mosul, Northern Technical University.

Experiment (1)
Speed Control of Separately Excited DC Motor
Objective:
To study the methods of controlling the speed of separately excited DC motor.
Theory:
We know that back e.m.f ( ) is produced by the generator action of the motor.
.
Let be the applied voltage and and Ra is the armature circuit current and resistance
respectively. Then

Since P Z & A are constants for a particular motor

Since Ia Ra drop is very small as compared to the applied voltage

From this formula it follows that the speed of a separately excited D.C. motor can be
regulated by:
1- Armature Control:
This method implies changing the voltage applied to the armature ( ) of the motor
without changing the voltage applied to its field. Therefore, the motor must be separately
excited to use armature voltage control.
, if applied voltage is constant
2- Field Control:
, if applied voltage is constant
The speed is inversely proportional to flux / per pole if the applied voltage is constant.
Then the speed can be decrease by increase the flux and vice versa. The flux of DC
motor can be changed by changing the field current ( ), with help of external field
resistance ( ).

, if applied voltage is constant

1
 Ahmed M. T. Ibraheem Alnaib, Lecturer.
Dep. of Electrical Power Technology Eng., Technical college / Mosul, Northern Technical University.

Procedure:
1- Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1: Circuit diagram of speed control of

separately excited DC motor

2- Switch on the constant DC power supply after checking connection by concerned teacher.
3- Fix the field current ( ) by external field resistor ( ) at rated value ( = 0.28).
4- Switch on the variable DC power supply and change the at steps as shown in table (1)
and record the speed readings.
Table (1): Speed control by varying

(A) (V) (A) (r.p.m.)

0.28 0
0.28 40
0.28 80
0.28 120
82.0 160
82.0 200
82.0 240

5- Fix the armature voltage at the rated voltage ( = 240V).

6- Change the field current ( ) (increase the field current ( ) in steps is in table (2) and
record the speed readings.
Table (2): Speed control by varying

(V) (A) (A) (r.p.m.)

240 0.28
240 0.30
240 0.32
240 0.34
240 0.36

7- Reduce the slowly, and then Switch off the supply and remove connections.
Report:
1- Plot the relationship between (N and ) with constant , then discuss the plot.
2- Plot the relationship between (N and ) with constant , then discuss the plot.
3- Calculate the back e.m.f of motor at each value of in table (1). ( )
4- Describe the behavior of motor at (rated and ).

2
Ahmed M. T. Ibraheem Alnaib, Lecturer.
Dep. of Electrical Power Technology Eng., Technical college / Mosul, Northern Technical University.

Experiment (2)
Speed Control of Shunt DC Motor
Objective:
To study the methods of controlling the speed of shunt DC motor.
Theory:
We know that back e.m.f ( ) is produced by the generator action of the motor.
.
Let be the applied voltage and and Ra is the armature circuit current and resistance
respectively. Then

Since P Z & A are constants for a particular motor

Since Ia Ra drop is very small as compared to the applied voltage

From this formula it follows that the speed of a shunt D.C. motor can be regulated by:
1. Armature Control:
This method implies changing the voltage applied to the armature ( ) of the motor
without changing the voltage applied to its field. Thus the armature terminal voltage is
adjusted by the external armature resistance ( ). Because voltage source cannot be
varied (should be constant, if it varied will cause to be varied also).
, if applied voltage is constant
2. Field Control:
, if applied voltage is constant
The speed is inversely proportional to flux / per pole if the applied voltage is constant.
Then the speed can be decrease by increase the flux and vice versa. The flux of DC
motor can be changed by changing the field current ( ), with help of external field
resistance ( ).

, if applied voltage is constant

3
 Ahmed M. T. Ibraheem Alnaib, Lecturer.
Dep. of Electrical Power Technology Eng., Technical college / Mosul, Northern Technical University.

Procedure:
1- Connect the circuit as shown in
Fig.1.

Fig. 1: Circuit diagram of speed control

of shunt DC motor

2- Switch on the supply after checking connection by concerned teacher.

2- Fix the field current ( ) by aid of external field resistor ( ) at rated value ( = 0.2).
3- Change the armature terminal voltage by changing the value of external armature
resistance ( ) at steps as shown in table (1) and record the speed readings.
Table (1): Speed control by varying

(A) (V) (A) (r.p.m.)

0.2 100
0.2 120
0.2 140
0.2 160
0.2 180
0.2 200
4- Fix the armature voltage at the rated voltage ( = 200V).
5- Change the field current ( ) by changing the value of external armature resistance ( )
(increase ) in steps is in table (2) and record the speed readings.
Table (2): Speed control by varying

(V) (A) (A) (r.p.m.)

200 0.2
200 0.24
200 0.28
200 0.32
200 0.36
200 0.38
6- Reduce the slowly, and then Switch off the supply and remove connections.
Report:
5- Plot the relationship between (N and ) with constant , then discuss the plot.
6- Plot the relationship between (N and ) with constant , then discuss the plot.
7- Calculate the back e.m.f of motor at each value of in table (1). ( )
4

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