ENGLISH MS. HUE- “For success, attitude is equally as important as ability.

TOPIC 14. INFINITIVE AND GERUND

(ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)

I. INFINITIVE
1. To-infinitive / Infinitive with to: Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”
* Động từ nguyên mẫu có to được dùng làm:
- Chủ ngữ của câu:
Ex: To become a famous singer is her dream.
- Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ:
Ex: What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand.
- Tân ngữ của động từ
Ex: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.
- Tân ngữ của tính từ
Ex: I’m pleased to see you.
* V + to-inf
- Sau các động từ: Agree , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want,
wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ),
remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten,…
- Trong các cấu trúc:
+ It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf
+ chỉ mục đích
+ bổ ngữ cho danh từ hoặc đại từ: S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf
I have some letters to write.
Is there anything to eat?
+ It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để ..
Ex: It is interesting to study English
+ S + be + adj + to-inf
Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter.
+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf
+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf
+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf
Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.
- Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how ,… (nhưng thường không dùng sau
why)
Ex: I don’t know what to say.
* Adj + to-inf:
- Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to thường được dùng sau một số tính từ diễn tả phản ứng hoặc cảm
xúc của con người
(un)able delighted proud glad
ashamed afraid eager surprised
anxious pleased amused easy
annoyed happy ready
* Note:
- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf

Topic 14 Infinitive and Gerund

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 ENGLISH MS. HUE- “For success, attitude is equally as important as ability.”

Ex: She allowed me to use her pen.

- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing
Ex: She didn’t allow smoking in her room.
- be allowed / permitted + to-inf
Ex: I was allowed to go out with my friends last night.

* Những động từ theo sau bởi TO-INFINITIVE:

decide to (quyết định) pretend to (giả vờ) would like to
hope to (hi vọng) expect to (mong chờ) be able to
want to mean to (muốn) be willing to ( sẵn sàng)
need to try to (cố gắng) be going to
ask to fail to (rớt) manage to ( xoay sở)
demand to (yêu cầu)… deserve to (xứng đáng) volunteer to
agree to (đồng ý) struggle to ( đấu tranh) appear to
consent to (đồng ý) offer to (cung cấp/ cống hiến) warn to
refuse to (từ chối) plan to (dự định) intend to
beg to (cầu xin) care to (quan tâm) swear to (thề)
claim to (đòi hỏi, thỉnh cầu) threaten to (đe dọa) promise to (hứa)
hestiate to (do dự) afford to (đủ khả năng) learn to ( học)
begin / start continue seem to
- like / love / prefer : dùng để diễn tả việc thích hoặc muốn làm 1 việc gì đó vào 1 thời
điểm cụ thể nào đó.
* Verb +O +To-infinitive:
Want s.o to encourage s.o to
Need s.o to remind s.o to
ask s.o to (hỏi , nhờ) invite s.o to
Would like s.o to permit s.o to
advise s.o to (khuyên) allow s.o to
tell s.o to (bảo) warn s.b to (cảnh báo)
request s.o to (yêu cầu); order s.o to (ra lệnh)
require s.o to (đòi hỏi) force s.o to
order s.o to (ra lệnh).
Ex: She advises me to leave here early.

2. Bare infinitive / Infinitive without to (V1): Động từ nguyên mẫu không “to”
Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng:
- Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, will, shall, could, would,…

Topic 14 Infinitive and Gerund

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 ENGLISH MS. HUE- “For success, attitude is equally as important as ability.”

- Sau các động từ: let, make, would rather, had better
Ex: They made him repeat the whole story.
- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O
+ V1 (chỉ sự hoàn tất của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra)
Ex: I saw her get off the bus.
- Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun
Ex: He usually helps his sister to do her homework.
He usually helps his sister do her homework.
He usually helps his sister with her homework.

II. GERUND (V-ing): Danh động từ

* Danh động từ có thể được dùng làm:
- Chủ từ của câu: Swimming is my favourite sport.
- Bổ ngữ của động từ: My hobby is collecting stamps.
- Tân ngữ của động từ: I enjoy traveling.
* V + V-ing
- Sau các động từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại),
finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận),
like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng),
mention, risk, delay (trì hoãn), ….
- Sau các cụm động từ: cant’ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu
được), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (không có ích lợi gì),
be busy, be worth (đáng giá)
- Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about …
- Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,…
Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room.
- S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing
Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise.

* Những động từ theo sau bởi GERUND:

admit (thừa nhận) suggest (đề nghị) risk : liều lĩnh

avoid (tránh) give up (bỏ) recollect (hồi tưởng lại)

appreciate (đánh giá cao) hate (ghét) regret (hối tiếc ,ân hận)
consider (cho là ,xem là) imagine = fancy (tưởng tượng ) resist ( ghịu được, chống
lại)
continue keep : tiếp tục save
deny (phủ nhận) mention (đề cập ,nói đến) start / begin
delay (trì hoãn) mind (phản đối,phiền) support (ủng hộ)
detest = dislike : ko thích mean (invole) understand

Topic 14 Infinitive and Gerund

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ENGLISH MS. HUE- “For success, attitude is equally as important as ability.”

discuss (talk about) miss (nhớ /bỏ lỡ) spend

dread: sợ) prefer (thích hơn)

enjoy (thưởng thức) prevent (ngăn)

Topic 14 Infinitive and Gerund

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escape (trốn thoát postpone = put off (trì hoãn)

finish (hoàn thành) quit: từ bỏ
forgive recall (gợi lại,nhớ lại)
like / love / hate / enjoy / dislike + V-ing : sở thích

* Những thành ngữ với “go +V-ing”:

Go camping (đi cắm trại) go shopping (đi mua sắm) go swimming
Go dancing (đi khiêu vũ) go fishing (đi câu cá) go sightseeing

* Preposition +gerund(giới từ +gerund):

Be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for
(xin lỗi về)
Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of
(thay vì)
Be accustomed to look forward to ( mong đợi ) be familiar
with
be / get used to quen /thích nghi với
* Những thành ngữ với gerund (expressions +gerund):
- can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được)
- it is no good / it is no use (vô ích / không có ích)
- there’s no point in …
- What’s the point of…
- would you mind + V-ing ? (xin ông làm ơn…)
- do you mind + V-ing ? (bạn có phiền không…)
- have trouble (lo lắng, phiền muộn)
- there is no… (không còn cách)
- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen / thích nghi với…
- Have a good time: vui vẻ
- Have a hard time = have difficulty : gặp khó khăn
- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing : thích làm việc gì hơn việc gì khác
* Adjectives + gerund: Be busy + V-ing (bận rộn)
be worth + V-ing (đáng ,xứng đáng)

III. INFINITIVE OR GERUND

1. Không thay đổi nghĩa:
- begin / start / continue/ like / love + to-inf / V-ing
Ex: It started to rain / raining.
2. Thay đổi nghĩa:
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+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi
(trong quá khứ)
+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, sắp xảy ra
(trong tương lai)
Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.
I remember meetingyou some where but I can’t know your name.
Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday.
+ stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc gì
+ stop + to-inf: dừng ….. để …
Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health.
On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper.
+ try + V-ing: thử
+ try + to-inf: cố gắng
+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)
+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)
Ex: I need to wash my car.
My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed.
+ Cấu trúc nhờ vả:
S + have + O người + V1 + O vật ...
S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) ...
S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)

EXERCISE:
Exercise 1: Chia động từ ở trong ngoặc

1. I can’t imagine Peter _____ (go) by bike.

2. He agreed _____ (buy) a new car.
3. The question is easy _____ (answer).
4. The man asked me how _____ (get) to the airport.
5. I look forward to _____ (see) you at the weekend.
6. Are you thinking of _____ (visit) London?
7. We decided _____ (run) through the forest.
8. The teacher expected Sarah _____ (study) hard.
9. She doesn’t mind _____ (work) the night shift.
10. I learned _____ (ride) the bike at the age of 5.

Exercise 2: Chia động từ ở trong ngoặc

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1. We decided _____ (buy) a new car.

2. They’ve got some work _____ (do).
3. Peter gave up _____ (smoke) .
4. He’d like _____ (fly) an aeroplane.
5. I enjoy _____ (write) picture postcards.
6. Do you know what _____ (do) if there’s a fire in the shop?
7. Avoid _____ (make) silly mistakes.
8. My parents wanted me _____ (be) home at 11 o’clock.
9. I dream about _____ (build) a big house.
10. I’m hoping _____ (see) Lisa.

Exercise 3: Chia động từ ở trong ngoặc

1. The children prefer ( watch) ……….…..TV to ( read) ………………books.

2. The boys like ( play) ……………..games but hate ( do)……………….. lessons.
3. Would you like ( go)……………… now or shall we wait till the end?
4. I can’t find my favorite book. You ( see) …………………..it?
5. We used ( dream)………………….. of a television set when we (be) ………….small.
6. Would you mind ( show ) …………………me how ( send)……………… an email?
7. He always think about (go)……………………… swimming.
8. She dislikes (do)……………… a lot of housework.
9. My children enjoy ( read)……………………………. books.
10. She looked forward to (see)…………………….. you.

Exercise 4: Give the correct form of the verbs

1. My friend promised (return) ________________ the book very soon.
2. Most people enjoy (write) ________________ letters to their friends.
3. Tom avoids (study) ________________ his lessons as long as possible.
4. David finished (write) ________________ the report about four o’clock.
5. How soon do you expect (leave) ________________ for South America?
6. Have you considered (try) ________________ something different?
7. Are you going to suggest (travel) ________________ by plane or not?
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8. I can’t stand (listen) ________________ to his complaints any longer.

9. My father is retired. He stops (working) ________________ now.
1. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind……………………………….( wait ) for you.
2. My father gave up …………………………….( smoke ) three years ago.
3. Would you mind ……….……..( keep ) silent ? I’m trying ……….……( study ).
4. I always try to avoid……………………( borrow ) money from my friends.
5. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ……………..( get ) to
school on time.
6. Could you please stop ………………………….( make ) so much noise ?
7. I’ve put off …………..…( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
8. Sarah gave up ……………( try ) to find a job in this country and
decided……………( go ) abroad.
9. My mother can’t stand……………………………( stay ) at home without doing
anything.
10. How long have you been able………………(swim), John ?
11. You must promise……………….( not / be ) late again.
12. When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help…………………( laugh).
13. Please, don’t forget……………………( post ) the letter for me today ! It’s urgent.
26. However, she did not plan………………( be ) a secretary all her life.
27. But she couldn’t imagine…………………..( do ) the same job for years and years.
28. The only thing that prevented her from……………………….( study ) law was a lack
of time and money.
29. You must remember …………………( buy ) some sugar. We haven’t got any now.
30. Don’t forget…………………..( wake ) me up before six o’clock tomorrow.
31. I am looking forward to ……………………… (see) you.
32. He is tired of ……………………………… ( walk ) to school.
33. I arranged ………………………… (meet) them here.
34. I wish……………………… (see) the manager.
35. It's no use …………………… (wait).
36. He warned her………………… (not touch) the wire.

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37. Don't forget………………… (lock) the door before (go) to bed.

38. My mother told me ………………… (not speak) to anyone about it.
39. He tried…………… (explain) but she refused (listen)………………..
40. You are expected ………………… (know) the safety regulations of the college.
41. It was very kind of you …………………… (show) the way.
42. Ms Drake expects (consult) .............................. about any revisions in her manuscript
before it is printed.
43. Tommy admitted (throw) ...................... the rock through the window.
44.Most people enjoy (travel) ........................... to different parts of the world.
45. May I change the TV channel, or do you want (watch) ....................... more of this
programme?
46. The teacher let him (stay) ..................... at home to finish the assignment.
47. I find it difficult (drive)............................ the motorbike.
48. It is easy (see) ......................... animals on the road in daylight.
49. I asked him (explain) ..................... but he refused (say) ..................... any thing.
50. It is pleasant (sit) ........................... by the fire at night.
51. There was no way of (get) ..................... out of the building except by (climb)
.................... down a rope.
52. It’s no good (write) .......................... to him; he never answers letters.
53. They denied…………………..the money. ( steal )
54. Please stop…………………………….me questions! ( ask )
55. I refuse……………………………any more questions. ( answer )
56. One of the boys admitted…………………………the window. ( break )
57. The boy’s father promised…………………for the window to be repaired. ( pay )
58. Ann was having dinner when the phone rang. She didn’t answer the phone, she just
carried on ………………..(eat)
Exercise 5.
1. I hope .............................( have) a job.
2. Try to avoid..............................( make) him angry.
3. He is thinking of ......................( leave) his job.

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4. Please let me ................................( know) your decision.

5. It’s no use.................................( wait)
6. I hate............................( see) a child cry.
7. It’s difficult..............................( get) used to getting up early.
8. I’d like............................( have ) a look at your new car.
9. I’m looking forward to............................( see) you again.
10. Would you mind............................( not touch( the wire.
11. I’m sorry..................................( disappoint) you.
12. He told me ................................( sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
13. I don’t enjoy ...........................( go) to the dentist.
14. Don’t forget.....................................( give) her my regards.
15. He promised....................................( not go) to school late.
16. My father gave up..............................( smoke) 12 years ago.
17. She refused................................( answer) my questions.
18. He suggests.................................( go) on a trip.
19. They agree............................( camp) in that field.
20. They didn’t want me..........................( buy) that old house.
21. He regrets.................................( spend ) too much on computer.
22. I regret................................( say ) that you got bad points.
23. The doctor avised me................................( do) exercise every morning.

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