Norton University Chapter I Introduction to Programming

Foundation of Program in C

CHAPTER I

Introduction to Programming

By Mr.Nguon Bunsour (B.Sc). Tel: 012 622626 Page: 1

 Norton University Chapter I Introduction to Programming

esckþIepþIm GMBIkarsresrkmµviFI
INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING

sBVéf¶ enAelIBiPBelak mnusSEtgeFVIkarTMnak;TMngKñaedayeRbIR)as;n½yCasBaØa (Symbols).

eyIgeRbIR)as;sBaØaCaeRcInRbePT rYmman ³
- tYGkSr (Characters)
- elx (Numbers)
- düaRkam (Diagrams)
- rUbsBaØa (Icons)
- Baküniyay ehIynig tUrütRnþI (Spoken words and Music)
- karbgðajTwkmux (Facial expressions)
- kayvikar (Gestures)
- karesøókBak; (Clothing) .l.
edaysarkarBwgEp¥kTMnak;TMngmnusSedaymnusS mankarBi)ak/ yWty:av/ nigP½nþRclM eTIbeK
RtUvkarbegáItma:sIunedIm,ICYyedaHRsaybBaðaEbbenH EdleyIgehAfa kMuBüÚT½r (Computer).
Computer Science KWCakarsikSaeTAelIral;dMeNIkar (Process) énkarbkRsaysBaØa (Symbol)

edaysV½y Rbvtþi. rYmman Hardware ehIynig Software .

Hardware KWCaEpñkmYyénkMuBüÚT½rEdleyIgGac emIleXIj/ cab;b¤kan;)an ]TahrN¾ dUcCa

Keyboard, Monitor….

Software KWCaEpñk Program EdlmantYnaTIsMrab;RtYtBinitü RbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r b¤ Hardware ]TahrN¾

dUcCa Microsoft Windows, MS.Word….

GVIeTAEdlehAfa Computer program ?

Computer program KWCa Software/ EdlvaCasMnMuénkmµviFI (Programs) edIm,IeFVIeGaykMuBüÚT½r

GacedaHRsay nUvbBaðaepSg²)an dUcCakarKNnaelx b¤ pþl;Bt’manGVImYy>>>.l.
Program mYyGacRtUv)anbegáIteLIgtamry³ PasarkmµviFImYy b¤k¾eRcIn.

By Mr.Nguon Bunsour (B.Sc). Tel: 012 622626 Page: 2

 Norton University Chapter I Introduction to Programming

etIeyIgGacbegáIt Computer program edayviFINa ?

kñúgkarbegáItkmµviFImYysMrab;(Computer Programe)eyIgRtUvqøgkat; 5 dMNak;kalsMxan;² rYm
man³
- Problem Analysis (karviPaKbBaða)

- Designing and Testing an Algorithm (erobcMKMerag nigkarsakl,gedaHRsaybBaða)

- Coding the Algorithm (karsresr kUd)

- Testing the Code (karsakl,g kUd)

- Documentation (karsresrCaÉksardMkl;)

Problem Analysis: KWTak;TgeTAnwgkarsikSabBaðeTAelI Program EdleyIgnwgcab;epþIm

sresr.
Designing and Testing an Algorithm: dMNak;kalenHKWCakarerobcMnUvbNþarCMh‘an (Steps)
énkaredaHRsaybBaða EdleyIgeTIbTTYl)anBIEpñk Problem Analysis edayCMh‘anénbBaða
TaMgGs;enHRtUv)anKUsCa Flowchart eyIgnwg)anyl;c,as;faGVIeTAEdlehA Algorithm ehIyGVI eTAehAfa
Flowchart ? enAEpñkeRkay.

Coding the Algorithm: CadMNak;kalmYyénkarsresrkUd CaPasar Programming rbs;

kMuBüÚT½r edIm,IbBa¢areTAeGaykMuBüÚT½reFVIkaredaHRsayral;bBaðaeTAtamKMeragéndMNak;TI2.
Testing the Code: bnÞab;BIkarsresrkUdéndMnak;TI3rYcehIy eyIgRtUveFVIkarbkERb (Compile)
BIPasar Programming eTACaPasarkMuBüÚT½r (Computer Language) edIm,IeGayeyIgRtYt BinitüfaetI
Program EdleyIg)anbegáIt)anedaHRsaynUvGVIEdleyIgcg;)anb¤k¾Gt; ehIyvamanbBaða Errors GVIxøH?

ebIsinCamankrNI Error b¤xVHnUvkaredaHRsaybBaðarNamYyeyIgGaceFVIkarEktMrUveLIgvij )an.

Documentation: dMNak;kalcugeRkay KWCadMNak;kalEdlRtUveFVIkarerobcMCaÉksar nUv ral;
viFIsaRsþ Edl)aneFVIeGayeyIgTTYl)annUveCaKC½ykñúgkarbegáItkmµviFI (Computer Program)
EdlTak;TgnwgdMNak;kalTaMgbYnxagelI.
karsnñidæan (Conclusion)
karKwtTukCamun b¤karmanKMeragc,as;las; vaKWCasarsMxan;TImYykñúgkarsresrkmµviFI. eyIg
RtUvmansMnYrBIrEdlCYyeGayeyIgTTYl)annUveCaKC½ykñúgkarerobcMxøÜn kñúgkarsresrkmµvIFI KW³
1- etIeyIgcg;eGay Program EdleyIgerobnwgsresrenH edaHRsayGMBIGVI?
2- etIRtUvqøgkat;CMha‘ n (Steps) GVIxHø ? Edl Program rbs;eyIgnwgedaHRsayenaH?
kñúgBaküfa CMh‘an b¤k¾ Steps enAsMnYrTIBIrxagelIKWsMedAeTAelIdMeNIrkarén Algorithms.
By Mr.Nguon Bunsour (B.Sc). Tel: 012 622626 Page: 3
 Norton University Chapter I Introduction to Programming

GVIeTAEdlehAfa Algorithm ?
Algorithm KWCakarRbmUlpþMúnUvbNaþrtMNak;kalTaMgLay b¤k¾CaviFIsaRsþkñúgkaredaHRsay
bBaðaNamYy Edl Program rbs;eyIgnwgCYbRbTH.
eKGaceRbIR)as; Algorithm epSg²KñaedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðamYy eTAtamkarniymcUlcitþ nig
PaBsÞat;CMnajrbs;eK . Gñk Programmers mYycMnYn)ansresr Algorithm rbs;eKCalkçN³ List
edayeFVIkarerobeTAtamlMdab;lMedayénbBaðEdleKnwgCYbRbTHkñúgtMNak;kalénsMNg;kmµviFIrbs;eK
dUcKñaenHEdrk¾manGñk Programmers mYycMnYneTotykbBaðaTaMgGs;enHmktagCalkçN³düaRkam
(Diagram) EdleyIgehAfa Flowchart ehIyk¾manGñk Programmers xøHeKeRbIR)as;xYrk,aledIm,Icg

caMnUvbBaðaTaMgenHkñúgtMNak;kalénsMNg;kmµviFI.

Do this
Do that
Did it work?

1. Do this Do this
2. Do that
3. Did it work?
- if do, do this
- if not, do
that

Do that

A list
No

Did it work?
An experienced programmer
Yes

Do this

A flowchart

By Mr.Nguon Bunsour (B.Sc). Tel: 012 622626 Page: 4

 Norton University Chapter I Introduction to Programming

GVIeTAEdlehAfa Flowchart ?
Flowchart pÞúknUvkarbkRsay b¤ CMha‘nénkaredaHRsaybBaðarCadMNak;kal. EdldMNak;

kalnimYy²RtUv)anpÞúkenAkñúgnimµitsBaØa (Symbols) c,as;las;mYy.

nimiµtsBaØaEdleKykmkeRbIenAkñúgkarKUs Flowchart rYmman³

Terminator Symbol CanimµitsBaØabgðajBIkar cab;epþIm (Begin or Start)

nigkarbBa©b; (End or Stop) éndMNak;kalGnuvtþn¾ Program

Connector Symbol CanimiµtsBaØabgðajBIkarcgP¢ab;rvag Flowchart mYyeTA
Flowchart mYyeTot.
Process Symbol CanimµitsBaØabgðajBIkarGnuvtþnUvskmµPaBGVImYykñúg Program .

Decision Symbol CanimµitsBaØabgðajBIkareRCIserIs nUvlkç½NÐ kñúgkaredaH

RsaybBaðaNamYy EdlsMedAelI PaBBit b¤ minBit enAkñúgEpñksikSatkáviTüa

Input/Output Symbol CanimµitsBaØabgðajBIkarbBa©Úlb¤beBa©jtMél (Data)

eTAb¤BI Process .

Data Flow Symbol CanimµitsBaØabgðajBITisedAén Data BI Symbol mYyeTA

Symbol mYy.

By Mr.Nguon Bunsour (B.Sc). Tel: 012 622626 Page: 5

 Norton University Chapter I Introduction to Programming

Examples:

start

input
rate of pay

input
hours
worked

calculate
gross wage A sequence of instruction

output
gross wage

stop

start start

input input
rate of pay rate of pay

input
hours set counter to zero
worked

input
hours
No Yes hours
>40?
worked

calculate
calculate calculate
gross with
gross wage gross wage
overtime

output
gross wage
output
gross wage

increase counter
by 1
stop

counter
No
=5?
Flowchart showing selection
Yes

stop

Flowchart showing repetition

By Mr.Nguon Bunsour (B.Sc). Tel: 012 622626 Page: 6

 Norton University Chapter I Introduction to Programming

start

input
rate of pay

set counter to zero

input
hours
worked

hours
No Yes
>40?
calculate calculate
gross without gross with
overtime overtime

output
gross wage

increase counter
by 1

counter
No
=5?
Yes

stop

Flowchart showing selection

and repetition

By Mr.Nguon Bunsour (B.Sc). Tel: 012 622626 Page: 7