US ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLLEGE

US Army Command and General Staff School

Command and General Staff Officer Course (CGSOC) Common Core
F100: Force Management

Advance Sheet for Lesson F105

Rightsizing the Army

1. SCOPE

In this lesson, you will examine how the Army determines the best mix of capabilities (units,
organizations) that it can afford to provide to the combatant commanders. The lesson addresses the reality
of resource constraints and other considerations regarding the Army's need to provide capabilities to the
joint force. The lesson surveys the Total Army Analysis (TAA) decision process and how it transitions
the Army's vision, directed and identified needs, and viable alternatives into a resource-informed,
authorized force structure. You will also study the documentation actions and processes of the decisions
made inside TAA.

To study how resource constraints impact force design, you will review the history of select Army
organizational design efforts following the Vietnam conflict. During an era when it was necessary to
balance light and heavy forces to meet a wide range of potential military requirements, Army leaders
struggled to meet planning guidance while remaining under congressionally-imposed end strength and
fiscal limitations. The study will illustrate the constant challenge of matching requirements and resources.

This lesson incorporates foundational concepts from the C100 course, including the critical thinking
skills explored in the C121, Critical Thinking, lesson and provides an opportunity to practice listening and
speaking effectively from the C173, Effective Speaking, Listening, and Briefing lesson. This lesson is
linked to the national strategic guidance and policy lessons from the C200, Strategic Context of
Operational Art, course and the doctrine and planning lessons in the C400, Apply US Army Doctrine, and
C500, Operational Art and Joint Planning, courses. The concepts and processes that you learn within this
lesson will support learning material presented throughout the remainder of the core curriculum and in
preparing your F100 case study paper and presentation.

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

This lesson supports CGSOC Common Core Course TLO-CC-1, “Analyze organizational level
leadership concepts used to lead in developing organizations,” TLO-CC-3, “Analyze historical
context to inform professional military judgment,” and TLO-CC-8, “Demonstrate Department of
Defense processes that provide Army capabilities to commanders,” as listed on the course advance
sheet.

ELO-CC-1.5
Action: Analyze effective change management in organizations.
Condition: Acting as an organizational-level leader, using principles and standards of critical thinking,
references, case studies, practical exercises, class discussion, and the block exam.
Standard: Analysis includes—
1. When change is necessary
2. The dynamics of change
3. Methods of change implementation
Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Analysis

ELO-CC-3.2
Action: Analyze current doctrine using historical context.

F105 Advance Sheet 1 June 2021

Condition: Using historical context, major theoretical concepts, historical analogies, ethical
consideration, critical thinking, classroom discussions, directed readings, and a directed writing
assignment.
Standard: Analysis includes—
1. The logic and adequacy of current doctrine using the historical record
2. The relationship of the Western way of war and current doctrine
Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Analysis

ELO-CC-3.3
Action: Analyze trends in modern warfare using the historical record.
Condition: Using historical context, major theoretical concepts, historical analogies, ethical
consideration, critical thinking, classroom discussions, directed readings, and a directed writing
assignment.
Standard: Analysis includes—
1. The claims of emerging concepts of theory and doctrine using the historical record
2. Changes in warfare from 1500 to present
Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Analysis

ELO-CC-8.2
Action: Develop solutions across DOTMLPF-P.
Conditions: As a member of a cross-functional class / team in a small group setting and using reference
material provided, practical exercises, class discussions, and personal experiences.
Standard: Development includes—
1. Materiel solutions through the Defense Acquisition System (DAS)
2. Organizational requirements driven by doctrine
3. Process to change organizations
4. Combatant command concerns
Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Application

ELO-CC-8.3
Action: Explain how the Army allocates resources to support solutions.
Conditions: As a member of a cross-functional class / team in a small group setting and using reference
material provided, practical exercises, class discussions, and personal experiences.
Standard: Explanation includes—
1. Army planning events impacting resourcing decisions
2. Organizational authorizations based on resource constraints
3. Limitations and tradeoffs required in the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE)
system
4. Legal issues and ethical concerns in resourcing decisions
Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Comprehension
PLO Standards Supported:
1f. Compose complete and well-supported arguments.
2d. Meet organizational-level challenges.
3d. Understand the generation of military power through force management.
4b. Apply appropriate inter-disciplinary analytical frameworks.
4c. Evaluate historical, cultural, political, military, economic, innovative, technological, and other
competitive forces.
6c. Integrate and synchronize the Army warfighting functions with joint, multinational capabilities, with
other instruments of national power.
Special Areas of Emphasis Supported:
3. The Return to Great Power Competition.

F105 Advance Sheet 2 June 2021

3. ISSUE MATERIAL

a. Advance Issue: The readings, study guide, and worksheet are all available on Blackboard.

b. During Class: Wi-Fi is available at select locations for use during the lesson. Government
computer and internet access may also be available.

4. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT

a. Study Requirements (Unless otherwise noted, readings are in the Blackboard lesson area or Master
Library.)

(1) First Requirement:

Read:

(a) F105RA Determining and Documenting Authorizations. Department of Sustainment and

Force Management, US Army Command and General Staff College, 2021, pages 1-6 (6 pages). Read for
a fundamental understanding of how the Army decides on the best mix of forces (capabilities) it can
afford (resourced authorizations) in upcoming years.

(b) F105RB Case Study – Sixty Years of Reorganizing for Combat. Combat Studies Institute, US
Army Command and General Staff College, January 2000 (5-7 pages). Read for a deeper understanding
of the history of how Army divisions evolved over time and the successes and failures in those efforts.
Page numbers below are original document page numbers.

Read the introduction on page 1 and then the chapter relevant to your assigned group:

Group 1 - Division Restructuring Study (DRS), 1975-1979, pages 37-40 (4 pages)

Group 2 - Division 86, 1978-1980, pages 41-44 (4 pages)
Group 3 - 7th Infantry Division (Light), 1983-1986, pages 51-54 (4 pages)
Group 4 - Force XXI / EXFOR / Experimental Division, 1993-1997, 55-60 (6 pages)

(2) Second Requirement:

Complete:

(a) F105RC F105 Case Study Worksheet. Department of Sustainment and Force Management,
US Army Command and General Staff College, 2021, pages 1-2 (2 pages). Complete based on your
group’s reading.

Group 1 - Division Restructuring Study (DRS), 1975-1979

Group 2 - Division 86, 1978-1980
Group 3 - 7th Infantry Division (Light), 1983-1986
Group 4 - Force XXI / EXFOR / Experimental Division, 1993-1997

Review:

(b) Review previous F100 lesson references and materials to refresh and reinforce your
understanding of the force management process.

F105 Advance Sheet 3 June 2021

 (3) Optional Requirement:

Complete:

(a) F105ORA F105 Study Guide. Department of Sustainment and Force Management, US Army
Command and General Staff College, 2021, pages 1-2 (2 pages). Complete based on the F105RA reading
to aid in retention of the material and for potential use during study periods.

Compare:

(b) F105ORB F105 Study Guide Answer Key. Department of Sustainment and Force
Management, US Army Command and General Staff College, 2021, pages 1-2 (2 pages). Compare to see
if you had the correct answers.

b. Bring to Class or Have Electronic Access:

(1) Completed F105RC, F105 Case Study Worksheet.

(2) FM placemats, notes, or other F100 materials.

5. ASSESSMENT PLAN

Instructors will not independently assess your performance in this lesson. You will demonstrate what
you learn from this lesson as part of the F100 case study paper and presentation and during the F100 end-
of-block comprehensive test. Refer to the F100 block advance sheet, appendix A, for the complete details
of the course assessment plan.

F105 Advance Sheet 4 June 2021