Puslitbang Sosial Ekonomi Kebijakan dan Perubahan Iklim

KEMENTERIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN

MANGROVE UNTUK MITIGASI DAN

ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM

Virni Budi Arifanti, Ph.D.

Disampaikan pada Diskusi Pojok Iklim
Jakarta, 13 Mei 2020
 Indonesia’s commitment on climate change initiatives

Indonesia Passes Five Resolutions at the

4th Environment Assembly United Nations
Meeting (UNEA-4)

Indonesia’s committment to
reduce its GHG’s by 2030:
- 29% with GOI’s effort
- 41% with international
support
 Mangroves incorporated into national GHG inventory & NDC

The 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National

Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands(Wetlands Supplement)
1. Introduction
2. Drained Inland Organic Soils
3. Rewetted Organic Soils
4. Coastal Wetlands (mangroves,
tidal marshes and seagrass
meadows)
5. Inland Wetland Organic Soils
6. Constructed Wetlands for
Wastewater Treatment
7. Cross-cutting Issues and Reporting
 ONE MAP MANGROVE

2.673.583 ha 637.624 ha
Kondisi BAIK Kerapatan jarang (<30%)

221.560,31ha

3,31
 Peran mangrove dalam mitigasi &
adaptasi perubahan iklim
Mangrove Indonesia menyimpan

1/3 dari cadangan karbon dunia

→ BLUE CARBON Pelindung abrasi, erosi, intrusi
air laut dan kenaikan
permukaan air laut

Untuk setiap 1 ha luas hutan

mangrove, dapat menyimpan

4X karbon lebih banyak

dari hutan terestrial Ketahanan pangan

dan menyerap 20X lebih

besar emisi CO2 dari hutan
tropis terestrial
Role of mangroves in climate change mitigation

The range in total ecosystem carbon stocks (Mg C/ha)

of 190 mangroves from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and
Oceania.
 Role of mangroves in climate change mitigation

Tidal re-instatement facilitates

natural regeneration

10 years – restoration

Conserving Components of carbon cycle

mangroves could have restored
reduce 10–31% of
estimated annual
emissions from
land-use sectors at Natural Restored
Greater potential for climate change mitigation (Mg C ha-1 (Mg C ha-1
present in
can be achieved by increasing conservation yr-1) yr-1)
Indonesia. areas that keep mangrove forests from land
conversion. AB biomass 16.6 16.2
Indonesia Gov targets 30 million ha of MPA + leaf litter
by 2030.
Most of new MPA are managed by local Soil 2.2 1.5
government.
Role of mangroves in climate change adaptation
 Mangrove adaptation to sea level rise & Tsunami

(MacIvor et al., 2012):

Penanaman mangrove dengan

densitas 3000 pohon/ha dan lebar 200
m mampu mengurangi gelombang
Tsunami 50-60% & kecepatan Tsunami
40-60% (Harada & Kawata, 2006)

Source: Krauss et al. (2014)

TEKANAN TERHADAP EKOSISTEM MANGROVE
Konversi mangrove menjadi
tambak, pertanian, pemukiman,
infrastruktur

Pertumbuhan
Sampah laut penduduk

MANGROVE

Industri (tambang,
Reklamasi pantai minyak, gas, dll)

Eksploitasi air tanah

Majalah Tempo Edisi 7-13 Mei 2018
CO2 emissions from mangrove conversion

Mg CO2e ha-1 yr-1

Potential CO2 1925
emissions
Emission factor 120
IPCC Emission factor 7.3
for organic wetland
soils after drainage
 The way forward...

Conservation of mangrove forests Promote collaboration with other

(e.g. marine protected areas) stakeholders

Rehabilitation and restoration of

degraded mangroves and Research and Innovation
abandoned ponds

Mainstreaming mangrove
management in climate change Mangrove education and
mitigation and adaptation awareness raising
strategies (e.g. NDC, REDD+)

Promote sustainable management

Improvement of coastal community of aquaculture (e.g. Silvofishery,
livelihood and resilience to climate IMTA)
change
Terimakasih
Virni Budi Arifanti

vbudia@yahoo.com; virniarifanti@gmail.com