FIRST QUARTER D.
By giving protection against small to medium
Why is ozone layer important to Earth?
A. It produces enough amount of rain.
B. It filters harmful UV radiation that reaches the
Earth.
C. It regulates the weather on Earth.
D. It protects Earth from meteors and asteroids
impact.
Plants, animals, and microbes survive and thrive on Earth
million years ago. This is because Earth provides essential
factors needed for life to exist. Which of the following
factor is essential to support life on the planet?
A. Nutrients C. Liquid water
B. Temperature D. All of the above
How does temperature affect the ability of Earth to
support life?
A. Temperature affects biological and chemical
processes
B. Temperature protects Earth from radiation
C. Temperature produces nutrients
d. Temperature intensifies gravity
Which of the following is not a function of Earth’s
atmosphere?
A. It provides energy.
B. It provides significant insulation.
C. It protects from harmful radiation.
D. It gives protection against small to medium
size meteorites.
Which of the following best describes a greenhouse gas?
A. It is a gas that traps heat.
B. It is a gas that releases heat from Earth.
C. It is a gas that shields Earth from radiation.
D. It is a gas that provides protection from space.
Atmosphere plays vital role in planet’s ability to support
life. Which of the following factors affects a planet’s
ability to hold atmosphere?
A. Orbital size
B. Presence of volcano
C. Presence of liquid water
D. Distance from the sun
How does ozone layer support life on Earth?
A. By providing energy
B. By providing significant insulation
C. By protecting from harmful sun’s radiation
size meteorites
What will happen to Earth if there are no greenhouse
gases?
A. Earth’s temperature will increase.
B. Earth’s temperature will decrease.
C. Earth’s temperature will become stable.
D. Earth’s temperature will not be affected
Ozone layer depletes when combined with CFC. What do
you think will happen if ozone layer will totally deplete
on Earth?
A. Changes in weather
B. Solar wind will pass through
C. Penetration of ultraviolet radiation to Earth’s
surface
D. Meteors will freely get through the Earth’s
atmosphere
Which of the following statement is true?
A. Living organisms can harness energy from the
sun.
B. Living organisms cannot harness energy from
chemical substances.
C. All living organisms cannot survive without
sunlight.
D. All of the above statements are true.
What is the most important factor that determines
Earth’s temperature?
A. Distance from the sun
B. Size of the orbit
C. Gas in the atmosphere
D. Amount of water on the planet
If Earth is smaller than its size, how will you describe its
atmosphere?
A. It has a thinner atmosphere.
B. It has a thicker atmosphere.
C. It won’t affect Earth’s atmosphere.
D. Both A and B are correct.
How do volcanoes support life on Earth?
A. It helps in nutrient cycling.
B. It produces gas that cools the Earth.
C. It provides heat through magma release.
D. It changes the topography of the Earth’s crust.
What will most likely happen if Earth is the first planet
from the sun?
A. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 3
B. 1 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3
An astronomer observed an Earth-sized like planet in a
distant galaxy. Based on the data, the planet is at the
same distance from its star, like Earth to its star - the sun.
It is also covered with a thick atmosphere which is
composed of carbon dioxide and shows no volcanic
activity. What can you infer from this data?
A. The Earth-like planet is hot and no nutrient
cycling occurs.
B. The Earth-like planet is cold and no nutrient
cycling occurs.
C. The Earth-like planet is hot and nutrient
cycling occurs.
D. The Earth-like planet is cold and nutrient
cycling occurs.
If greenhouse gases will increase in Earth’s atmosphere,
what will happen to its temperature?
A. Earth’s temperature will increase.
B. Earth’s temperature will decrease.
C. Earth’s temperature will become stable.
D. Earth’s temperature will not be affected.
Which of the following are not the functions of the
Earth’s ozone layer?
A. 1,2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4
Given its current position, if Earth is bigger than its size,
how will you describe its atmosphere?
A. It has a thinner atmosphere
B. It has a thicker atmosphere
C. It won’t affect Earth’s atmosphere
D. Both A and B are correct
Which subsystem is comprised of all of the waters on
Earth?
A. Atmosphere C. Geosphere
B. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere
Which of the following is true about atmosphere?
A. It includes flying organisms.
B. It serves as the Earth’s blanket.
C. It is affected by temperature and salinity.
D. It is composed of the different landforms of
the Earth.
Which subsystem contains all living organisms of Earth,
including those in the land, in the water and in the air?
A. Atmosphere C. Geosphere
B. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere
The Agusan Marsh is a large, warm wetland with many
plants, animals, and microscopic organisms. Which part
of the Earth system includes the water in this wetland?
A. Atmosphere C. Geosphere
B. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere
What subsystems are involved in the statement given
below? “Flooding moves soil and rock to new places.”
A. Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
B. Geosphere and Biosphere
C. Hydrosphere and Biosphere
D. Hydrosphere and Geosphere
Antarctica is covered by a thick ice all year round. It is
part of the Earth known as cryosphere. Which part of
subsystem did Antarctica belong?
A. Atmosphere C. Geosphere
B. Cyanosphere D. Hydrosphere
What subsystem interacts when a rice plant draws water
and nutrients from the soil?
A. Atmosphere, Biosphere and Geosphere
B. Biosphere, Hydrosphere and Geosphere
C. Geosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere
D. Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Geosphere
Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
A. Plant C. Trees
B. Air D. Bees
Oceans cover almost the entire Earth’s surface. This is
the big part of Earth’s hydrosphere and plays an
important role in Earth’s habitable condition. Which of
the following is its function?
A. It absorbs and redistributes solar radiation.
B. It adsorbs and replenishes solar radiation.
C. It protects and absorbs solar radiation.
D. It protects and adsorbs solar radiation.
Analyze the ecological phenomena below. Which of the
following situations shows the interaction between Which of the following is a biotic factor?
hydrosphere and atmosphere? A. Water C. Rocks
A. Evaporating water B. Air D. Bees
B. Pouring rain
C. Flowing stream Which of the following is true about hydrosphere?
D. Drinking water A. It includes organisms.
B. It serves as the Earth’s blanket.
Atmosphere is a mixture of gases. Which of the following C. It is affected by temperature and salinity.
is the most abundant gas component of the D. It is composed of the different landforms of
atmosphere? the Earth.
A. Nitrogen C. Argon
B. Oxygen D. Hydrogen Which of the following situations shows the interaction
between hydrosphere and atmosphere?
Plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide during A. Drinking water C. Freezing water
photosynthesis. Which of the following subsystems are B. Flowing stream D. Pouring rain
interacting during this process?
A. Atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere Atmosphere is a mixture of gases. Which of the following
B. Atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere is the second most abundant gas component of the
C. Atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere atmosphere?
D. Hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere A. Nitrogen C. Argon
B. Oxygen D. Hydrogen
Taal Volcano spews gases and ashes into air. Which two
spheres are interacting in this scenario? Which of the following events show an interaction
A. Biosphere and Geosphere between geosphere and hydrosphere?
B. Biosphere and Atmosphere A. Bacteria converting nitrogen to ammonium
C. Geosphere and Hydrosphere B. Plants undergoing the process of transpiration
D. Geosphere and Atmosphere C. Rocks undergoing the process of weathering
due to flood
Water availability impacts the growth animals like cows D. Water evaporating from the soil
which depend on plants for food. Which of the following
subsystems are involved in this situation? Which of the following mineral characteristics refer to
A. Atmosphere and Biosphere the tendency to break along very smooth surfaces?
B. Hydrosphere and Biosphere A. Hardness C. Fracture
C. Hydrosphere and Geosphere B. Cleavage D. Luster
D. Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
Silicates are one of the most abundant minerals on Earth.
Which of the following is an interaction between Which of the following example is a silicate?
geosphere and atmosphere? A. Apatite C. Amber
A. Water evaporating from the soil B. Feldspar D. Magnetite
B. Bacteria converting nitrogen to ammonium
C. Plants undergoing the process of transpiration Quarts are composed of silicon and oxygen. Which
D. Rocks undergoing the process of weathering common group of minerals do quarts belong?
due to flood A. Oxide C. Sulfate
B. Silicate D. Sulfide
Earth is made up of landforms like mountains and hills.
Which subsystem do mountains and hills belong? Gypsum, also known as desert rose, has chemical name
A. Atmosphere C. Geosphere of Calcium sulfate dehydrate. To which group of rock-
B. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere forming mineral does it belong?
 A. Oxides Sulfates C. Sulfates B. Oxide class D. Sulphate class
B. Silicates D. Sulfides Dan scratched a piece of unknown mineral in a glass
plate. He observed that it produced a powdery
Which group of minerals do common table salts belong? substance. What property of mineral did he test?
A. Carbonates Halides C. Halides A. Color C. Streak
B. Fluorites D. Sulfides B. Hardness D. Specific gravity

The following are physical properties of minerals except Given the list of minerals below, what is the correct
_____. arrangement from hardest to softest according to Moh’s
A. Habit C. Oxidizing potential Scale?
B. Luster D. Streak
A. 1, 3, 2, 4 C. 4, 2, 3, 1
Which of the following is the most abundant element B. 1, 3, 4, 2 D. 4, 2, 1, 3
found in rocks?
A. Carbon C. Oxygen Angela tests a mineral sample by scratching it to white
B. Hydrogen D. Silicon and black porcelain plate to determine its true color?
What property of minerals did she test?
Which of the following is the correct pairing? A. Specific gravity C. Streak
A. Magnetite: Silicate C. Feldspar: Oxide B. Hardness D. Color
B. Gypsum: Sulfate D. Pyrite: Sulfide
James Dana developed a classification scheme for
Which is the hardest mineral? minerals. Which of the following is the basis of his
A. Calcite C. Quartz classification?
B. Diamond D. Talc A. Chemical composition of the minerals
B. Hardness of the mineral
What physical property of minerals is considered the C. Location of mineral occurrence
least reliable in identifying minerals? D. Color of mineral
A. Color C. Streak
B. Hardness D. Specific gravity Which group of minerals is most common in the earth's
crust?
What property of minerals determines its true color? A. Oxides C. Ore minerals
A. Streak C. Color B. Silicates D. Sulfates
B. Specific gravity D. Hardness
One of the most abundant minerals on Earth is quartz.
Anton hammers a piece of unidentified mineral. The Which physical property of quartz could not be used to
mineral breaks into two parts with uneven surfaces. verify its authenticity?
What property of mineral does it show? A. Color C. Habit
A. Cleavage C. Diaphaneity B. Hardness D. Cleavage
B. Crystal lattice D. Fracture
Diamonds are used in jewelry because of its ability to
Which statement is incorrect about minerals? reflect light that cause its brilliance or shining effect.
A. It is organic. What physical property of mineral is exhibited in the
B. It has crystal lattice. aforementioned statement?
C. It is naturally occurring. A. Streak C. Hardness
D. It has definite composition. B. Luster D. Cleavage

What class of mineral is considered as the largest and Which of the following mineral properties relates why
most abundant group? talc is used as a component for baby powder?
A. Silicate class C. Sulphide class A. Streak C. Hardness
 B. Fracture D. Cleavage ejected by the volcano during its eruption. What type of
An unknown mineral sample was tested by putting a rock did the local recover?
drop of HCl solution on the surface. After few minutes A. Igneous rock C. Ore body rock
there was a bubble formation on the surface. What B. Metamorphic rock D. Sedimentary rock
physical property of mineral was tested in the unknown
mineral sample? While walking at the beach, Angela found a rock sample
A. Odor C. Specific Gravity with shells and pebbles embedded. What type of rock did
B. Reaction to acid D. Striations she find?
A. Igneous rock C. Ore body rock
Scientists use a scale of 1-10 to show the hardness of a B. Metamorphic rock D. Sedimentary rock
mineral. What number would be given to the hardest?
A. 1 C. 6 Which of the following statements is true about
B. 5 D. 10 metamorphic rocks?
A. It is formed from existing rocks.
What property of mineral is shown if a rock breaks into B. It is subjected to cold and high pressure.
an irregular pattern? C. It is composed of plants and animals’
A. Fracture C. Luster materials.
B. Cleavage D. Hardness D. It is formed from deposition and cementation
of minerals and organic particles.
Which of the following statement is true about silicates?
A. Made of carbon, oxygen, and a metallic When magma solidifies below the surface of the Earth,
element what possible igneous rock may form?
B. Largest group of minerals A. Andesite C. Granite
C. Brightly colored minerals B. Basalt D. Scoria
D. Very soft and easily dissolved in water
Rinzen found an igneous rock from the school ground.
Which of the following is not included in the group? Out of curiosity, she strongly hit the rock sample by a
A. Copper C. Gypsum hammer and found out that it contained large crystals.
B. Gold D. Silver What is the correct inference on the formation of the
rock sample?
Salt is used in cooking to enhance food taste. Which A. It formed overtime through slow process of
group of minerals does it belong? crystallization at the surface of the Earth.
A. Carbonates C. Halides B. It formed overtime through fast process of
B. Fluorites D. Sulfides crystallization at the surface of the Earth.
C. It formed overtime through slow process of
Which of the following is the least description of a rock? crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth.
A. Solid D. It formed overtime through fast process of
B. Heavy crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth.
C. Naturally occurring
D. Aggregate of minerals Which type of rock may contain plants’ and animals’
remains?
Which of the following is not a classification of A. Igneous rock C. Ore body rock
sedimentary rock? B. Metamorphic rock D. Sedimentary rock
A. Clastic rock C. Chemical rock
B. Organic rock D. Non-foliated rock Which of the following is excluded from the group?
A. Coal C. Rock salt
A rock sample was recovered from Taal Volcano Island by B. Granite D. Shale
a local. The resident volcanologist was on site and
identified that the rock was formed from the material
Ava collected samples of sedimentary rocks from the
riverbank of Pansit. She grouped the rocks according to A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 2 and 4
their characteristics. On the first group, she observed B. 1, 3, and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4
attached weathered rock on the samples. While on the
second group, she observed shells attached on it. What Which of the following is a classification of sedimentary
type of sedimentary rocks had been collected by Ava rock?
from the riverbank? A. Intrusive rock C. Chemical rock
A. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks B. Foliated rock D. Non foliated rock
while the second is chemical sedimentary rock.
B. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks A rock sample was recovered from Taal Volcano Island by
while the second is organic sedimentary rock. a local. The resident volcanologist was on site and
C. The first group is chemical sedimentary rocks identified the rock was formed from the material ejected
while the second is clastic sedimentary rock. by the volcano during its eruption. He further observed
D. The first group is organic sedimentary rocks that the rock sample had glassy appearance. What type
while the second is clastic sedimentary rock. of rock did the local recover?
A. Extrusive rock C. Metamorphic rock
Foliation occurs when a certain rock was subject to B. Intrusive rock D. Sedimentary rock
intense heat and pressure. Which of the following rock
most likely to have foliation? Which of the following statement is not true about
A. Hornfels C. Quartzite metamorphic rocks?
B. Marble D. Slate A. It is formed from plant and animal debris.
B. It is formed when subjected to high heat and
Scoria is rock formed through fast solidification on air pressure.
when a volcano erupts. What type of rock is scoria? C. Schist, phyllite and gneiss are examples of
A. Extensive igneous rock metamorphic rocks.
B. Extrusive igneous rock D. Foliated and non-foliated are classification of
C. Intensive igneous rock metamorphic rocks.
D. Intrusive igneous rock
While walking at the beach, Angela found a rock sample
Which of the following statement is true about with a crystal white appearance which according to her
sedimentary rocks? friend was halite – a rock salt. What type of rock did she
A. It is formed from plant and animal debris. find?
B. It is formed when subjected to high heat and A. Clastic rock C. Metamorphic rock
pressure. B. Chemical rock D. Organic rock
C. Schist, phyllite and gneiss are examples of
sedimentary rocks. When magma solidifies on the surface of Earth, what
D. Foliated and non-foliated are classification of possible igneous rock may be formed?
sedimentary rocks. A. Gabbro C. Peridotite
B. Granite D. Scoria
Which of the following rock contains large crystals?
A. Andesite C. Diorite Obsidian is rock formed through fast solidification on air
B. Basalt D. Scoria when a volcano erupts. What type of rock is obsidian?
A. Extrusive igneous rock
Which group of rocks was formed through compressing B. Extensive igneous rock
and heating? C. Intrusive igneous rock
A. Clastic rock C. Metamorphic rock D. Intensive igneous rock
B. Igneous rock D. Sedimentary rock
Rinzen found an igneous rock from the school ground.
Which of the following describes a rock? Out of curiosity, she strongly hit the rock sample by a
hammer and found out that it had a glassy appearance. Which of the following minerals is used as additive for
What is the correct inference on the formation of the different cosmetic materials like face powder?
rock sample? A. Coal C. Talc
A. It formed overtime through slow process of B. Salt D. Uranium
crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth.
B. It formed overtime through fast process of Titanium is a light, durable and non-allergenic metal. In
crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth. which industry is it most suitable for use?
C. It formed overtime through slow process of A. Agriculture
crystallization at the surface of the Earth. B. Energy production
D. It formed overtime through fast process of C. Medical industry
crystallization at the surface of the Earth. D. Plastic making industry

Which type of rock contains plants’ and animals’ What mineral is important in making toothpaste to fight
remains? tooth decay?
A. Chemical rock C. Foliated rock A. Calcium C. Fluorite
B. Clastic rock D. Organic rock B. Carbide D. Sulfates

Which of the following statements is not true about Glassware is commonly used in the kitchen. What are the
igneous rocks? mineral components of glasses that are used to produce
A. It formed crystals. kitchen wares?
B. It is formed from magma. A. Quartz and nickel C. Silica and nickel
C. It can become glassy in appearance. B. Quartz and silica D. Silica and chromium
D. It can be formed from an existing rock.
Iron is a corrosive metal and forms rust once exposed to
Which of the following is excluded from the group? air. Manufacturers use stainless steel in making safe
A. Gabbro C. Pegmatite kitchen wares. What are the primary minerals combined
B. Granite D. Shale with iron to form stainless steel?
A. Chromium and carbon
In spite of intense heat and pressure, nonfoliated rocks B. Chromium and silicon
did not formed bands. Which of the following rocks are C. Nickel and carbon
nonfoliate? D. Nickel and silicon
A. Gneiss C. Phyllite
B. Marble D. Slate Which of the following semi metallic minerals are used
as electrical components for gadgets and computers?
Which of the following rock contains less crystals? A. Copper C. Silicon
A. Diorite C. Pegmatite B. Gold D. Silver
B. Granite D. Rhyolite
Nuclear energy is one of the cleanest and efficient energy
Which group of rocks formed from precipitate of sources. Which of the following minerals are used as a
dissolved materials? source of this type of energy?
A. Clastic rock C. Foliated rock A. Carbon C. Silver
B. Chemical rock D. Organic rock B. Chromium D. Uranium

Which of the following minerals is usually used in a Which of the following metals are mainly used for aircraft
household to enhance the food taste? components because they are light weight and durable?
A. Coal c. Talc A. Aluminum C. Nickel
B. Salt D. Uranium B. Chromium D. Steel
Tooth extraction leaves an empty gum that affects an What organic mineral are used as a source of energy by
individual’s speaking and eating ability. To address this some power plants in the Philippines?
problem, dentists used light metallic mineral to implant A. Charcoal C. Coal
tooth on the affected gum. What metallic mineral is used B. Chromium D. Uranium
by the dentists?
A. Calcium C. Silver Which of the following is not a mineral ore?
B. Gold D. Titanium A. A rock with fossilized insect
B. A rock combined with copper
Calaca Power Plant is one of the Power Plants that is C. A sediment that has gold traces
powered by organic mineral mined at Semirara island. D. A rock that contains valuable mineral
What organic mineral is used in the power plant?
A. Charcoal C. Coal How do modern miners determine the prospective
B. Chromium D. Uranium mineral ore body?

Nutrients are essential substances needed by plant to

grow. However, due to improper farming, essential
nutrients are depleted in soil. That is why, farmers use
fertilizer to supplement the mineral lost. What are the A. I, II and III C. II, III and IV
components of fertilizers? B. I, II and IV D. III, IV and I
A. Aluminum, iron and copper
B. Potassium, nitrogen, and carbon Nickel is an important ingredient in the production of
C. Calcium, magnesium and potassium stainless steel. In the Philippines, CARAGA region has the
D. Potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen most numbered nickel mining site where miners remove
a thin parallel strip of soil to extract the ore deposits.
In the era of climate change awareness due to air Which mining method did the miners use?
pollution caused by fossil fuel operated vehicles, A. Dredging C. Strip mining
inventors developed electric powered car. This car uses B. Open-pit mining D. Underground mining
batteries as energy storage. What are the mineral
components of these batteries? Which of the following mining methods are used in
A. Nickel, copper and zinc mining gravel?
B. Nickel, copper and lithium A. Dredging C. Strip mining
C. Nickel, zinc and lithium B. Open-pit mining D. Underground mining
D. Nickel, zinc and silver
Sand is composed of mineral grains that are widely used
Silver is more conductive than copper. In spite of this, as a construction material. Which of the following
why do you think copper is commonly used as electrical method is the most applicable way to mine sand?
wirings?
A. Copper is cheaper than silver. A. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 3
B. Copper is harder than silver. B. 1 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3
C. Copper is more malleable than silver.
D. Copper is more abundant than silver. Which of the following is the correct step by step process
in mineral processing?
Inappropriate farming method might increase the acidity A. Comminution, dewatering, crushing, grinding,
of the soil. Which of the following mineral can reduce and analysis
soil’s acidity? B. Sampling, analysis, comminution, filtration,
A. Coal C. Lime and dewatering
B. Gypsum D. Quartz C. Sampling analysis, comminution,
concentration, and dewatering
 D. Dewatering, comminution, analysis, sampling, B. Sampling D. Dewatering
and surface mining
Which of the following processes involved crushing and
Which of the following is not included in the group? grinding of mineral ore?
A. Dredging C. Strip mining A. Analysis C. Comminution
B. Open-pit mining D. Underground mining B. Sampling D. Dewatering

What method of mining involves digging of tunnels to Which of the following is a mineral ore?
extract the ore deposits?
A. Deep mining C. Underground mining A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 2, 3 and 4
B. Pit mining D. Surface mining B.1, 3 and 4 D.4, 2 and 1

Which mineral mining process involves filtration and Chromite miners in the Philippines use drill or explosive
sedimentation of the mining water and drying of the to bore hole in the ground to extract the mineral
solid minerals harvested from the suspension? deposits. Which mining method did the miners use?
A. Comminution C. Dewatering A. Dredging C. Strip mining
B. Concentration D. Sampling B. Open-pit mining D. Underground mining

Randie examined the ore sample from the undeveloped The following are the processes done by modern miners
mining site in Batangas. He tested the chemical, mineral to determine the prospective mineral ore body except
and particle size of the mineral sample from a site. What A. Using geophysical techniques
mineral processing did he perform? B. Determining the elevation of the area
A. Analysis C. Dewatering C. Measuring the magnetic reading of the area
B. Comminution D. Sampling D. Determining the sonic responses of the
location
Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
Black sand is mined at sea and coastline in some areas in
the Philippines. Which method is applicable to mine
A. 1 only C. 1 and 2 black sand?
B. 2 only D. 1 and 3 A. Dredging C. Strip Mining
B. Open-pit mining D. Underground mining
Which of the following is the final step in mineral
processing? Which is true about surface mining?
A. Analysis C. Dewatering A. It is the most dangerous method of mining.
B. Comminution D. Sampling B. Surface mining is expensive type of mining.
C. Surface mining can be done through creating
Which is not true about surface mining? a tunnel.
A. It is the most dangerous method of mining. D. It is used to extract ore minerals near the
B. It is used to extract ore minerals near the surface of the earth.
surface of the earth.
C. Surface mining can be done through open pit, Which of the following is the first step in mineral
dredging and strip mining. processing?
D. In surface mining, the soil and rock that A. Analysis C. Dewatering
covered the ores are removed through blasting. B. Comminution D. Sampling

Engr. Atienza took a sample of mineral from the Which of the following statement/s is/are incorrect?
prospective mineral deposit. What mineral processing
did he do?
A. Analysis C. Comminution A. 1 only C. 1 and 2
 B. 2 only D. 1 and 3 A. I only C. III only
B. II only D. I and II
Why is coal considered as a nonrenewable energy
source? Malampaya is one of the fossil fuel reservoirs of the
A. Because it is sustainable Philippines situated at the island of Palawan. What type
B. Because it is expensive to mine of fossil fuel is harnessed in it?
C. Because it takes millions of years to form A. Coal C. Natural Gas
D. Because it can be regenerated or replaced B. Coal and Oil D. Oil

Fossil fuels formed million years ago from different
materials. Which of the following are its component?
A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4
Which of the following contribute to the formation of
fossil fuels?
A. Water and air
B. Heat and pressure
C. Carbon and oxygen
D. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Coal is one of the major types of fossil fuels. In which
types of organic matter does coal come from?
A. Mostly algae
B. Marine organisms
C. Dissolve minerals from rocks
D. Forest trees, plants and marshes
Which of the following statement is correct?
A. Natural gas is not a fossil fuel.
B. Coal, natural gas, and oil are fossil fuels.
C. Fossil fuels are manmade energy source.
D. Coal is the most expensive energy source in
the world.
Based from the Department of Energy 2017 power
statistics, coal is the main source of energy in the
Philippines. What do you think might happen if coal
reserves run out?
A. It will result to decreasing number of air
pollutants.
B. It will decrease the energy resources present
in the Philippines.
C. It will not affect Philippines economy because
it is an infinite resource.
D. Both A & B
Which among the following fossil fuels is the cleanest,
odorless and colorless?
A. Coal C. Natural gas
B. Coal and oil D. Oil
Which of the following is the correct increasing order of
the types of coal based on the quality?
A. Anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and
lignite
B. Anthracite, lignite, bituminous and
subbituminous
C. Lignite, anthracite, subbituminous and
bituminous
D. Lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and
anthracite

Which of the following is an example of non-renewable Which of the following is the chronological order of fossil
energy? fuel formation?
A. Coal C. Water
B. Solar D. Wind

Which energy resource is derived from natural organic

materials?
A. Fossil fuels C. Solar A. I, II, III, IV C. II, IV, III, I
B. Geothermal D. Water B. I, III, II, IV D. II, III, IV, I

Which of the following statements is/are correct? What are the essential factors involved in the formation
of fossil fuel?
A. Pressure and temperature
 B. Pressure and low oxygen environment
C. Pressure, temperature and low oxygen
environment
D. Pressure, temperature and high oxygen
environment
Which of the following fossil fuel is formed from organic
materials which are mostly algae?
A. Carbon C. Oil
B. Natural gas D. Oil and coal
Nonrenewable energy resources are those that cannot
be readily replaced natural substance. Which of the
following are examples of renewable energy?
A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4
Which of the following is the correct decreasing order of
the types of coal based on the quality?
A. Anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and
lignite
B. Anthracite, lignite, bituminous and
subbituminous
C. Lignite, anthracite, subbituminous and
bituminous
D. Lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and
anthracite
Fossil fuels are formed million years ago from different
materials. Which of the following is not its component?
A. Remains of animals
B. Remains of bacteria
C. Remains of all vegetation
D. Remains of volcanic ashes
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
A. I, II and III C. I, II and IV
B. I, III and IV D. II, III and IV
Which of the following is the first event in fossil fuel
formation?
A. They are then able to turn it into products we
can use, such as petrol and diesel.
B. Millions of years ago, the remains of
prehistoric plants and animals were buried at the bottom
of the Earth.
C. The plants and animals remain were altered
chemically by this process and slowly changed into crude
oil and natural gas.
D. The mud sediment was buried by more
sediments and It started to change into rock as the
temperature and pressure increased.
Geothermal energy and hydropower are examples of
renewable resources because:
A. They are sourced from nature.
B. They can be replenished within human life
span.
C. They can sustain electricity to the community.
D. They never harm the environment.
The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of
geothermal power. This is because the country:
A. Is abundant in natural gas.
B. Is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
C. Has many rocky and high mountains.
D. Has numerous streams and rivers
Analogy: Heat pump: 50 – 60°F; _____: 300 – 700°F
A. Dry Steam Plants C. Binary Cycle Plants
B. Flash Steam Plants D. All of the above
At a geothermal power plant, wells are drilled 1 or 2
miles deep into the Earth. How does it work?
A. III – II – V – IV – I C. III – II – IV – V – I
B. III – V – II – IV – I D. III – IV – II – V – I
Which of the following is not a geologic indicator for
building geothermal power plant?
A. I, II, and IV only C. I and II only
B. I, II, and III only D. IV and V only
Geothermal energy comes from deep inside the earth
due to:
A. Slow decay of radioactive particles in the
earth's core.
B. Friction between tectonic plates.
C. Rotation of the earth in its axis.
D. Absorption of solar energy
The following are uses of geothermal energy except:
A. Bathing C. Milling
B. Heating D. Power generating
Which of the following is not true about the impact of
geothermal energy resource to the environment?
A. Geothermal power plants do not burn fuel to
generate electricity, so the levels of air pollutants they
emit are low.
B. Geothermal features in national parks, such as
geysers and fumaroles, making the site promotes
sustainability.
C. Most geothermal power plants inject the
geothermal steam and water that they use back into the
earth for recycling purposes.
D. The construction of geothermal power plants
destroy natural habitat disrupting ecological niche.
People have a long history of using the force of water
flowing in streams and rivers to produce mechanical
energy for
A. Milling C. Sewing
B. Cutting D. Molding
Which of the following are factors in generating
hydropower?
A. I, II and III only C. I and II only
B. II, III, and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
Hydroplants are completely free of greenhouse gas
emission. The statement is:
A. True, because hydropower is a renewable
energy resource.
B. True, because power generation is dependent
on water cycle only.
C. False, because carbon gas emission occurs
during construction.
D. False, because the energy conversion depletes
the oxygen content of the water.
Hydropower is largely dependent on
A. Carbon Cycle C. Water Cycle
B. Nitrogen Cycle D. Nutrient Cycle
Assessing the impact of plants, which of the following is
true about geothermal and hydropower in terms of
environmental concerns?
A. Geothermal is more environment friendly
than hydropower plant.
B. Hydropower is more environment friendly
than geothermal plant.
C. Both geothermal and hydropower plants are
environment friendly.
D. The impact of the power plants to the
environment depends on the situation.
Both geothermal and hydropower plants require
A. Turbine C. Transformer
B. Generator D. All of the above
Why Earth was known as the blue planet?
A. It appears bright blue from space because it is
covered with water
B. It is the color of the planet that is displayed
after absorbing sunlight
C. It is the color of the planet that is displayed by
reflecting heat from the sun
D. It appears to have a blue tint when seen from
space due to the color of the sky

Most of the water on Earth is _____.

Which of the following types of hydropower relies more
A. Freshwater C. Wet water
on the natural water flow rates, diverting just a portion
B. Saltwater D. Lake water
of river water through turbines, sometimes without the
use of a dam or reservoirs?
How much water is there on Earth?
A. Impoundment facilities
A. 75% C. 71%
B. Pumped storage system
B. 73% D. 70%
C. Run-of-river facilities
D. All of the above
Earth’s freshwater comes from? Which of the following is not surface water?
A. Seas A. Lakes C. Rivers
B. In storage tanks B. Spring D. Ponds
C. In icecaps and glaciers
D. Ocean tides and waves Which is not an activity that demonstrates conservation
of fresh water?
The following are kinds of water that are needed for A. Take shorter showers
agricultural purpose except one. B. Check your toilet leaks
A. Rainwater C. Ground water C. Install water-saving shower heads
B. Saline water D. surface water D. Leave the water running while brushing your
teeth.
Water from a river, lake or freshwater wetland is called?
A. Saltwater C. Groundwater Which of the following statements is true or false?
B. Freshwater D. Surface water

Which of the following statement is true or false?

A. Statements I and II are true
B. Statements I and III are true
C. Only statement I is true
D. Only statement II is false
Water sources found present on the surface of the earth
in the form of oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds and streams is
called?
A. Rain water C. Surface water
B. Fresh water D. Underground water
A. Statement I and II are true
B. Statement II is false
C. Statement III are true
D. All statements are true
Which of the following statement is not true?
A. Fresh water is a non-renewable resource.
B. Surface water is water in a river, lake or
freshwater wetland.
C. 97% of the water on Earth is salt water and
only 3% is fresh water
D. Groundwater is fresh water located in the
subsurface pore space of soil and rocks.

The following are reasons for water reduction except It consists about 68% of freshwater on Earth.
one. A. Rivers C. Groundwater
A. Overuse B. Swamps D. Icecaps and glaciers
B. Too much rain
C. Drying up of wells Why is surface water the most important water
D. Pollution on water resources resource?
A. Because it is rich in minerals.
Water that is collected on Earth in the form of surface B. Because it is often readily accessible.
water and underground water is called? C. Because it is clearer than the ground water.
A. Rain water C. Water vapor D. Because it is a small channel of water that
B. Lake water D. Ground water eventually runs into a river.

Which of the following is not a type of groundwater? The entire body of saltwater that covers about 71% of
A. Springs C. Infiltration Earth is _____.
B. Streams D. Open wells A. Lake C. Stream
B. Ocean D. Wetland
In what form does surface water is mostly found on
Earth? These are water found in rivers, glaciers, ice sheets and
A. Rivers C. Streams underground that contains little to zero salt.
B. Lakes D. Water vapor A. Ocean C. Salt water
 B. Glaciers D. Fresh water D. Don’t mind water leaks in school’s comfort
room anyway you’re not paying the bill?
What percent of Earth’s water is freshwater?
A. 3% C. 70% Which of the following can have serious detrimental
B. 79% D. 97% impact on water resources?
A. Human activities C. Inflation
Which of the following is a source of water from the B. Employment D. Virus
ground?
A. Lake C. Aquifer Which human activities threatened the quality of water?
B. Rainfall D. Reservoir A. Cleaning the seashore
B. Planting Trees
Sources of water that are in the form of rivers, lakes and C. Agriculture
swamps. D. Mining
A. Rain water C. Surface water
B. Fresh water D. Underground water What is produced in large amount as a result of land-use
like farming?
It is a manmade source of water that is manually A. Sediments C. Sand
operated pumps widely used for a variety of industrial, B. Water D. Soil
marine, irrigation and leisure activities.
A. Dams C. Tube wells All are threats to water resources, except:
B. Canal D. Hand pumps A. Farming
B. Growth of cities
Which of the following is a way to conserve water? C. Clearance of forest
A. Use hose to wash car. D. Closing of illegal mining
B. Check faucet and pipes for leak.
C. Leave the tap running while brushing your Building of infrastructures affects the quality of water.
teeth. The degradation of ecosystems helps the conservation of
D. Leave the shower flowing while you shampoo clean water.
your hair. A. Both statements are false
B. Both statements are correct.
Why do we need to conserve water? C. The first statement is correct, the second is
A. It is a limited resource. false
B. It is a renewable source. D. The second statement is correct, the first is
C. It is a non-renewable source. false
D. There is no need to conserve water.
Which of these practices show conservation of water?
Which of the following is a type of water pollution? A. Repair leaking faucets.
A. Oil spill B. Wash clothes everyday
B. Fish waste C. Take long shower when bathing
C. Sand from beaches D. Use running water when brushing teeth
D. People swimming from the ocean
Which of the following affects the quality of water?
The following are ways you can protect the water A. Wastes C. Precipitation
resources except one. B. Climate D. Hydropower plant
A. Handle and dispose waste properly.
B. Pour leftover water onto the garden. What is the massive driver of pollution?
C. Practice water conservation at home and A. Population C. Development
school. B. Urbanization D. Climate change
What human activity uses the most water?
A. Mining C. Agriculture This kind of pollution degrades watersheds from which
B. Industrial D. Construction we obtain water.
A. Chemicals C. Sediment
The Republic Act that aims to protect the country’s water B. Fertilizers D. Algae
bodies from pollution.
A. R.A. 9003 C. R.A.1995 What is the purpose of observing the quality water?
B. R.A. 8749 D. R.A. 9275 A. To advise the community to patronize water
refilling stations
The following are the Philippines’ main sources of water B. To know if the water is safe for human use
except C. To check clogging on the suction line
A. Rivers D. To become a responsible citizen
B. Ponds
C. Lakes What is the primary purpose of a preventive
D. Groundwater reservoirs maintenance program?
A. To access the budget intended for repair
Which of the following has the lowest distribution of B. To calibrate equipment breakdowns
water on Earth? C. To minimize record of spare parts
A. River C. Glaciers D. To avoid future equipment problems
B. Ocean D. Ground water
What is a measure of the light-transmitting properties of
People living in the area where there is not enough water and is comprised of suspended and colloidal
supply of surface water tends to frequently pump water material?
from the ground. What would be the result of this A. Odor C. Taste
activity? B. Color D. Turbidity
A. Restoration C. Depletion
B. Abundance D. Wealth What affects the chemical characteristics of water?
A. Temperature
Which is the best solution to restore water? B. Organic materials
A. Dispose trash anywhere C. Colloidal materials
B. Avoid the use of chemical D. Microbial transformations
C. Enjoy water supply to the fullest
D. Pumping should be free all the time It is the ethical use and protection of valuable resources.
A. Environment act C. Consumption
What describes the condition of the drinking water? B. Conservation D. Utilization
A. Quality C. Availability
B. Suitability D. Capability As a student, how will you promote water conservation
effectively?
Which human activities promote the quality of water? A. Through vlogs
A. Cleaning of the seashore B. By posting updates about water resources
B. Practice surface mining C. By conducting a seminar on water
C. Deforestation conservation
D. Urban growth D. By practicing simple but effective tips of water
conservation
Which is not a cause of sedimentation in aquatic areas?
A. Agriculture It is one of the most serious threats to water resources
B. Reforestation which often take place through changes of landscapes.
C. Urban growth A. Catastrophe C. Reforestation
D. Practice surface mining B. Degradation D. Climate change
 A. Construction and Development
It is the activity that extracts valuable minerals or other B. Farming
geological materials from the Earth. C. Mining
A. Sedimentation C. Agriculture D. Waste Disposal
B. Urbanization D. Mining
Soil is composed of _____.
What is the quantity of water that can be used for human A. Organic matter produced by organisms
purposes without significant harm to ecosystems or B. Fragments of bedrock
other users? C. Clay minerals formed by the chemical
A. Quality C. Capability alteration of bedrock
B. Suitability D. Availability D. All of these

Why is there a scarcity of potable water supply? What is the first option in the waste management
A. Water resources nowadays are polluted hierarchy?
B. Inappropriate utilization of water A. Disposal C. Recycling
C. Pumping is not regulated B. Treatment D. Reduction
D. Deforestation
People often add nutrients to soil in the form of organic
What threat is brought by sedimentation to water and or artificial fertilizers to make their crops grow better.
aquatic inhabitants? A. Construction and Development
A. Lowers water temperature B. Farming
B. Fosters the fish eggs and small organisms C. Mining
C. Increases the amount of sunlight that D. Waste Disposal
penetrates the water
D. Harms plants and animals by carrying toxic Which types of waste is produced by stripping land to
chemicals into the water obtain ores?
A. Mining waste C. Agricultural waste
Harmful materials created by human activities such as B. Municipal waste D. Industrial waste
the throwing of waste and burning affect the quality of
rainwater and water resources both above and below This is a major input into agriculture to provide stable
ground. Which phenomenon occurs in this scenario? optimum growing conditions, meet plant nutrient
A. Pollution C. Climate change demand and maintain a balanced nutrient.
B. Deforestation D. Landscape changes A. Lime and mineral fertilizers
B. Growing plants
Which is not part of the environment? C. Desertification
A. Soil C. Living organism D. Herbicides
B. Water D. None of the above
These are diverse group of chemicals used to control
Which one involves land preparation for crops planting insects and other harmful organism to cultivate plants
by cutting trees and other plants followed by plowing the and animals.
soil? A. Growing Plants
A. Construction and Development B. Veterinary Medicines
B. Farming C. Pesticides
C. Mining D. Tillage
D. Waste Disposal
It is generated operation in large amount of rocks and
Which process involves improper disposal of waste soils are removed to extract the valuable ores and the
products with hazardous chemicals that cause soil waste materials are left outside the site.
pollution? A. Construction and Development
 B. Farming A. Indigenous crop C. Maintaining PH
C. Mining B. Crop rotation D. All of the above
D. Waste Disposal
Soil conservation is
It is a common form of waste derived from farming and A. A combination of practices used to protect the
poultry. soil from degradation.
A. Construction and Development B. A set of standards for using the soil in relation
B. Agricultural Waste to current situations.
C. Mining C. A process of studying the soil profile.
D. Waste Disposal D. A policy of declaring a soil area to be
protected for future use.
It is hazardous chemicals that get into the soil can harm
plants when they take up the contamination through Which of the following are best reasons for doing soil
their roots. conservation methods?
A. Construction and Development
B. Agricultural Waste
C. Mining
D. Waste Disposal A. I and II only C. I, II and III only
B. II and II only D. II, III and IV only
The main effect on soil organisms and consequently on
soil health is indirect.
Why is planting trees help in conserving the soil? It is
A. Irrigation and drainage
because
B. Agricultural Waste A. It helps in maintaining soil moisture content.
C. Mining
B. Its roots hold the soil firmly avoiding erosion.
D. Waste Disposal
C. It gives nourishment to the soil.
D. All of the above
People need to dig up the soil which causes it to wash or
blow away because its protective plant cover has been
It is a leveled section of a hilly cultivated area.
removed to make roads, houses, shopping malls, and
A. Hill C. Valley
other buildings.
B. Terrace D. Mountain
A. Construction and Development
B. Farming
Which of the following is a process that involves planting
C. Mining
seeds into the residue of the previous crop?
D. Waste Disposal
A. Contour Farming C. Crop Rotation
B. No-Till Farming D. Strip Cropping
Based on the selection, which of the following is the
organic and inorganic materials on the surface of the
This practice of farming on slopes considers the slope
earth that provide the medium for plant growth?
gradient and the elevation of soil along the slope.
A. Food C. Soil A. No-Till Farming C. Strip Cropping
B. Animals D. Water
B. Crop Rotation D. Contour Farming

What are the main activities that affect soil resources?

Which of the following is/are advantage of crop rotation?
A. Construction and development
B. Farming
C. Mining
D. All of the above
A. I only C. II and III only
B. I and II only D. I, II and III
These are remarkable ways to protect and conserve the
soil.
The soil contamination can be indicated by its pH level. It is a method of growing a series of dissimilar crops in an
The statement is area which helps in the improvement of soil structure
A. True, because it may be due to addition of and fertility.
acidic or basic pollutants. A. Contour Farming C. Crop Rotation
B. False, because the soil has its own way of B. No-Till Farming D. Strip Cropping
controlling pH level
C. True, because additional nutrients will always Which of the following is a method helps in slowing the
make the soil acidic water runoff and prevents soil from being washed away
D. False, because low amount of nutrients will along the slope?
make the soil basic. A. Crop Rotation C. No-Till Farming
B. Contour Farming D. Strip Cropping
Watering the plants is beneficial to soil because it
prevents Which of these terms refer to the unwanted substances
A. Compaction C. Sedimentation need to disposed?
B. Erosion D. Eutrophication A. Compost C. Solid waste
B. Plastic D. Waste
The salinity of soil
A. Increases when there is an excessive amount Approximately, how many years does it take for a plastic
of acids. bottle to break down?
B. Decreases when there is an insufficient A. 150 C. 700
amount of acids. B. 450 D. 1000
C. Increases when there is an excessive amount
of salts. Containers, jars and bottles are examples of what type of
D. Decreases when there is an insufficient waste?
amount of salts. A. Hazardous waste C. Organic waste
B. Liquid waste D. Solid waste
They are important organisms for the nitrogen cycle.
A. Earthworms C. Rodents Which of the following is an example of hazardous
B. Millipedes D. Bacteria waste?
A. Bottle C. Meat
Which of the following will happen when salinity of the B. Batteries D. Paper
soil has increased?
Farmers regularly used pesticides in their farms; they
considered pesticides as what type of waste?
A. Agricultural waste C. Industrial waste
B. Fishery waste D. Municipal waste
A. I only C. I and II only
B. II only D. I, II and III
Jose is an advocate of proper waste disposal and
encourages other students to practice recycling.
Different plants/ crops require certain pH level. The
According to Jose, which of the following items can be
statement is
recycled?
A. True, because pH level depends on the
A. Aluminum cans C. Paper cups
amount of nutrients
B. Card boards D. All of the above
B. False, because pH level depends on the
amount of humus
People in the community strictly followed the local
C. True, because high pH level is required by
government ordinances when it comes to waste
plants to grow.
management. Which color of garbage bag do they use for
D. False, because low pH level is required by
non-recyclable waste?
plants to grow.
A. Black C. Green
 B. Only solid waste that is considered toxic and
B. Blue D. Yellow chemically reactive
C. Any solid, liquid or gaseous waste that is
In XYZ power plant, dissolution of radioactive nuclides considered toxic and chemically reactive
are processed and filtered to the atmosphere. What type D. Only gaseous waste that is considered toxic
of waste is being generated by the power plant? and chemically reactive
A. Biomedical waste C. Liquid waste
B. Gaseous waste D. Solid waste What methods of waste disposal are approved by the
Philippine Republic Act 9003?
Substances that are unsafe to use commercially are A. Attenuation and composting
considered hazardous. Which of the following is NOT a B. Incineration and pyrolysis
property of hazardous waste? C. Landfills and 3 R’s
A. Corrosive C. Reactive D. Incineration and burning
B. Malleable D. Toxic
Paints, solvents, and cleaning agents is an example of
When classifying waste at home, Jana knows that _____ _____.
is a solid waste and _____ is a liquid waste. A. Hazard waste C. Organic waste
A. Bottle, detergent C. Bottle, tin can B. Liquid waste D. Solid waste
B. Can, plastic bag D. Egg shell, steel
Which of following is an improper way of disposing waste
What type of waste is commonly found in coastal and materials?
estuarine areas? A. Recycling and reusing waste materials
A. E-waste C. Municipal waste B. Using waste food to make compost
B. Fishery waste D. Radioactive waste C. Burying waste materials in landfills
D. Burning rubbish in the open
What is E-waste?
A. Eco-friendly waste Which type of waste includes viscera, scales and fish
B. Hazardous chemical waste bones?
C. Obsolete electronically waste A. Agricultural
D. Waste from nuclear power plant B. Biomedical
C. Fishery waste
In times of Covid-19 pandemic, many people used D. Municipal solid waste
facemask to protect themselves. As a responsible citizen,
disposable facemask should be put in a _____ container. Which of these places contribute a lot in the country’s
A. Hazardous waste C. Organic waste waste?
B. Liquid waste D. Solid waste A. Region I
B. Region III
Dealing with waste management is very important task C. Region IV
because of the _____. D. National Capital Region
A. Infrastructure consideration
B. Large volume of waste produced in the Maria religiously practices segregation of waste at home.
community Which of these is correctly done by Maria?
C. Environmental pollution A. Animal manure has its own septic tank
D. All of the above B. Burning of organic waste
C. Use the seashore as dumpsite
Which is the appropriate definition of hazardous waste? D. Throwing tin cans in the river
A. Only liquid wastes that is considered toxic and
chemically reactive Mrs. De Chavez plans to renovate her ancestral house.
She knows that construction and demolition debris can
be collected by the local garbage collectors because When classifying waste at home, Jerry knows that _____
_____. is a liquid waste and _____ is a solid waste.
A. It is municipal solid waste. A. Bottle, detergent
B. It is an organic waste. B. Can, plastic bag
C. It can be burned. C. Detergent, paper towel
D. It is non-recyclable. D. Egg shell, ceramic vase

Which of these groups of people contribute a lot in the Carlos regularly used compost in his vegetable farm; he
production of waste? considered compost as what type of waste?
A. People in urban places A. Agricultural waste
B. People in rural areas B. Non-biodegradable waste
C. People lives in the mountain C. Organic waste
D. People in a faraway island D. Radioactive waste

When waste materials are corrosive, chemically reactive What process occurs when solid waste is burned?
and flammable, they are considered _____. A. Composting C. Incineration
A. Biomedical waste B. Erosion D. Recycling
B. Biodegradable waste
C. Hazardous waste What refers to waste that contain unstable atoms?
D. Non-biodegradable waste A. Corrosive C. Flammable
B. Explosive D. Radioactive
Which of these practices adhere to the 3R’s waste
management? Which of these are liquid and solid wastes which are
A. Using disposable paper plates generated by manufacturing and processing units of
B. Using aluminum foil for food various industries?
C. Using zip lock bag for sandwiches A. Agricultural wastes C. Industrial wastes
D. Using dish cloth in the kitchen B. Biomedical wastes D. Radioactive waste

Wash water and rain are classified as liquid waste, while Which of these wastes are generated from farming
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide as gaseous waste. activities?
A. The first statement is true while the second is A. Agricultural wastes C. E-wastes
false. B. Biomedical wastes D. Fishery wastes
B. The first statement is false while the second is
true. It refers to waste that react very quickly when exposed
C. Both statements are true. to air or water and explodes when dropped?
D. Both statements are false. A. Corrosive C. Flammable
B. Explosive D. radioactive excretion
Approximately, how many kilograms of waste are
produced by an individual in the country per day? It is also known as moist waste.
A. 1 kg C. 0.5 kg A. Biodegradable waste
B. 1.5 kg D. 0.7 kg B. Non- Biodegradable waste
C. Recyclable waste
Which groups of wastes belong to industrial waste? D. Non-recyclable waste
A. Coal, petroleum, metals
B. Old CPU and flash drive The conversion of waste material into new products and
C. Radio isotopes and chemical sludge aims to reduce strain on the environment by minimizing
D. Woods, manure, papers the waste that is added to the water, air and land is
known as:
A. Open Dumping C. Landfill
 B. Incineration D. Recycling Which of the following hazardous substances when
contaminate the soil and water can cause kidney
Which of the following statements is correct about damage?
plastic? A. Chlorinated substance
A. Plastic is not biodegradable and some types B. Petro-chemicals
can be recycled. C. Heavy metals
B. Plastic is not biodegradable and some types D. Nitrates
cannot be recycled
C. Plastic is biodegradable and some types can be Contamination of nitrates on soil is cause by manure
recycled. from livestock operations, the following are the effects
D. Plastic is biodegradable and some types of nitrates except for
cannot be recycled A. Algae bloom
B. Metabolic disorders
Which of the following group age is more vulnerable C. Eutrophication
when exposed to hazardous waste? D. “Blue baby syndrome”
A. Children C. Adulthood
B. Teenager D. Middle age Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water can
cause
Which of the following gas is explosive and contributes A. Skeletal system damage
to the greenhouse effect? B. Cancer in the skin
A. Nitrogen C. Oxygen C. Dental problems
B. Methane D. Carbon dioxide D. Liver damage

How does your community normally dispose large The effects of pesticides present in water are
volume of waste? reproductive and endocrine damage in wild life, it is
A. Ocean dumping C. Sanitary land fill cause by
B. Recycling D. Incineration A. Runoff from farms C. Deep sea
B. Forest D. Rivers
Which of the integrated waste management is reduced
on an individual level? Contamination results when hazardous substance are
A. Source reduction C. Disposal spilled or buried in the soil. It also occurs when pollutants
B. Recycling D. Burning settle on the soil and plants in contaminated soil absorb
hazardous substances. How does human or animal
How does organic material in the buried solid waste will affect by this contamination?
decompose?
A. By the flow of water
B. By the soil particles
C. By the action of oxidation
D. By the action of microorganisms A. I, II, III C. III, IV, I
B. II, III, IV D. IV, II, I
Why the recycled paper is banned for use in food
containers? What refers to any material that can be harmful to
A. Because it creates a lot of spaces human health or the environment if not properly
B. Because it creates contamination disposed?
C. Because paper can be used only one time A. Biodegradable waste C. Paper
D. Because paper is very thick and can’t cover the B. Hazardous waste D. Plastics
food containers
What substance can be broken down and recycled by
bacteria and other decomposers?
 A. Biodegradable C. Paper
B. Landfills D. Resins Waste which are harmful or fatal when ingested or
absorb.
Which of the following is an example result of long-term A. Corrosive C. Reactive
exposure to hazardous wastes? B. Toxicity D. Mixed waste
A. Asthma C. Cancer
B. Breathing difficulties D. Internal bleeding Which of the following is a nonhazardous waste?
A. Garbage C. Heavy metals
What wastes were dissolved or eaten through many B. Solvents acid D. Pesticides
materials?
A. Corrosive C. Radioactive Fluoride is a natural content of water. Large amount on
B. Explosive D. Toxic it will produce dental problems and
A. Muscle rigidity C. Eye irritation
DEHA stands for B. Bone damage D. Skin cancer
A. Diethylhydroxylamine
B. Diethylhydroxylamide Harmful greenhouse gases are created from what type of
C. Diethylhydroxylamime waste?
D. Diethylhydroxylamife A. Decomposing waste
B. Municipal solid waste
Which one of the following is not normally a pollutant? C. Hazardous waste
A. Carbon dioxide C. Sulphur dioxide D. Leachate
B. Carbon monoxide D. Hydrocarbons
Cattle waste is an example of what kind of sources of
Exposure to improperly handled wastes can cause the waste?
following which is not included? A. Industrial Waste C. Domestic Waste
A. Skin irritations and blood infections B. Commercial Waste D. Agricultural Waste
B. Respiratory and growth problems
C. Nervous and skeletal problems What element composes the ozone layer?
D. Reproductive issues A. Carbon C. Hydrogen
B. Helium D. Oxygen
Untreated sewages can destroy and suffocate marine
habitats. How is the hydrosphere distinct from the other
A. Soil contamination subsystems?
B. Air contamination A. It gives food for living organisms.
C. Water contamination B. It offers shelter for land animals.
D. Human contamination C. It provides natural resources such as minerals
and rocks.
Which of the following refers to the waste materials D. It provides water for organisms which enable
produced in homes, businesses, schools and other places organisms to function properly.
in a community?
A. Incineration The atmosphere serves as envelop which protects the
B. Landfills earth. Which of the following is true about atmosphere?
C. Leachate A. It includes all flying organisms.
D. Municipal solid waste B. It serves as the Earth’s blanket.
C. It is affected by temperature and salinity.
Mosquitoes breed in cans and tires that collect water, D. It is composed of the different landforms of
and can carry diseases such as the Earth.
A. Salmonellosis C. Dengue
B. Leptospirosis D. Diarrhea How is biosphere different from the other subsystems?
 A. It is dependent only on hydrosphere and
geosphere.
B. It is composed of all living organisms.
C. It is composed of soil, rocks, and minerals.
D. It provides air which supports respiratory
processes of living organisms.
Why are hydrosphere and geosphere involved in the
given scenario below?
A. Flood, soil, and rock are components of
hydrosphere.
B. Soil is part of geosphere while rock is a part of
hydrosphere.
C. Flood is a component of hydrosphere while
soil and rock are components of geosphere.
D. Flood is a part of geosphere while soil is a
component of biosphere.
What is the reason why the atmosphere is essential to
life?
A. It only provides blanket the covers the ears
the earth’s surface.
B. It solely gives oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C. It regulates the earth’s temperature over a
period of time.
D. It provides the gases essential to life and for
organisms to perform bodily processes.
Why are the subsystems interconnected to each other?
A. They have the same composition and
characteristics.
B. They can alter the flow energy in a minimal
amount.
C. They work together to influence the climate,
trigger geological processes, and affect life all over the
Earth.
D. They are all composed of living things that
influence the flow of matter.
What is the reason why geosphere is important?
A. It provides the environment for all living things
to live in and survive.
B. It is the physical sphere that is made up of only
molten rock and other materials.
C. It sustains proper amount of water.
D. It regulates the internal and external heat of
the earth.
Taal Volcano spews gases and ashes into air. How does
this scenario affect the atmosphere?
A. It decreases the air pressure in the area.
B. It increases the humidity in the area near the
volcano.
C. It lessens the atmospheric temperature in the
area.
D. It affects the amount of gases in the
atmosphere through its emitted gases.
Why is biosphere important to biodiversity?
A. It provides gases needed for respiration.
B. It prolongs life on earth through the
circulation of proper amount of water.
C. It has vital role in climate change.
D. It is home to biodiversity within ecosystems
and provides a reliable source of food.
Which refers to the color of the mineral in its powdered
form, which may or may not be the same color as the
mineral?
A. Cleavage C. Luster
B. Color D. Streak
Which of the following demonstrates importance of
minerals in construction?
A. Water is used in curing works that strengthen
concrete.
B. Builders use wood materials like plywood in
construction.
C. Concrete which contains minerals is used to lay
down foundation in construction
D. All the above
How does society utilize quartz as one of the important
minerals?
A. Medical practitioners use quartz in cancer
diagnosis and treatment.
B. In agriculture, quartz is the most important
components of fertilizer.
C. In constructions, engineers use glass made of
quartz as window or wall panels.
D. In mining, quartz is used as cutting tool for
other mineral extractions.
Why is Titanium an important mineral in medical
industry?
A. It is non-allergenic metal which makes it
suitable for prosthetics.
 B. Its durability and weight make it an effective
choice for surgical instruments.
C. Titanium’s biocompatibility makes it safe for
dental implants.
D. All of the above
How does toothpaste help in fighting tooth decay?
A. It contains calcium which is the building blocks
of strong teeth.
B. Calcium carbonate found in toothpaste helps
in removing plaque and stains.
C. Its active ingredient, Fluoride, protects teeth
from acids that are formed in the mouth.
D. Sodium in Sodium lauryl sulfate which is also
found in toothpaste protects teeth from gum disease.
In cosmetic products, colored mineral is very important.
Which mineral is usually used for red lipstick?
A. Aluminite C. Galena
B. Bauxite D. Hematite
Desert rose is very important in making cement because:
A. It contains mineral gypsum.
B. It contains mineral limestone.
C. It contains carbonates mineral.
D. All the above
Why is chromium an important mineral in structural
manufacturing industry?
A. Compound of chromium is used in making
pigments for paintings.
B. Chromium produces compound that is used in
making plastics and textiles.
C. When mixed with iron, the alloy produced
forms stainless steel that is resistant to rust.
D. All of the above
Zinc oxide is best barrier against ultraviolet rays. In which
product is it most likely used?
A. Antifungal cream
B. Lotion
C. Swimming pool water
D. Textile making
Which of the following elemental mineral is used by
nuclear plant to generate electricity?
A. Cobalt-200 C. Thorium-238
B. Neptunium-180 D. Uranium-235
Which of the following are the uses of minerals?
A. I and II C. III and IV
B. II and III D. I, II, III, and IV
Silicon is not a metal but is a good conductor. In which
products do you expect Silicon to be used with this
property?
A. Fiber glass C. LCD displays
B. Electric circuits D. Rubber
Overtime soil loses its fertility due to farming activities.
To maintain the productivity of farming lands, nutrients
are replenished by adding fertilizer made primarily of:
A. Aluminum, iron and copper
B. Potassium, nitrogen, and carbon
C. Calcium, magnesium and potassium
D. Potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen
Daniel, a 40-year-old factory worker, recently learned
that zinc is a common mineral that is essential to keep a
healthy human body. He then decided to take
supplements with zinc. How does Zinc help Daniel in
keeping his body healthy?
A. It keeps the skin healthy and radiant.
B. It is essential for the immune system to
properly work.
C. It regulates cell division and tissue repair in
wounds.
D. It is important in building tissue for growth
and development.
Which of the following are the uses of minerals?
A. I and II C. III and IV
B. II and III D. I, II, III, and IV
Over time, different types of batteries are developed,
produced, and used by society. Minerals below are
extensively used in the production of these batteries.
Which among the minerals are used in electric car
batteries?
 B. I and III are true; II and IV are false.
C. I and IV are true; II and III are false.
D. All statements are true

A. I and II C. III and IV The paper used in magazine cover are specially made to
B. II and III D. I and IV be glossy and smooth.
What mineral gives this kind of paper a glossy look?
Minerals are not only used in manufacturing industry. A. Diamond powder C. Kaolin clay
Common households also make use of minerals for B. Gold bits D. Whale fat
everyday use. Which of the statement best describes
minerals as important part of a household? At a young age, Eve has developed rickets, a condition
A. Danny uses earthen oven to boil water. that affects bone development in children. She
B. Linda uses salt in enhancing flavors of the experiences bone pain and has soft and weak bones that
food. lead to bone deformities. Which mineral is Eve lacking for
C. Vella uses toothpaste to prevent tooth decay. her bone condition?
D. All of the above A. Calcium C. Magnesium
B. Iron D. Zinc
Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is less
corrosive, therefore it is best used for _____. Which property of Aluminum makes it useful in making
A. Cooking C. Plumbing aircraft?
B. Electrical wiring D. All of the above A. Light C. Less corrosive
B. Durable D. All of the above
Although gold is generally known in jewelries industry,
they are also used in other products like cellphones and Graphite is one of many forms of carbon with crystalline
computers. What characteristics of gold is important for structure that allows layers to slide over each other
this purpose? easily. In which product is graphite commonly used
A. Good conductor C. Metallic because of this property?
B. Less Corrosive D. All of the above A. Ink C. Pencil
B. Paper D. Carbon paper
Why is Titanium widely used in prosthetics over plastic,
wood, and rubber? Which set of minerals are necessary in making fertilizer?
A. Titanium alloy is cheaper over other materials. A. Aluminum, iron and copper
B. Prostheses made of Titanium is easy to B. Potassium, nitrogen, and carbon
produce. C. Calcium, magnesium and potassium
C. Titanium has biocompatibility which makes it D. Potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen
suitable for implants.
D. Titanium alloys are lighter compared to Uranium is a heavy radioactive element from mineral
plastic, wood, and rubber. uraninite. Although uranium is radioactive which makes
it harmful to human upon exposure, it is very useful to
Plaster: gypsum; Toothpaste: _____ society because it is important in _____.
A. Fluorite C. Sodium A. Food production
B. Gold D. Mercury B. Generation of electricity
How does society benefit from using kitchen wares made C. Cleaning of coastal water
of aluminum over other materials such as iron cast and D. Decomposition of solid waste
stainless steel?
Farming is part of agriculture and before raising a crop,
the soil is prepared by loosening the soil using tractors.
Which of the following substances is produced in large
A. I and II are true; III and IV are false. amounts as a result of this activity?
 A. Sediments C. Sand
B. Water D. Soil What particular substance present in our planet that
provides medium for different life processes to occur?
Analyze the statements. Which of the following A. Gases C. Minerals
statements describe a great impact on the quality of B. Rocks D. Water
water?
Earth is most similar in mass and density to which solar
system object?
A. I only C. I and II A. Deimos C. Mars
B. II only D. I and III B. Jupiter D. Venus

What is the role of man in the ecosystem? Gravity is what holds the planets in orbit around the sun.
A. Steward God's creation Which in the given planets has the most gravity?
B. Abuse power over nature A. Earth C. Uranus
C. Transform nature for human convenience B. Mars D. Venus
D. Enjoy the use of resources beyond limitations
When Earth is seen from outer space, it looks mainly
It helps sustain life on Earth including _____. blue. This is because most of the Earth is covered with?
A. Air C. Soil A. Desert C. Mountains
B. Water D. All of the above B. Ice D. Ocean

Which of the following ways to protect and prevent The _____ is a mixture of gases that surrounds the
depletion of the soil? planet.
A. Fertilization A. Atmosphere C. Lithosphere
B. Control Storm Water B. Exosphere D. Troposphere
C. Afforestation
D. Monitor Growth Animals and plants needing water to survive show which
two systems interacting?
What will happen if soil is exposed to any human activity? A. Atmosphere and Biosphere
A. Soil will become fertile. B. Biosphere and Hydrosphere
B. Soil amount will decrease. C. Geosphere and Atmosphere
C. Soil amount will increase. D. Hydrosphere and Geosphere
D. Soil loss may occur.
These are bacteria that can tolerate extreme
What planet has an atmosphere’s composition of 77% temperatures (41 to 122 °C) commonly associated with
Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen and 1% Argon according to NASA’s hot springs and deep- sea hydrothermal vents.
findings on 2015? A. Acidophilic C. Psychrophilic
A. Earth C. Mars B. Parasites D. Thermophiles
B. Jupiter D. Venus
What are the factors that make a planet habitable?
Planets are classified according to size. The smaller ones A. Atmosphere
are called the terrestrial, have solid surfaces, dense and B. Energy and Nutrients
metallic core while the bigger ones are known as Jovian, C. Temperature
and have gaseous surfaces and core of lesser density. D. All of the Above
Which set of planets are classified as terrestrial?
A. Earth, Mars, Uranus, Neptune Below are characteristics of Earth, the possible reasons
B. Jupiter, Venus, Earth, Saturn why life exists in this planet except for?
C. Mercury, Pluto, Saturn, Venus A. Insulating atmosphere
D. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars B. Magnetic field
 C. Methane B. Math D. Life
D. Presence of water
Part of the atmosphere that protects us from the direct
Density plays a vital role in determining a planet’s surface hit of solar radiation.
gravity and is intrinsic to understanding how planet A. Air C. Gases
formed. Which among the planets has the highest B. Ozone Layer D. Water
density?
A. Earth C. Mars “Hydro” means _____.
B. Jupiter D. Mercury A. Sphere C. Life
B. Earth D. Water
Earth’s atmosphere contains water vapor and carbon
dioxide. These greenhouse gases are important because Photosynthesis is an example of an interaction between
they _____. the biosphere and the:
A. Are substances animals need to breath A. Atmosphere C. Biosphere
B. Create Earth’s gravitational field B. Lithosphere D. Hydrosphere
C. Protect against magnetic particles
D. Trap thermal energy in the atmosphere What is the Earth’s largest subsystem?
A. Biosphere C. Hydrosphere
What does most every living thing need to survive? B. Geosphere D. Atmosphere
A. Ice C. Plasma
B. Liquid water D. Steam What is the Earth’s outermost system?
A. Atmosphere C. Biosphere
If Earth were much smaller than it is now, it would not B. Hydrosphere D. Lithosphere
support life because it would not have enough mass to
_____. The earth’s four subsystems are _____.
A. Collect needed radiant energy from the sun A. Independent from one another
B. Have a sufficient gravity to hold an B. All part of the atmosphere
atmosphere C. All connected
C. Maintain a gravitational pull on the moon D. Not important for life on earth
D. Rotate on its axis
Approximately, what percentage of the Earth’s water is
All living things on earth are part of the _____. available for human use?
A. Biosphere C. Hydrosphere A. 100% C. 1%
B. Lithosphere D. Atmosphere B. 5% D. 50%

The Lithosphere is _____. All of the water in all forms that falls from the
A. All liquid water on Earth atmosphere to the Earth is known as:
B. A 100km thick layer of gases A. Rain C. Weather
C. Frozen water on earth B. Precipitation D. Hydrosphere
D. Earth’s entire solid body
Fresh water is important for life on Earth because:
A large part of Earth’s water is _____. A. Without fresh water sources, people will get
A. In the oceans sick and die
B. In the seas B. We need water to grow food
C. Frozen C. The biosphere needs water
D. In the biosphere D. All of the above

“Bio” from the word biosphere means _____. This photo is mainly showing an example of the:
A. Science C. Earth
 Which does not belong to the physical properties of
minerals?
A. Cleavage C. Radioactivity
B. Fracture D. Specific gravity

It is formed when magma solidifies.

A. Igneous rock C. Sedimentary rock
B. Metamorphic rock D. Volcanic rock
A. Hydrosphere C. Atmosphere
B. Lithosphere D. Biosphere The tendency of some minerals to break along flat
surfaces is called _____.
What is an example of a connection between A. Cleavage C. Fracture
atmosphere and lithosphere? B. Crystal habit D. Streak
A. Water
B. Nitrogen A scale used to measure and express the hardness of
C. Volcanic eruptions release gas minerals is known as _____.
D. Mountains A. Richter scale
B. Seismograph
An example of connection between atmosphere and C. Scintillometer
hydrosphere. D. Mohs hardness scale
A. Rivers C. Lakes
B. Rain D. Rocks The size, shape and arrangement of mineral grains or
crystals in a rock.
An example of biosphere connecting to atmosphere. A. Streak C. Fracture
A. Plants produce oxygen B. Texture D. Crystal face
B. Animals eat plants
C. Animals live in caves A consolidated aggregate of various types of minerals or
D. Animals drink water a consolidated aggregate of multiple grains of the same
kind of mineral is called _____.
An example of connection between hydrosphere and A. Bedrock C. Magma
lithosphere is: B. Crystalline D. Rock
A. Boats transporting goods
B. Fish swimming in water The sequence of events in which rocks are formed,
C. Water evaporating to make clouds destroyed, altered and reformed by geological
D. Waves eroding rocks on beach processes.
A. Weathering C. Lithification
Building blocks of rocks. B. Rock cycle D. Bedding
A. Sediments C. Igneous rocks
B. Minerals D. Crusts Which of the following best describes a sedimentary
rock?
A fundamental component of matter that cannot be A. Can be classified based on the grain size
broken into simpler particles by ordinary chemical B. Forms where there are bodies of water and
processes. usually contains fossils within it
A. Atom C. Element C. Undergone with the process of cooling and
B. Compound D. Mineral crystallization
D. Can transform into other rock depending on
It refers to the color of the fine powder of a mineral. what process applied to it
A. Color C. Luster
B. Gravity D. Streak
Which of the following locations describes one example
of a place where igneous rocks are forming?
A. In a streambed or riverside
B. On the surface of the seafloor
C. Everywhere beneath the earth's surface
D. Near or below an active volcano
How does the igneous rock form?
A. By solidification
B. By cementation
C. By heat and pressure
D. By weathering
Which of the following shows the sequence on how an
igneous rock could change into metamorphic rock then
into magma?
A. Melting → crystallization → heat and pressure
B. Melting → heat and pressure → crystallization
C. Crystallization → melting → heat and pressure
D. crystallization → heat and pressure → melting
How do you classify metamorphic?
A. According to the presence of silica
B. According to the place where it formed
C. According to its banded appearance
D. According to its mineral composition
Where extrusive igneous rocks could be found?
A. Near volcanoes
B. Deep inside the crust
C. On magma hotspot
D. Near water bodies
Rocks that have been subjected to tremendous heat
and/or pressure, causing them to change into another
type of rock are called:
A. Igneous C. Metamorphic
B. Sedimentary D. All of the above
Rocks that are formed from sediments that have settled
at the bottom of a
lake, sea or ocean are called:
A. Igneous C. Metamorphic
B. Sedimentary D. All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of igneous
rocks?
A. Found near volcanic or previously volcanic
regions
B. Contain skeletons of sea creatures
C. Formed in layers
D. Subjected to heat and pressure
Which statement about the rock cycle is not true?
A. Cementation is a process that leads to
sedimentary rocks.
B. When heat is applied to a rock and it melts, it
forms a metamorphic rock.
C. A sedimentary rock in the future may change
into another type of sedimentary rock
D. Solidification is always needed to form an
igneous rock.
On Moh's hardness scale, which of the following minerals
is harder than quartz?
A. Apatite C. Gypsum
B. Diamond D. Talc
The color of the powder that a mineral leaves on a piece
of white, unglazed porcelain is called the mineral's
_____.
A. Hardness C. Scratch
B. Luster D. Streak
The most common classification of minerals is based on?
A. Chemical size C. Shape
B. Color D. Size
Which is not a major limitation in predicting future
mineral resource costs and availability?
A. Inability to predict new discoveries of major
mineral resources and reserves
B. Lack of basic knowledge of the types of rocks
and geologic environments that mineral resources are
found in
C. Inability to predict what technology will be
available in the future for extracting minerals
D. Lack of understanding about the
environmental consequences of extracting minerals
Which determines whether a metallic element becomes
concentrated in the liquid fraction during magmatic
segregation?
A. Its density
B. Its conductivity
C. Its susceptibility to magnetic fields
D. Its compatibility in early crystallizing minerals
Which is a not an example of an industrial material or Minerals can be found in many of the products that we
mineral deposit? know and love. In fact, we use or consume more than
A. Quartz C. Ore how many minerals daily?
B. Coal D. Diamond A. 30 C. 25
B. 27 D. 23
Which of the following is not the function of iron?
A. Oxygen transport C. Brain function Minerals can be formed _____.
B. Immune function D. Gene regulation A. By the cooling of liquid material
B. By material precipitating out of a water
“Bricks are made from _______. C. By molecules being exposed to high
A. Clay C. Gypsum temperatures and pressures
B. Coal D. Sand D. All of the above

What do all minerals have in common? Electrical wiring is made up of …

A. Are formed by natural processes A. Copper C. Silicon
B. Have a definite volume and shape B. Iron D. Silver
C. Are elements or compounds with a unique
chemical makeup An example of a mineral made up of pure element is…
D. All of the above A. Coal C. Glass
B. Copper D. Quartz
A kind of mineral use by Greeks as a writing tool or pencil.
A. Graphite C. Lignite Which of the following properties are used to describe
B. Lead D. Talc minerals?
A. Color, hardness, crystal structure
A mineral that helps to generate electricity and can be B. Color, odor, hardness
found in plant fertilizer products. C. Crystal structure, appearance, hardness
A. Graphite C. Iron D. Crystal structure, Color, Odor
B. Copper D. Lignite
It refers to remains of creatures that lived long ago.
Scientists that study minerals. A. Dead Bodies C. Ancient Animals
A. Archeologist C. Mineralogist B. Fossils D. Organic Animals
B. Meteorologist D. Pathologist
Fossil fuels are formed when organic matter that has
This reactive mineral is an active ingredient in items like buried deep within the earth are subject to heat and
baking soda, glass, and kitchenware. pressure for over _____.
A. Calcium carbonate C. Phosphorus A. Hundreds of years C. Millions of years
B. Nitrogen D. Silicon B. Thousands of years D. None of the above

A naturally formed solid substance with a crystal Which type of rock form the most layers at Earth’s
structure. surface?
A. Crystals C. Minerals A. Igneous Rock C. Sedimentary Rocks
B. Gems D. Rocks B. Solid Rocks D. Metamorphic Rocks

A mineral company is flying a plane with a magnetometer It is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces from the
over an area to detect mineral deposits. Which element effects of wind, water and ice.
is this method most likely to detect? A. Accretion C. Weathering
A. Carbon C. Silicon B. Temperature D. Diffusion
B. Iron D. Sulfur
The following are examples of fossil fuels, except.
 A. Acid C. Natural Gas A. Landfill C. Ocean
B. Coal D. Oil B. River D. Any of the above

This means they are consumed by humans faster than As the matter inside the sanitary landfill breaks down, it
they can be replenished through geological processes. generates gases including
A. Non-renewable C. Recyclable A. Nitrogen C. Methane
B. Renewable D. None of the above B. Hydrogen D. All of the above

Which two main forces transform organic matters into What type of item makes up the majority of the garbage
fossil fuels? that we throw into our landfills in the Philippines?
A. Heat and Temperature A. Food C. Metals
B. Pressure and Temperature B. Plastic D. Paper
C. Heat and Power
D. Heat and Pressure Which of the following is true about plastic water
bottles?
It is often called crude oil, or just oil. It is considered a A. They need to be recycled because they fill up
fossil fuel because it was formed from the remains of tiny the landfills.
sea plants and animals that died hundreds of millions of B. They cannot be recycled.
years ago. C. They decompose in no time.
A. Petroleum C. Gasoline D. They are not harmful in the environment.
B. Kerosene D. All of the above
What is an example of water pollution?
Organic sedimentary rock formed from plant remains A. An oil spill from a large ship
deposited in swamps and marshes? B. Animals walking along the beach
A. Coral C. Oil C. Drinking water out of plastic bottle
B. Coal D. Gas D. Gasoline in a car

Which of the following is being generated by coal? By writing both empty sides of the paper, you are _____.
A. Food C. Electric Power A. Reducing C. Recycling
B. Gas D. All of the above B. Reusing D. Repeating

Waste is any material that is not needed by the Which of these is a good example of reusing instead of
A. Owner C. Processor throwing something away?
B. Producer D. All of the above A. Buying a new jacket when yours is too small.
B. Wearing your sister’s or brother’s old jacket.
Which of the following is true? C. Wearing two shirts instead of a jacket.
A. There is no real waste in nature D. Going without a jacket if yours is too small.
B. The apparent waste from one process
becomes input to another All of the following statements can be used in a compost
C. All processes of production and consumption pit, except
produce waste A. Left-over fruits and vegetables
D. All of the above B. Meat
C. Shredded newspaper
Most disposable wastes are in the form of D. Coffee grounds
A. Solids C. Slurries
B. Liquids D. All of the above Which of the following is an example of a heavy metal
that can be found in the oceans?
The simplest and most common method used in the A. Mercury C. Carbon
cities is to collect and dump the waste in a _____. B. Hydrogen D. Oxygen
 C. Ignitability, Washability, Reactivity, Toxicity
Discarded water bottles and sulfur dioxide are examples D. Salinity, Corrosivity, Sanitary, Toxicity
of _____ and _____.
A. Chemical: Biological C. Physical: Chemical Which is NOT one of the three R’s of recycling?
B. Chemical: Physical D. Physical: Biological A. Reduce C. Reuse
B. Restore D. Recycle
How can a landfill be best described?
A. An area for trash disposal in which the Which organisms play a huge important role in sewage
pollutants are dumped and treated to kill all living disposal?
organisms. A. Viruses C. Fungi
B. An area for trash disposal in which the B. Spores D. Bacteria
pollutants are dumped and neutralized.
C. An area for trash disposal in which the Following statements are true about plastic waste,
pollutants are dumped and covered with soil. except:
D. An area where agricultural products such as A. It produces toxic fumes when burnt.
pesticides are safely stored. B. It can be used to make compost.
C. It is hard to decompose.
Which gas is produced at landfills? D. It can be recycled.
A. Methane C. Ethanol
B. Hexane D. Diesel Why burning waste is not an acceptable practice of solid
waste management?
It is a material that is synthetic or cannot be broken A. Because it requires a lot of space.
down. B. Because it causes several health and
A. Non- biodegradable C. Biodegradable environmental issues.
B. Rubbish D. Electrical waste C. Because it is costly.
D. Because it requires modern technology.
What is the best method for handling non-biodegradable
waste like used rubber tires? Which of the following waste materials can be recycled
A. Hazardous waste disposal many times?
B. Combustion A. Plastic C. Organic materials
C. Landfills B. Wood D. Aluminum
D. Recycling
Why plastics are difficult to recycle?
As rainwater falls on landfills, chemicals are dissolved A. Because it is very hard material
from the waste and results in a hazardous liquid called B. Because it is adhesive in nature
_____. C. Because it is different in size
A. Rubbish water C. Water D. Because of the different types of polymer
B. Run-off D. Leachate resins on it

Which of these terms is used to describe the process of It is a process of burning municipal solid waste in a
transforming raw materials or by-product into new properly designed furnace under suitable temperature
products? and operating conditions.
A. Recycling C. Composting A. Recycling C. Incineration
B. Pollutant D. Upcycling B. Landfill D. Vermi-composting

According to the EPA, what are the four distinguishing Why are plastics dangerous to marine life?
characteristics of hazardous waste? A. They may ingest it and may kill them
A. Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Toxicity B. They can get tangled and hinder their ability
B. Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Digestibility to swim
 C. They use plastics as part of their habitat Which of the following is an example of no single-use
D. Both A and B plastics?
A. Use of plastic straw
Where does majority of plastics wastes end up? B. Use of cling wrap for foods
A. Landfills C. Oceans C. Use of banana leaf as food plate
B. Burned for energy D. recycled D. Use of non-biodegradable bags

Which of the following wastes are called the Municipal Automobiles, factories, and burning of fuels are example;
Solid Waste (MSW)? A. Solid wastes C. Liquid wastes
A. Food wastes C. Plastic cans B. Gaseous wastes D. Biomedical wastes
B. Wood pieces D. All of the above
One of the characteristics of waste is its ignitability, this
Which of the following is the oldest and the most means:
common method used to dump the solid wastes? A. Waste that is capable of corroding
A. River C. Landfill B. Waste that can create fire
B. Ocean D. None of the above C. Waste that are harmful when ingested
D. Waste that are unstable and can cause
Wastes that are created in big factories that are mostly explosion
improperly disposed and causes pollution.
A. Commercial waste C. Domestic waste All are diseases caused by improper waste management
B. Industrial waste D. Agricultural waste except:
A. Diarrhea C. Hepatitis A
These are from the different household wastes collected B. Diabetes D. Cholera
during household activities.
A. Commercial waste C. Domestic waste Why is recycling important?
B. Industrial waste D. Agricultural waste A. It saves energy.
B. It helps the environment free from pollution.
Which of the following methods is better for the solid C. It can reduce number of landfills.
waste problem? D. All of the above
A. Recycling C. Both A and B
B. Landfilling D. None of the above All are waste management activities except:
A. Recycling
Which of the following gas is produced from landfill B. Patronizing single-use plastics
wastes? C. Composting
A. Biogas D. Segregation collection
B. Natural gas
C. Liquefied petroleum gas It refers to a waste disposal site designed, constructed,
D. All of the above operated, and maintained for proper dumping of wastes
in an area.
Which of the following is considered as a biomedical A. Sanitary landfill C. Dump truck
waste? B. MRF D. Garbage bins
A. Leaves C. Coke can
B. Used syringe D. Battery What are the effects of improper waste management
that puts high risk on the environment?
Based on the waste management hierarchy of RA 9003, A. Marine life destruction
which among the steps should be the most preferred B. Leeching
option in waste reduction? C. Worsened flooding
A. Recycling C. Recovery D. all of the above
B. Reuse D. Avoidance
Which is considered a direct water use?
A. Buying notepads made from recycled paper.
B. Eating greens and grains more than processed
meat.
C. Turning off fans and lights when no one is
using the room.
D. Turning off the tap when washing the face or
brushing the teeth.
Which makes use of virtual water?
A. Buying food from farms.
B. Fixing your leaky faucets.
C. Installing a low-flow showerhead.
D. Watering your lawn in the early morning.
Based on global average, which among the following has
the largest water footprint in L/kg?
A. Rice C. Fruits
B. Pork D. Vegetables
Which food product pollutes the greatest volume of
water per kilogram of production?
A. Egg C. Banana
B. Potato D. Chocolate
Which term is referred to as a green water resource?
A. Rainwater C. Surface water
B. Groundwater D. Polluted water
Why will the use of pesticides cause water pollution? It
leads to the pollution of
A. Air when chemicals break down and produce
gases that go into surface waters.
B. Household drinking water when chemicals
enter underground pipes that corrodes.
C. Nearby irrigated water when farm animals lay
on mud to cool off during heavy rains.
D. Surface waters when heavy rain carry
chemicals from the soil to rivers downstream.
An artificial body of water reservoir will store drinking
water for a water-stressed place. Which of the following
could contaminate the stored water and lead to health-
related problems and loss of native species?
A. Enclosing the reservoir with a fence.
B. Applying fertilizer for higher farm yield.
C. Developing a water management plan.
D. Monitoring the water treatment facility.
Nenita is a science club member. Which event could be
part of her conservation poster?
A. Learn how to make a school water audit.
B. Learn how to nurse stray animals in the
campus.
C. Learn how to build a campfire without using a
match.
D. Learn how to balance a Science and
Technology Fair budget.
Which activity will help freshwater stay clean the most
and why?
A. Mixing food and garden waste for composting
will save fresh water.
B. Introducing new fish species for an
aquaculture project add water purifiers.
C. Leaving crop residues to cover newly
harvested cornfields prevents soil erosion.
D. Disinfecting wastewater at the discharge
points treats water before infiltration to soil.
Why will activities that lead to sedimentation affect the
quality of freshwater in lakes?
A. Additional sediment loads on the lake
decrease water depth.
B. Deposited soil sediments carry food to aquatic
plants and animals.
C. Fertilizer run-offs will add organic matter and
heavy metals to the lake.
D. Rain over denuded lands will deposit silt to the
lake as sediment pollutants.
Soils act like _____, soaking up water and limiting run-
off.
A. Filters C. Sponges
B. Faucets D. Supermarket
Soils act like _____, providing air, water, and nutrients to
soil organisms.
A. Buffers C. Strainers
B. Faucets D. Supermarkets
Soils act like _____, providing refuge to macro and micro-
organisms in soil.
A. Hotels C. Sponges
B. Faucets D. Supermarkets
Soils act like _____, regulating the quality of air and
water flowing into soil pores.
 A. Filters C. Faucets
B. Buffers D. Supermarkets
Why is soil erosion by rushing waters considered a great
soil threat?
A. The soil volume is reduced in eroded areas
and increased in deposited areas.
B. Water changes the physical composition of
the soil affecting soil management.
C. The soil’s chemical composition is enhanced
changing soil texture and structure.
D. Water carries topsoil and nutrients, then
deposits it to receiving areas as pollutants.
Which soil management practices build up healthy soils?
A. Application of fertilizers and pesticides against
crop pests.
B. Constant clearing of vegetation from weeds
for cleaner rows
C. Regular cultivation and tilling of fields for
greater agricultural yield.
D. Use of diverse cover crops, planned crop
rotation, and mulch tillage.
What is the threat to soil when farmlands are converted
into built-up areas with concrete foundations for houses,
roads, offices and malls?
A. Soil sealing C. Soil acidification
B. Soil pollution D. Soil compaction
Which component of the soil is crucial for soil health?
A. Air C. Organic matter
B. Water D. Mineral particles
What soil threats can possibly occur during a
construction of a school building?
A. Soil compaction, soil contamination, soil
erosion, and soil sealing
B. Soil contamination, soil nutrient imbalance,
soil salinization, and waterlogging
C. Soil nutrient imbalance, soil acidification, soil
pollution, and soil biodiversity loss
D. Soil acidification, soil compaction, soil
biodiversity loss, and soil organic carbon loss
20. How do organic matter help maintain soil health?
A. It regulates the humus part of the soil making
it dark and fertile.
B. It greatly helps microorganisms to provide air
and food for the plants.
C. It gives more space for pore spaces to
exchange air, water and nutrients.
D. It biologically binds minerals and creates
interconnected pores in structured soils.
Which of the following describes a habitable Earth?
A. Has a weak magnetic field
B. Right distance from the Sun
C. Dominant presence of solid ice
D. Presence of oxygen in the hydrosphere
Which of the following is not one of the reasons why the
hydrosphere is important?
A. It sustains various life forms
B. It helps in regulating the atmosphere
C. It plays an important role in ecosystems
D. It plays a major role in the movement of
tectonic plates
Which of the following is not a correct description of
oxygen gas (O2)?
A. Use by animals for respiration
B. Taken in by plants for photosynthesis
C. Converted to carbon dioxide during
respiration
D. A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to
living organisms
Which of the following describes a Goldilocks Zone?
A. A zone composed mainly of frozen water
B. A region where life is impossible to exists
C. A zone composed only of rocks and other
celestial debris
D. An area where the temperature is not too hot
and not too cold
Which of the following is an important characteristic of
earth in sustaining life?
A. Earths’ position beyond the Goldilocks Zone
B. The atmosphere that blocks the rays of the
sun from reaching Earth
C. The abundant nitrogen in the atmosphere
made life possible on Earth
D. The presence of liquid water which plays a
vital role for cell’s metabolism
Which of the following is the reason for the importance Which of the following power plants uses water to
of Earth’s subsystems? generate electricity?
A. The subsystem influence Earth’s encounter A. Calaca Thermal Plant
with space objects. B. Tiwi Plant
B. The subsystems solely determine the survival C. Agus 1
of different organisms D. Bataan Plant
C. The subsystems contribute scarcely in flow of
matter and energy This uses heat just beneath the earth’s surface in order
D. The subsystems influence the climate, to heat water or provide heat for buildings.
geological processes, and life on Earth. A. Geothermal Power Plant
B. Geothermal Heat Pump
Why is the ozone layer important in sustaining life on C. Solar Panel
earth? D. Nuclear Power Plant
A. It is where Earth satellites orbit and auroras
show. Identify the transformation of energy in a hydroelectric
B. It influences hydro-meteorological power plant.
phenomenon such as storms. A. Kinetic → Mechanical → Potential → Electrical
C. It shields the Earth the Sun's ultraviolet B. Mechanical → Kinetic → Potential → Electrical
radiation and keeps the planet warm. C. Potential → Kinetic → Mechanical → Electrical
D. It is where celestial objects get burned and D. Potential → Mechanical → Kinetic → Electrical
disintegrated upon entering Earth.
When liquid water is heated and turns into vapor, this
Which subsystem helps regulate the temperature of the process is called _____.
Earth so we do not experience too much hotness or A. Water cycle C. Condensation
coldness. B. Evaporation D. Precipitation
A. Biosphere C. Atmosphere
B. Lithosphere D. Hydrosphere In which process in water cycle does clouds form?
A. Evaporation C. Condensation
Which subsystem do bodies of water surround the Earth B. Cloud forming D. Precipitation
a part of?
A. Hydrosphere C. Biosphere Where is most of the earth’s freshwater found?
B. Geosphere D. Atmosphere A. Ocean
B. Lake
In which subsystem are gases such as oxygen gas, water C. Underground aquifers
vapor, and nitrogen gas found? D. Glaciers
A. Hydrosphere C. Biosphere
B. Geosphere D. Atmosphere Almost 70% of water supply on earth is _____.
A. Freshwater C. Spring water
Which of the following energy comes from the heat B. Saltwater D. Mineral water
within the earth?
A. Hydroelectric C. Solar Earth’s freshwater supply is mostly use for _____.
B. Geothermal D. Nuclear A. Drinking
B. Agricultural purposes
Which of the following is a nonrenewable source of C. Bathing
energy? D. Manufacturing purposes
A. Solar C. Nuclear
B. Geothermal D. Hydroelectric You visited a river in your community and find out that
there are dead plants and fish in the water. What could
be the possible cause of the massive deaths of plants and
fish?
A. Litter C. Oil spill
B. Pollution D. All of the above
Why do we need to conserve water?
A. It is renewable resource
B. It is limited
C. It is nonrenewable resource
D. It is unlimited
SECOND QUARTER
Which of the following best describes weathering?
A. The process by which rocks are exposed to
severe weather
B. The process by which rocks are formed by heat
and pressure
C. The mechanical or chemical process by which
rocks are broken down
D. The process by which rocks are chemically
strengthened due to exposure to heat and pressure
How does gravity contribute to weathering?
A. By abrasion of the rocks
B. By expansion of rocks
C. By dissolving rocks’ particles
D. By creating holes in rocks
Which of the following is not an example of physical
weathering?
A. Freeze-thaw
B. Wind blowing sand onto a rock
C. Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks
D. Abrasion due to the movement of glaciers
What happens to pieces of rock as they are transported
by a river?
A. They get smaller and rounder
B. Much larger and rounder
C. Smaller and more jagged
D. Gets larger and more jagged
In hydration, water is an active agent of chemical
weathering. What happens when water loosely
combines with the minerals of the rock?
A. Cements them together
B. Converts the mineral into another kind
C. Transports the rock into a lower altitude
D. Weakens the molecular binding of the
minerals
What are the two things that affect the rate of
weathering?
A. Time and date
B. Type of rock and climate
C. Rain and ice
D. Size of rock and time of the year
Which of the following best describes chemical
weathering?
A. The process by which rocks are broken down
by physical forces
B. The process by which rocks are broken down
by chemical means
C. The process by which rocks are broken down
by anthropogenic activities
D. all of the above
Weak organic acids are produced by the action of the
growing roots of lichens. These acids react with some
minerals in rocks resulting in the decomposition of rocks.
How will you classify this process?
A. Physical weathering
B. Chemical weathering
C. Biological weathering through physical means
D. Biological weathering through chemical
compounds
Which of the following conditions will speed up chemical
weathering?
A. Fracturing
B. Thick soil
C. High amount of rainfall
D. Cold temperatures
Which type of rocks tends to weather more rapidly
through hydrolysis process?
A. Rocks that contain iron.
B. Rocks that contain quartz.
C. Rocks that are impermeable.
D. Rocks that contain feldspar.
Which is an example of oxidation?
A. Rust decomposes rocks completely with
passage of time.
B. Some of the minerals get dissolved in water.
 C. The joints enlarge in size and lime is removed
in the solution. Which of the following do not describe weathering?
D. Due to the absorption of water by rocks, its
volume increases.

Which of these statements is not true about mechanical A. I, II and III C. I, III and IV
weathering? B. I, II and IV D. II, III and IV
A. Breaks rock material into smaller pieces
B. Changes the chemical composition of rocks Which of the following is an example of biological
C. Strong winds carrying sand blows on the rocks weathering?
D. Beach rock gets hot in daytime and cools in A. Freeze- thaw
the evening thus creating fracture on the rock B. Wind blowing sand onto a rock
C. Abrasion due to the movement of glaciers
Which of the following activities has resulted in an D. Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks
increased rate of chemical weathering through
acidification? Which of the following conditions promotes slow
chemical weathering?
A. Fracturing
B. Thick soil
C. High amount of rainfall
A. 1 only C. 1 and 2 D. Cold temperatures
B. 2 only D. 2 and 3
The heat _____ from the crust down to the inner core
Which is not included in the group? due to several reasons. Which of the following words will
A. Carbonation C. Acidification best complete the thought of the given statement?
B. Abrasion D. Hydration A. Decreases C. Increases
B. Equals D. Proportional
In which of the following climates will chemical
weathering be most rapid? All the layers of the earth have its own properties and
A. Cold and dry C. Hot and dry characteristics. Which among the layers of the earth has
B. Cold and humid D. hot and humid the highest temperature?
A. Core C. Lithosphere
Which of these statements are true about mechanical B. Crust D. Mantle
weathering?
Different elements comprise the layers of the earth.
Which layer of the earth has the highest amount of
A. 1 and 2 C. 1 and 4 molten state iron?
B. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 3 A. Core C. Lithosphere
B. Crust D. Mantle
Which of the following activities has resulted in an
increased rate of chemical weathering through Why is Earth considered as a thermal engine?
acidification? A. The main source of internal energy is the sun.
A. The production of SO2 and NO in the B. The moon gives energy to earth and convert it
atmosphere that combine with rain to form acids. to thermal energy.
B. The release of too much carbon dioxide in the C. The pressure of the materials in the crust
air that turn rain into weak acid. causes materials to be molten.
C. The disintegration of rocks during D. The main source of heat comes from the
construction and mining. produced decay of some naturally occurring isotopes
D. The growth of plant roots on the rock crack. from its interior.

What happened to the amount of heat from crust down
to the core?
A. It is equal.
B. It becomes lower.
C. It becomes higher.
D. It is indirectly proportional.
Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Which of
the following pertains to the process by which gasses and
dust of cloud were attracted by gravitational energy?
A. Accretion C. Gravitational pull
B. Solidification D. Planetesimal
It is not possible to know about the earth’s interior by
direct observations because of its huge size and the
changing nature of its internal composition. Which of the
following will best describe the given sentence?
A. It is correct.
B. It is incorrect.
C. It depends upon the outer or inner core.
D. It cannot be determined due to the nature of
Earth.
Which among the layers of the earth has the greatest
pressure which causes tremendous internal heat of the
earth?
A. Crust C. Outer core
B. Mantle D. Inner core
There are several sources that contribute to the internal
heat of the earth. Which of the following is not a major
process that contributed to Earth’s internal heat?
A. Heat from radioactivity of radioactive isotopes
within the Earth’s core
B. Heat released by colliding particles during the
formation of the planet
C. Heat released as iron crystallized to form the
inner core
D. Heat from the sun since the beginning of Earth
history
How did the Earth generate heat on its early stage of
formation?
A. By radioactive decay
B. By gravitational pressure
C. By absorption of solar energy
D. By collision of the masses of gas and dust
Heat can be transferred from one plate of the earth to
the other. What type of heat transfer exists between the
plate boundaries?
A. Radiation C. Conduction
B. Convection D. Thermal transfer
How do radioactive isotopes emit heat energy and
contribute to Earth’s internal heat?
A. By pressure freezing
B. By gravitational pressure
C. By preserving the primordial heat
D. By spontaneous radioactive decay
Why do some isotopes play a minor role in the
production of heat in the interior of the earth?
A. Due to its abundance in the core
B. Due to the heat it releases
C. Due to chemical stability
D. Due to its high energy capacity
What happened to the pressure inside the Earth as you
go deeper?
A. The pressure is the same.
B. The pressure increases.
C. The pressure decreases
D. The pressure is unstable.
Why does Earth’s internal heat build up due to
gravitational pressure?
A. Because there is no escape of heat from
Earth’s surface
B. Because the escape of heat from Earth’s
surface is less than the heat generated
C. Because the escape of heat from Earth’s
surface is greater than the heat generated
D. Because the escape of heat from Earth’s
surface is equal than the heat generated
As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core,
what happens to the temperature?
A. It increases.
B. It decreases.
C. It stays the same.
D. It increases, then decreases.
As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core,
what happens to the density of the materials of each
layer?
A. Density increases
 B. Density decreases The heat escaping from the core also makes material
C. Density stays the same move around in different layers of the planet. Which of
D. Density increases, then decreases the following will best describe the given sentence?
A. It is true.
What prevents the iron and other minimal amount of B. It is false.
some elements in the core from melting? C. It depends upon the layer of the Earth.
A. Density C. Temperature D. It cannot be determined due to the
B. Pressure D. Vapor composition of Earth.

Heat flows from the different layers to the earth. What Which of the following is the main source of Earth’s
type of heat transport occurs between the mantle and internal heat?
the core? A. Primordial heat
A. Conduction C. Radiation B. Radioactive elements
B. Convection D. Sublimation C. Gravitational pressure
D. Dense core material
Which of the following is an isotope that is present in the
core of the earth? Magma varies widely in composition. Which is the most
A. Uranium – 235 C. Uranium – 523 abundant element composition in magma?
B. Uranium – 253 D. Uranium – 325 A. Oxygen C. Aluminum
B. Silicon D. Sodium
Which of the following pertains to the spontaneous
breakdown of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release What is the tendency of the magma with high silica
of energy and matter from the nucleus? content?
A. Convection A. It tends to be hotter.
B. Gravitational pressure B. It tends to be more viscous.
C. Radiation C. It tends to be less viscous.
D. Radioactive decay D. It tends to be less explosive.
What is the effect of the magma’s viscosity on volcanic
As you move from the surface of Earth to the inner core, eruption?
what happens to the pressure? A. It becomes less explosive.
A. It increases B. It becomes more explosive.
B. It decreases C. It has less magma emission.
C. It stays the same D. It has more magma emission.
D. It increases, then decreases
Magma plays an important role in geologic processes.
Which of the following sentences in incorrect? Which of the following best describes magma?
A. As someone goes down the center of the A. A molten rock
earth, the pressure increases, thus, the temperature B. A molten metal
increases. C. A mixture of liquids and gases
B. As someone goes down the center of the D. A molten rock came out to the Earth’s surface
earth, the density of the materials increases, thus, the
temperature increases. Which geologic process takes place inside cracks and
C. Due to radioactive decay in the center of the infiltrates the upper mantle allowing liquids and gases to
Earth, the planet is cooling off. reach the surface of the earth?
D. There are remains of primordial heat of the A. Plutonism C. Tectonic
Earth. B. Hydration D. Volcanism

Why does partial melting of rocks on mantle occur?

A. Because rocks are pure materials.
 B. Because rocks are made of metals.
C. Because rocks are made up of silicates.
D. Because rocks composition has different
melting points.
What rock is produced when the process of
crystallization takes place inside the crust?
A. Rhyolites C. Volcanites
B. Plutonites D. Ignimbrites
Which of the following factors affect the melting of
rocks?
A. Temperature and pressure
B. Pressure and minerals components of a rock
C. Temperature and minerals components of a
rock
D. Temperature, pressure and mineral
components of a rock
Which geologic process occurs on the earth’s surface
correlated with flow and transportation of igneous
material?
A. Metamorphism C. Volcanism
B. Plutonism D. Weathering
Geologist found out that rocks melted under various
pressures. Which of the following best describes how
pressure affects the melting of rocks?
A. The higher the pressure, the lower the melting
point.
B. The lower the pressure, the higher the melting
point.
C. The higher the pressure, the higher the
melting points.
D. Pressure has no effect on the melting point of
rocks.
Which statement best describes plutonism?
A. A geological phenomenon that occurs on the
surface of the earth
B. A motion that takes place inside cracks that
infiltrate the upper mantle
C. A process where magma infiltrates the crust
but fails to make it to the surface
D. A process correlated with the flow and
transportation of igneous material towards the surface
Which igneous rock formation is produced when the
process of crystallization takes place on the Earth’s
surface?
A. Diorite C. Plutonites
B. Gabbro D. Volcanites
What condition is ideal for metallogenesis?
A. Magma differentiation occurs
B. Magma reaches Earth’s surface
C. Magma infiltrates but fail to make it to the
Earth’s surface.
D. Magma infiltrates, fails to make it to the
Earth’s surface and magma differentiation occurs.
What happens during flux melting?
A. Rock’s melting point is reduced by adding
some water or carbon dioxide.
B. Rock’s melting point is increased by adding
some water or carbon dioxide.
C. Rock’s melting point is reduced by adding
some oxygen or carbon dioxide.
D. Rock’s melting point is increased by adding
some oxygen or carbon dioxide.
What temperature and pressure conditions allow
magma to form?
A. High pressure
B. Low pressure and low temperature
C. High pressure and low temperature
D. Low pressure and high temperature
How does decompression melting occur?
A. It occurs when the temperature decreases
directly proportional to pressure.
B. It occurs when the temperature increases
inversely proportional to pressure.
C. It occurs when the temperature is constant
but the pressure decreases.
D. It occurs when the temperature is constant
but the pressure increases.
How is magma formed?
A. Magma is formed through movement of rocks
and minerals.
B. Magma is formed under the earth’s mantle
through solar radiation.
C. Magma is formed through heating and cooling
of materials on the earth’s surface.
 D. Magma is formed under certain Which of the following statements about metamorphism
circumstances in special location deep in the crust or in of a limestone is false?
the upper mantle. A. With increasing metamorphism, foliation
develops
What happens after magma is formed? B. With increasing metamorphism, the amount
of water decreases
C. With increasing metamorphism, the calcite
minerals form larger crystal.
D. With increasing metamorphism, the grain size
A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4 of the minerals gets smaller.
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4
Which of the following is true about contact
Which of the following statements describe volcanism? metamorphism?
A. It occurs within the continental crust.
B. It takes place when the heat and shock waves
from meteor or asteroid impact.
C. Pressure has an important role in the
A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4 transformation of rocks in contact metamorphism.
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4 D. It is prominent in areas where surrounding
rocks are exposed to heat coming from magma intrusion.
Which of the following statements do not describe
plutonism? Which of the following transformation is directly related
to pressure in producing metamorphic rocks?
A. Formation of foliation
B. Change mineralogical in the rock
C. Increasing size of mineral crystals
A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4 D. Change in mineral composition of the rock
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4
Which of the following metamorphic rocks would not
What causes changes in the composition of a rock during come from mud rock?
the process of metamorphism? A. Gneiss C. Schist
A. Increase in pressure B. Marble D. Slate
B. Increase in temperature
C. Reaction with hydrothermal fluids What process contributes to metamorphism of oceanic
D. All of these crust at a spreading ridge?
A. Dissolved minerals in the water confined
Which of the following is the process exhibited by within the rocks react with the heat and triggers chemical
parallel alignment of mica in a metamorphic rock? reaction.
A. Bedding C. Metasomatism B. Minerals present in the ocean water
B. Foliation D. Porphyroblasts percolates through the rocks and deposits the minerals
within the rocks while replacing other minerals.
Which of the following sets is arranged in order of C. Heat coming out from hydrothermal vents
increasing metamorphic grade? under the ocean heats up the rock and forms
A. Shale - slate - schist recrystallization of the original mineral content of the
B. Phyllite - schist - slate rock.
C. Schist - shale – gneiss D. Interaction of plates below the spreading
D. Phyllite - gneiss – schist oceanic crust creates horizontal movements and deform
the rocks within leading to formations of foliations and
cracks.
Rigel argued with his classmates that the rock he found How does the presence of a hot pluton contribute to
in the campsite near the foot of Taal volcano was a metasomatism?
metamorphic rock. Others claimed that it was igneous
because it was found near a volcano so it must have been
a volcanic rock, hence, an igneous rock. What features of
the rock would have convinced Rigel that it was a
metamorphic rock and not an igneous rock?
A. Only I is correct C. I and II are correct
A. The minerals in rocks are almost invisible to be
B. Only II is correct D. All are correct
seen.
B. The rock contains bits of old shells of snails
How does metasomatism process occur?
and wood.
a. Recrystallization of minerals through contact
C. The surface of the rock has holes similar to a
metamorphism due to heat.
Swiss cheese.
B. Destruction of arrangement of original
D. The rock contains interlocking and large
minerals by impact due to asteroid bombardment.
crystals of minerals compared to minerals found in
C. Recrystallization and alignment of minerals
igneous rocks.
through regional metamorphism due to heat and
pressure.
Diamonds are minerals made through the process similar
D. The dissolved minerals in the fluids react with
to metamorphism which results into formation of very
rocks that the fluids penetrate causing changes in
dense arrangement of carbon atoms. What type of
chemical and mineral compositions.
metamorphism would create a diamond?

Which of the following statements about metamorphism

of a shale is false?
A. With increasing metamorphism, foliation
develops
B. With increasing metamorphism, the amount
A. i and ii C. iii and iv of water decreases
B. ii and v D. iv and v C. With increasing metamorphism, the clay
minerals breakdown to form micas
Which of the following metamorphic rocks may have D. With increasing metamorphism, the grain size
come from a shale? of the minerals gets smaller
A. Gneiss C. Schist
B. Phyllite D. All of the above Which of the following has the correct set of major
agents of metamorphism?
In which geographic area will there be a metamorphic A. Temperature and pressure
rock with very distinct foliations? B. Pressure and tectonic forces
A. Near magma intrusion C. Temperature and mineral fluids
B. At the core of the Himalayas D. Hydrothermal fluids and pressure
C. In the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean
D. In convergent boundaries where plates move Which of the following correctly describes the major role
towards each other of pressure in producing metamorphic rocks?
A. Pressure leads to foliation in the rock
Low-grade metamorphism takes place at temperatures B. Pressure decreases the size of mineral crystals
between about 200°C to 320 °C, and relatively low C. Pressure leads to mineralogical changes in the
pressure. Which metamorphic rock is created at this rock.
environmental setting? D. Pressure facilitates change in mineral
A. Gneiss C. Schist composition of the rock.
B. Hornfels D. Slate
What type of metamorphic rock will form if a mud rock
experiences high-grade metamorphism?
A. Gneiss C. Schist
B. Phyllite D. Slate
Granite is an igneous rock that are formed through slow
solidification of magma; accordingly, it does not change
very much at lower metamorphic grades. Why is this so?
A. Granite minerals are still stable at lower
temperatures.
B. Granite, like any other igneous rocks is
geologically impossible to become a parent rock of
metamorphic rock.
C. Granite remains largely unchanged at lower
metamorphic grades because its surrounding
environment is constantly stable.
D. All of the above.
While walking, Daniel picked up a rock that have been
washed up on the beach. Noticing that it has wavy bands
of light and dark colored minerals, he claimed that the
rock is a metamorphic rock. Which of the following
inferences about its formation is the most correct?
A. Pressure was the main agent in rock’s
formation which aligned the minerals into new
orientation.
B. The rock was formed through high-pressure
made by the impact of large body into the Earth’s
surface.
C. The minerals in the rocks were altered
through recrystallization changing their size into large
crystals.
D. The bands in the rock was formed through
deposition of minerals from the hot fluids that surround
it during formation process.
Which of the following is the source of increase of
temperature and pressure in regional metamorphism?
A. Impact metamorphism
B. Local intrusive heat source
C. Increased rate of radioactive decay
D. Increase in temperature with increasing depth
of burial
Which of the following metamorphic rocks cannot form
from a shale?
A. Hornfels C. Schist
B. Marble D. Slate
On a local field trip, a group of students noticed that they
are walking across a path made of rocks that starts from
a shale into a slate and into a phyllite. What can you infer
to the direction taken by the students in relation the
grades of metamorphic rocks?
A. It follows a decreasing metamorphic grade.
B. It indicates an increasing metamorphic grade.
C. It indicates an increasing degree of contact
metamorphism.
D. It shows an in decreasing degree to regional
metamorphism.
In which geographic area will there be a highest potential
for regional metamorphism?
A. In the Philippine trench
B. Near an igneous intrusion
C. At the core of the Himalayas
D. Mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean
Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Gneiss C. Marble
B. Hornfels D. Quartzite
Blueschist metamorphism takes place within subduction
zones. What is the temperature and pressure
characteristics of this geological setting?
A. Low temperature and pressure
B. High temperature and pressure
C. Low temperature and high pressure
D. High temperature and low pressure
The diagram below shows microscopic illustration of
minerals of certain sedimentary rock (parent rock) which
is subjected to high pressure and temperature
underground forming a foliated metamorphic rock. What
type of metamorphism occurs in the given illustration?
A. Burial metamorphism
B. Contact metamorphism
C. Regional metamorphism
D. Shock metamorphism
In contact metamorphism there is a _____.
 A. Local heat source Which of the following metamorphic rocks is not paired
B. Frictional heat source with its true parent rock?
C. Regional heat source A. Greenstone - basalt
B. Quartzite – quartz arenite
Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms from a _____ C. Schist – shale
parent. D. Hornfels – dolomite
A. Granite C. Sandstone
B. Limestone D. Shale Which of the following processes will cause
metamorphism?
The pressure and heat that drive metamorphism result A. A change in the chemical environment
from which three forces? B. An increase in temperature
A. The internal heat of the Earth, the weight of C. An increase in pressure
overlying rocks, and horizontal pressures developed as D. All of these
rocks become deformed.
B. The weight of the overlying rocks, solar Metasomatism is _____.
heating, and nuclear fusion. A. The change in the bulk composition of a rock
C. Horizontal pressures developed as rocks during metamorphism
deform, bonding, heat released during crystallization. B. Metamorphism caused by nearby intrusions
D. Internal heat of the Earth, nuclear fission, heat C. Metamorphism caused by tectonic
released during chemical weathering. movements along faults
D. The parallel alignment of minerals in a
Which type of pressure will result in the alignment of metamorphic rock
metamorphic minerals?
A. Contact pressure C. Confining pressure Hydrothermal metamorphism is very common in which
B. Directed pressure D. Chemical pressure of the following settings?
A. At continental collision zones
During metamorphism, changes in the bulk composition B. Along shallow faults
of a rock occur primarily as a result of _____? C. At mid-ocean ridges
A. Increases in pressure D. in mid-continental regions
B. Increases in temperature
C. Reaction with hydrothermal fluids Metamorphism occurs _____.
D. All of these A. Adjacent to igneous intrusions
B. Along faults
What type of metamorphism is caused by high C. In subduction zones
temperature and high pressure imposed over a large D. In all of these settings
volume of crust?
A. Burial C. Regional In which of the following metamorphic environments
B. Contact D. Cataclastic would you expect to find bedding and other sedimentary
structures to be preserved.
What is the most prominent textural feature of regional A. Burial metamorphism
metamorphic rocks? B. Along faults
A. Foliation C. Cataclasis C. Contact metamorphism
B. Bedding D. Ripples D. Regional metamorphism

Which mineral is responsible for the strong foliation in a What is the relationship between metamorphic foliation
schist? and sedimentary bedding?
A. Quartz C. Mica A. Sedimentary bedding is required in order for a
B. Calcite D. Foliate rock to develop metamorphic foliation
 B. Sedimentary bedding and metamorphic
foliation are two terms for the same phenomenon
C. Sedimentary bedding and metamorphic
foliation are generally parallel
D. There is no regular relationship between
sedimentary bedding and metamorphic foliation
Which of the following is not used to classify foliated
rocks?
A. Crystal size
B. The texture of the parent rock
C. The degree to which minerals are segregated
into lighter and darker bands
D. The metamorphic grade
Which of the following sets is arranged in order of
increasing metamorphic grade?
A. Shale – slate – phyllite
B. Phyllite – gneiss – schist
C. Phyllite – slate – schist
D. schist – shale – gneiss
Which of the following rocks represents the highest
metamorphic grade?
A. Slate C. Phyllite
B. Schist D. Gneiss
Metamorphic rocks with segregated light and dark
minerals are called _____.
A. Slate C. Phyllite
B. Schist D. Gneiss
Which of the following metamorphic rocks forms in the
forearc of a subduction zone?
A. Amphibolite C. Quartzite
B. Blueschist D. Gneiss
D. Tensional stress
What will happen to the rock if it is exposed to a tension
stress?
A. Rocks will be pulled apart
B. Rocks will be compressed
C. Rocks will fold or form fracture
D. Rocks will be squeezed together
Which of the following type of stress is exerted in
convergent plate boundaries?
A. Compressional stress
B. Direct stress
C. Shear stress
D. Tensional stress
Ava played a clay bar. She pushed the two sides of the
clay bar using equal force from her hands on the same
axis. What type of stress did she exert on the clay bar?
A. Compressional stress
B. Direct stress
C. Shear stress
D. Tensional stress
How does the clay bar behave after the application of
stress in above item?
A. The clay bar will lengthen.
B. The clay bar will break apart.
C. The clay bar will fold or fracture.
D. The clay bar will be pulled apart.
Which location does shear stress commonly occur?
A. Combine plate boundaries
B. Convergent plate boundaries
C. Divergent plate boundaries
D. Transform plate boundaries

Which of the following rocks can be considered What happened to the rocks under shear stress?
gradational between an igneous rock and a metamorphic A. The rocks are squeezed.
rock? B. The rocks fold or fracture.
A. Gneiss C. Migmatite C. The rocks are pulled apart.
B. Quartzite D. Schist D. The rock walls slip to each other on opposite
direction.
Mountains are a result of high-impact stress caused
when two plates collided. What kind of stress caused it A compressive stress was exerted on the rock layers
to form? forming a simple fold or bend. What is the type of fold
A. Compressional stress formed on the rock layers?
B. Rock stress A. Anticline C. Monocline
C. Shear stress B. Incline D. Syncline
What type of fold is formed when a compressive stress Which of the following supports the theory of seafloor
resulted to a landmass that arches upward? spreading?
A. Anticline C. Monocline A. Continuous mountain chains
B. Incline D. Syncline B. Correlation of rock layers
C. Crustal age
What type of fault is shown on the illustration below? D. Magnetic reversal

Why were magnetic patterns found on the ocean floor

puzzling?
A. No rocks were magnetic.
B. They showed alternating bands of normal and
A. Normal C. Strike Slip reversed polarity.
B. Reverse D. Transverse C. They did not show alternating bands of normal
and reversed polarity.
Which of the following type of fault is found in divergent D. All rocks were magnetic.
plate boundaries?
A. Normal C. Strike Slip How did scientist discover that rocks farther away from
B. Reverse D. Transverse the mid-ocean ridge were older than those near it?
A. By mapping rocks on the seafloor using sonar
Which of the following type of fault system creates the B. By measuring how fast seafloor spreading
world’s highest mountain ranges? occurs
A. Normal C. Strike Slip C. By determining the age of rock samples
B. Reverse D. Transverse obtained by drilling on the seafloor
D. By observing eruptions of molten materials on
Which of the following type of fault formed the San the seafloor
Andreas Fault?
A. Normal C. Strike Slip What does scientist thought about the seafloor before
B. Reverse D. Transverse they had data from echo sounders?
A. The seafloor is steeply sloping.
East African Rift formed by stress on rocks that causes B. The seafloor is completely flat.
the hanging wall to drop down. Which among the type of C. The seafloor is covered with ridges.
fault did it belongs? D. The seafloor is broken up by trenches.
A. Normal C. Strike Slip
B. Reverse D. Transverse What features of seafloor mountain ranges on the ocean
floor upwells magma and formed new ocean floor?
Reverse fault formed through the stress that causes the A. Abyssal plain C. Mid-ocean ridge
hanging wall to move up. Which among the following are B. Continental slope D. Trench
examples of this type of fault?
A. Himalayas C. San Andreas What technology did scientist used in mid-1900 to map
B. East African Rift D. West Valley the mid-ocean ridge?
A. Deep sea diving C. Sonar
What type of fault is shown on the illustration below? B. Magnetometer D. Submarine

Which of the following is not included in the group?

A. Drilling sample C. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Magnetic strip D. Molten materials

A. Normal C. Strike Slip

B. Reverse D. Transverse
What features of seafloor is described as the deepest
areas of the ocean where subduction takes place?
A. Abyssal plain C. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Continental slope D. Trench
What indicators where observed by geologist to
conclude that the polarity is reversed?
A. The north and south are at the center
B. The north and south are in same direction
C. The north and south are in opposite direction
D. The north and south are aligned as they are
now
D. Further away from the ridge
How did drilling samples show that sea-floor spreading
really has taken place?
A. The ocean is changes in size and shape.
B. The molten materials cool and forms a strip of
solid rocks in the center of the ridge.
C. The Atlantic Ocean only has a few short
trenches, the spreading ocean floor has nowhere to go.
D. The further away from the ridge the samples
were taken, the older the rocks were, the younger rocks
were always in the center of the ridges.

Which scientist from the 1960s is credited for proposing In seafloor spreading, in which of the following parts
the theory of seafloor spreading? does molten material rises from the mantle and erupts
A. Albert Einstein C. Charles Darwin or flows out?
B. Alfred Wegener D. Harry Hess A. Along mid-ocean ridges
B. In the deep ocean trenches
What earth internal process drives seafloor spreading? C. In the north and south poles
A. Conduction C. Fusion D. Along the edges of all continents
B. Convection D. Radiation
Mr. Alvarez wants to make a research about the
Where can we usually found the shrimps, crabs and magnetic property of the seafloor. One day he joined his
other organisms cluster near hot water vents in the friend in making a research. He noticed that he used a
ocean floor? device that detect magnetic field. What do you call that
A. Mid-ocean ridges C. Deep-ocean floor instrument?
B. Seamount D. Deep-ocean trench A. Geologist’s compass C. Seismometer
B. Magnetometer D. Sonar
Which is not true about the age pattern on the seafloor?
A. The pattern is symmetrical on each side of the Which is not involved in the process of seafloor
mid-Atlantic ridge spreading?
B. Seafloor near the mid-Atlantic ridge can be up A. Magma
to 10 million years old B. Mid-ocean ridges
C. The oldest seafloor can be found towards the C. It tends to happen near the edges of
edges of the ocean, near the eastern and western continents
continents D. the newest rock is at the center of the mid-
D. The youngest seafloor can be found towards ocean ridges
the edges of the ocean, near the eastern and western
continents How will you compare the age of the rocks in the
seafloor?
What comprises the mid-ocean ridges? A. Both younger and older rocks are at the
A. Mountains C. Rocks middle at the ridge
B. Rivers D. Valleys B. The younger rocks are at the left side, the
older are at the right side
Where are you expected to find the oldest rock on the C. The younger rocks are in the middle at the
ocean floor? ridge, the older are far from the ridge
A. Near the ridge D. The older rocks are in the middle at the ridge,
B. At the center of the ridge the younger are far from the ridge
C. Opposite side of the ridge
What are the evidences that support the theory of B. Magma and convection
seafloor spreading? C. Magma and subduction
A. Magma, magnetic strips, drilling sample D. Volcanoes and earthquakes
B. Deep ocean trench, mid-ridges, magnetic
strips What is the age of the oldest seafloor?
C. Molten materials, magnetic polarity, abyssal A. 1.8 million years C. 4 billion years
plain B. 180 million years D. 3 billion years
D. Molten materials, magnetic strips, drilling
sample Which of the following provide evidences for seafloor
spreading?
What feature of seafloor is shallow, gradually sloping A. Explosive stratovolcanoes and rock drilling
seabed around the edge of a continent and has a depth B. Floating continents and the ages of
less than 200 meters and can be thought of as the continental rocks
submerged edge of a continent? C. The pattern of seafloor ages and the pattern
A. Abyssal plain C. Continental slope of seafloor magnetic strips
B. Continental shelf D. Mid-ocean ridge D. The pattern of seafloor magnetic strip and the
age of continental rocks
Which is the correct sequence on seafloor spreading”
Which of the following structure of the ocean basin is
partly shallow extension of the continent underwater?
A. Continental rise C. Continental slope
A. 2-1-3-4 C. 3-1-4-2 B. Continental Shelf D. Island
B. 1-2-3-4 D. 4-3-2-1
Which of the following best describes continental slope?
What device uses sound waves off underwater objects A. It is the flattest part of the ocean.
and then record the echoes of these sound waves. B. It where the ocean actually begins.
A. Magnetometer C. Sonar C. It starts from oceanic crust to continental
B. Geologist’s compass D. Seismometer crust.
D. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up
How was new oceanic crust formed? from the ocean floor.
A. When the ocean changes in size and shape.
B. When a deep valley along the ocean floor Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean?
slowly sink towards the mantle. A. Abyssal plain C. Seamount
C. When molten material erupts through the mid B. Continental slope D. Trench
ocean ridge called seafloor spreading.
D. When molten material cools and forms strip Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain
of solid rocks in the center of the ridge. system?
A. Abyssal plain C. Mid-oceanic ridge
Before the invention of sonar device, what was the belief B. Continental slope D. Trench
of many people about the ocean floor?
A. An oblate spheroid C. Empty Why are undersea mountains flat?
B. A perfect circle D. A flat surface A. because of earthquake
B. because of large marine animals
Who proposed that seafloor is spreading? C. because of erosion caused by waves
A. Alfred Wegener C. Harry Hess D. because of large ships that pass through it
B. Alfred Williams D. Harry Humphrey
Where does upwelling process most likely occur?
Which of the following causes seafloor spreading? A. Abyssal plane C. Seamount
A. Earthquakes and convection B. Mid-oceanic ridge D. Trench
 B. VI, V, IV, III, II, I D. I, V, VI, IV, III, II
What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin?
A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin
B. Formation of narrow seas with matching in Suturing stage?
coasts A. Atlantic Ocean
C. Formation of ocean basin with continental B. Himalayas Mountains
margins C. Pacific Ocean
D. Formation of complex system of linear rift D. Red Sea
valleys on continents
In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence
What will most likely to occur during juvenile stage of the occur?
ocean basin? A. Juvenile and Mature
A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Embryonic and Juvenile
B. Formation of narrow seas with matching C. Mature and Declining
coasts D. Terminal and Suturing
C. Formation of ocean basin with continental
margins Which of the following statements is incorrect about
D. Formation of complex system of linear rift plate movements?
valleys on continents A. Tectonic Plates are responsible for shaping the
earth's crust.
Which of the following is the ocean basin in mature B. Every continent formed rises above the sea
stage? due to plate tectonics.
A. Atlantic Ocean C. Its movement of plates is not a source of
B. East African Rift Valley earthquakes.
C. Pacific Ocean D. The movement of plates elicit the formation
D. Red Sea of landforms such as rifts, valleys, mountains and
trenches.
An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with
young mountains. What stage of the Wilson cycle was Earth’s surface is dramatically _____ itself in an endless,
exhibited? slow-motion movement. Which of the following choices
A. Juvenile C. Suturing will best complete the thought of the given sentence?
B. Mature D. Terminal A. Changing composition
B Forming components
How will you categorize the stages of the ocean basin C. Reconstructing
that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? D. Reshaping
A. Declining C. Juvenile
B. Embryonic D. Mature Which of the following will likely occur when two oceanic
plates move apart, and new crust is formed?
Which stage of ocean basin form a rift valley? A. Crustal formation C. Seafloor spreading
A. Declining C. Suturing B. Continental drift D. Magma intrusions
B. Embryonic D. Terminal
What will occur when there is movement in narrow
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones along plate boundaries?
Wilson Cycle? A. Earthquake in the location and nearby areas.
B. Formation of crust.
C. Magma intrusion.
D. Solidification of liquid materials.

What type of mountains led early explorers to call the

A. I, II, III, IV, V, VI C. VI, II, III, V, IV, I rim of the Pacific Ocean as the Ring of Fire?
 A. Fault-block C. Normal D. Two plates move toward each other.
B. Folded D. Volcanic
West Valley Fault may move and can cause high intensity
Refer to the given illustration below. If the figure is a and magnitude earthquake in Metro Manila and nearby
movement of two continental plates what land provinces. This is formed due to _____.
formation can be formed? A. Two plates moving above each other.
B. Two plates moving away from each other.
C. Two plates moving toward each other.
D. Two plates that are moving past each other.

A. Mountain C. Trench Which of the following is a result of the movement of two

B. Ridge D. Valley continental plates moving toward each other?
A. Himalayas C. Mid-ocean ridge
What plate boundary can be formed based on the B. Mariana Trench D. San Andreas fault
illustration below?
At convergent margins, continents grow as plates are
consumed. What other term is used to describe when
plates move toward each other?
A. Converge C. Subduct
A. Convergent plate boundary B. Spread D. Transform
B. Divergent plate boundary
C. Subduction plate boundary Convergent boundary between two oceanic crust results
D. Transform plate boundary to subduction. Which of the following can be formed in
this scenario?
What type of plate movement is shown in the A. Cagayan Valley C. Mayon volcano
illustration? B. Manila trench D. Sierra Madre

Which set off arrows best represents the plate

movement that resulted in the formation of Cordillera
Central Mountain Ranges?
A. Collision C. Spreading
B. Intrusion D. Transform

Convergent plate boundary may exist between

continental and oceanic plates. Which of the following
will not occur when these plates move?
Divergent plate moves the space created will be filled
A. Mountains C. Trenches
with new _____ from molten magma that forms below
B. Subduction D. Volcanoes
the surface of the earth. Which of the following will best
complete the given statement?
Which of the following can be found at a divergent plate
A. Composition C. Material
boundary?
B. Island D. Volcano
A. Deep earthquakes C. Subduction zone
B. Mid-oceanic ridge D. Trench
Which of the following statements about transform plate
boundary and transform movement is incorrect?
The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Gulf of Aden all
A. In the process, the crust is destroyed or
formed as a result of divergent plate motion. What is the
created.
pattern of movement of divergent plates?
B. It can occur underwater or on land.
A. One plate overlaps the other.
C. The relative motion is horizontal.
B. One plate subsides the other.
C. Two plates move away from each other.
 D. Transform plate boundaries are where plates
slide passed each other.
Analyze the given example of landforms. Which of it does
not belong to the group?
A. Appalachian C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Mariana Trench D. Puerto Rico Trench
The Atacama Trench is located along the western coast
of South America between an oceanic plate and a
continental plate. Which of the following caused the
trench to form?
A. Convection currents flowing in the mantle.
B. Heating of the plates of the Earth.
C. Stress from continental plate sliding past the
oceanic plate
D. Subduction of the oceanic plate under the
continental plate
The plates of the Earth are slowly moving in an
unnoticeable manner. Which of the following causes
Earth's tectonic plates to move?
A. Convection currents in the mantle
B. Energy from the Sun.
C. Faults in Mountain Ranges
D. Light form the natural satellite.
Based on the given illustration below about the
movement of plates, which would likely not be formed?
A. Caraballo Mountains
B. Marikina Fault System
C. Mount Kanlaon
D. Sierra Madre
Which set of arrows best represents the plate movement
that resulted in the formation of faults?
Convergent plate boundary between two continental
crust results to building up the rocks forming _____.
Which of the following choices will best complete the
thought of the given sentence?
A. Faults C. Trench
B. Mountain D. Valleys
Lubang fault line is underwater and estimated to start off
the tip of the Calatagan Peninsula and runs across
Balayan and Batangas Bays. Which of the following
causes the formation of this fault line?
A. Two plates moving above each other.
B. Two plates moving away from each other.
C. Two plates moving toward each other.
D. Two plates that are moving past each other.
What plate boundary will exist in the given illustration?
A. Convergent plate boundary
B. Divergent plate boundary
C. Subduction plate boundary
D. Transform plate boundary
Volcanoes, mountains and trenches are landforms that
are created by the _____ of tectonic plates. Which of the
following will best complete the thought of the given
sentence?
A. Falling C. Rising
B. Movement D. Subduction
Which set off arrows best represents the plate
movement that resulted in the formation of Mount
Pulag?
What are the three types of rocks?
A. Weathering, erosion, deposition
B. Sedimentary, deposition, igneous
C. Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
D. Metamorphic, sedimentary, deposition
In which type of rock do most fossils appear?
A. Deposition C. Sedimentary rock
B. Igneous rock D. Metamorphic rock
Which type of rock is formed when bits of rocks are
layered and cemented together?
 A. Deposition C. Sedimentary rock A. Objects are more than 1 million years old
B. Igneous rock D. Metamorphic rock B. Older layers are generally deeper than more
recent layers
The following are examples of sedimentary particles C. More recent layers are generally deeper than
except older layers.
A. Shale C. Sandstone D. Older layers are generally thicker than more
B. Gravel D. Limestone recent layers.
A series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust Process that leads to the formation or deposition of rock
and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to layers is _____.
another is called _____. A. Compaction C. Metamorphism
A. Erosion C. The Water Cycle B. Sedimentation D. Stratification
B. The Rock Cycle D. Crystallization
The following leads to the formation of rocks layer
What step in the rock cycle would be required to change except
an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock? A. Successive lava flow
A. Heat and pressure B. Erosion and weathering
B. Melting and cooling C. Change in particle size
C. Melting and pressure D. Rock sediments remain on its position
D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction
and cementation Law of geochronology which states that all rock layers
are continues until they encounter other solid bodies
During which process does layer upon layer of sediment that block their deposition.
build up, exerting pressure on the layers below? A. Law of Deposition
A. Erosion C. Weathering B. Law of Superposition
B. Deposition D. Compaction C. Law of Lateral Continuity
D. Law of Original Horizontality
What is the moving of sediments from their original
position called? Which is not true about the rock cycle?
A. Erosion C. Weathering A. Rocks are recycled
B. Deposition D. Lithification B. It shows that rock is lost forever
C. It shows that rock’s journey as it change
What is the settling out of the sediment called? D. It is a summary of the processes that change
A. Weathering C. Lithification rock from one kind to another
B. Compaction D. Deposition
What is sedimentary?
Which of the following statement is true or false? A. Formed by heat and cooling.
B. Formed by heat and pressure.
C. Layered rock formed by compaction.
D. All of the above
A. Statements I and II are true
B. Statements I and III are true
Limestone is formed from layers of sand, shells and
C. Only statement I is true
animals remains that have been compacted together.
D. Only statement II is false
Limestone is a _____.
A. Igneous rock C. Metamorphic rock
What is the process where sediment is glued together
B. Indigenous rocks D. Sedimentary rock
when minerals dissolve?
A. Cementation C. Deposition
What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?
B. Compaction D. Weathering
A. Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.

The Law of Superposition states that _____.

 B. Magma trapped under the Earth’s surface
cools and solidifies.
C. Bits of sand and gravel from layers that turn
into rock from pressure.
D. Extreme heat and pressure from inside the
Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
6. Where do sediments come from?
A. Rock weathering produces sediment
B. There have always been sediments on Earth
C. Sediments accumulated as dust fell to Earth
from outer space
D. Sediment is transported and deposited all
over the Earth
What is the Law of Superposition?
A. Igneous rock is older than nearby sedimentary
rock, which is older than nearby metamorphic rock.
B. A sedimentary rock layer in its original position
is older than the layer above it and younger than the
layers below it
C. Metamorphic rock is older than nearby
sedimentary rock because sedimentary rock is deposited
before metamorphic rock
D. The exact age of a sedimentary rock layer can
be found using the layers above and below it
In a cliff, where are the oldest layers of rocks made of
sedimentary rocks are usually found?
A. At the top
B. In the middle
C. At the bottom
D. Nowhere to be found
Compaction and cementation are two common
processes associated with:
A. Erosion C. Transportation
B. Lithification D. Sedimentation
Sedimentary rocks provide clues about:
A. Polar climates
B. Tropical climates
C. Temperate climates
D. Earth surface conditions at the time the
sediment was deposited
Which statement is false on how layers of rocks are
formed?
A. Volcanic activity
B. Sediments are deposited vertically by gravity
C. Occurrence of erosion and weathering on flat
fields
D. Sediments are cemented over hundreds of
years and form layers
Superposition means that in an undisturbed sequence of
sedimentary rocks, which of the following is true?
A. The oldest rocks are on top.
B. The youngest rocks are on top.
C. The youngest rocks are in the middle.
D. There is no way to know which layers are
older.
Which of the following causes the formation of rock
layers?
A. Particle size does not change
B. Inactive volcanoes
C. Erosion and weathering
D. Rock remains on its position
An undeformed sedimentary layer is _____ than the
layer above and _____ than the layer below.
A. Older, older C. Younger, older
B. Older, younger D. Younger, younger
The Principle of Original Horizontality states that:
A. In rare cases, horizontality of rock layers
occurs.
B. In most cases sedimentary beds are deposited
as horizontal units.
C. Not all layers of the rock are generally
deposited horizontally to begin with and then tectonic
forces tilt or bend
D. Answers B and C
What do geologists use to figure out if a rock is older or
younger than another rock?
A. Radiometric dating C. EM dating
B. Amino acid dating D. Relative dating
Which is true about absolute dating?
A. Breakdown isotopes
B. Arrange the historical remains in order of their
ages
C. Depends on the traces of radioactive isotopes
found in fossils
D. All of the above
Which absolute dating technique depends on the traces
of radioactive isotopes found in fossils? What method has helped scientists to determine the
A. Amino acid C. Dendrochronology exact age of Earth?
B. Radiometric D. Thermoluminescence A. Official dating C. Absolute dating
B. Relative dating D. Complete dating
It is the process of breaking down of isotopes.
A. Half-life When does half of the parent atoms turn into daughter
B. Isotopes atom?
C. Radioactive decay A. Every 10,000 years C. Every 30,000 years
D. Radioactive metric dating B. Every 20,000 years D. Every 40,000 years

It is known as atoms of the same element that have the Which is a good element to use to date fossils and some
same number of protons but different numbers of rock?
neutron? A. Carbon C. Potassium
A. Isotopes C. Relative Dating B. Uranium D. Phosphorus
B. Absolute dating D. Radioactive Decay
What technique explains that the lowest layer is the
What term is used to describe absolute dating? oldest while the topmost layer is the youngest layer just
A. Exact C. Close like the clothes in the laundry basket?
B. Relevant D. Adjacent A. Absolute dating C. Stratigraphy
B. Relative dating D. Dendrochronology
Which can be used to show the approximate age of rock?
A. Color C. Texture Which method evaluates the exact age of the sample?
B. Shape D. Fossil index A. Total dating C. Relative dating
B. Absolute dating D. Comparative dating
In a canyon, where is youngest rock located?
A. Top C. Middle Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers
B. Side D. Bottom by applying the law of superposition?
A. Relative dating C. Radioactive dating
Which of the following statements is true? B. Absolute dating D. Radiometric dating
A. Rock layers are undisturbed
B. Deposition evenly distribute sediments Which of the following indicates the relative age of a rock
C. Layers were there after they were folded layer?
D. Rock layers are older than faults found in A. The thickness of the layer
them B. The chemical make-up of the rock
C. The distance of the layer over the Earth
What is a gap in the rock sequence? D. The position of the layer compared to other
A. Fault C. Uplift layers
B. Break D. Unconformity
How can the absolute age of a rock be determined?
What is the time needed for one-half of the parent atoms A. By comparing the half-life
to turn into daughter atoms? B. By comparing the samples
A. Half-life C. Half-way C. By measuring it to another ratio
B. In-behalf D. Better-half D. By measuring the amount of isotope and
calculating the half-lives passed
Which technique uses the half-life of atoms to figure out
the age of the rock layers the atoms are in? How many half-lives have passed if a rock contains 25%
A. Amino acid C. Dendrochronology isotopes and 75% daughter isotopes?
B. Radiometric D. Thermoluminescence A. 1 half-life C. 3 half-lives
 B. 2 half-lives D. 4 half-lives
Which of the following describes relative dating?
A. Precision is high
B. Quantitative extent
C. Arranges fossils in order
D. Works better for metamorphic rocks
The half-life of carbon-14 is known to be 5720 years. It is
the most popular and widely used types of radioactive
isotope. Why do you think it is a good element to use to
date fossils and some rock?
A. Shorter half-life means more accurate age
B. The higher the percentage the older the rock.
C. The parent isotopes remain after ten half-lives
D. After another 5720 years, half of that decays
Which is true about absolute dating?
A. Precision is low
B. Quantitative measurement
C. Less expensive and efficient
D. Works better for sedimentary rocks
Which is true in a series of sedimentary rocks?
A. Upper layer is composed of older rocks
B. Lower layers must be in place before older
rocks
C. The bottom layer is the oldest and the top
layer is the youngest
D. The bottom layer is the youngest and the top
layer is the oldest
What happens when the isotopes decay?
A. Parent isotopes become half
B. Parent isotopes become a team
C. Parent isotopes become a parent
D. Parent isotopes become a daughter
What is the importance of dating?
A. It determines the age of fossils
B. It identifies the amount of fossils
C. Determine the sample of fossils
D. Determine the particles in fossils
What is the extended version of the stratigraphy?
A. Cross dating C. Amino acid dating
B. Biostratigraphy D. Thermoluminescence
What is the meaning of the statement: you can’t break a
rock if it does not exist?
A. Rock layers are not undisturbed
B. Rock layers are older than faults found in them
C. Igneous intrusions are younger than the rock
that they cut through
D. Fossils are generally the same age as the rock
layers in which they are found
What can you conclude about relative and absolute
dating?
A. Absolute dating arranges the fossils in an
order while relative dating determines the numerical age
B. Absolute dating compares the age while
relative dating arranges the fossils in an order.
C. Absolute dating is the technique that
determines the exact age of a historical remaining while
relative dating gives the order of age of several samples.
D. Absolute dating is the technique that gives the
order of age of several samples while relative dating
determines the exact age of a historical remaining.
Which geological dating technique is very effective when
it comes to radioactive isotope or radiocarbon dating?
A. Relative Ages C. Radiometric Dating
B. Relative Dating D. Radioactive Isotopes
It is the process of breaking down of isotopes.
A. Half-life
B. Isotopes
C. Radioactive decay
D. Radioactive metric dating
What do you mean by strata?
A. Rock ages C. Rock particles
B. Rock layers D. Rock sediments
Which law of stratigraphy describes that sedimentary
rocks are formed particle by particle and bed by bed, and
the layers are piled one on top of the other?
A. Law of deposition
B. Law of superposition
C. Law of lateral continuity
D. Law of crosscutting relationships
What is the science that deals with all the characteristics
of layered rocks and how these rocks relate to time?
A. Absolute Dating C. Stratigraphy
B. Relative dating D. Unconformities
 D. Paraconformity
Which law of stratigraphy states that any rock, fault or
structure that cuts another rock or other structure is Which geological dating technique arranges the
younger than the rock or structure it cuts? historical remains in order of their ages?
A. Law of deposition A. Absolute C. Relative
B. Law of superposition B. Radioactive Isotopes D. Stratigraphy
C. Law of lateral continuity
D. Law of crosscutting relationships Which geological dating technique arranges them in the
geological order of their formation?
Which is true about sedimentary rocks? A. Absolute C. Radioactive isotopes
A. Formed from particles of older rocks that have B. Radioactive decay D. Relative
been broken apart by water or wind.
B. May bury living and dead animals and plants Which is the original isotope?
on the lake or sea bottom A. Daughter C. Parent
C. With the passage of time and the B. Half-life D. Radioactive
accumulation of more particles, and often with chemical
changes, the sediments at the bottom of the pile become What is the correct definition of index fossils?
rock. A. Remnants of the living things
D. All of the above B. Remnants of the non-living things
C. Remnants of the planets and stars
What is the originally deposited horizontal layers that D. Remnants of the universe
folded or tilted and then eroded?
A. Angular unconformity What fossils are formed through petrification?
B. Nonconformity A. Molds C. Petrified
C. Disconformity B. Trace D. Cast
D. Paraconformity
What subdivision of geologic time characterized by the
The layer of sediments are uplifted without folding but differences in life forms?
exposed to weathering. A. Period C. Eons
A. Angular unconformity B. Epoch D. Eras
B. Nonconformity
C. Disconformity What time units are eras subdivided into
D. Paraconformity A. Eons C. Periods
B. Epochs D. Years
Which system is used by scientist to relate stratigraphy
and time to any geologic events? On what era do we belong today?
A. Time scale A. Cenozoic C. Paleozoic
B. Period scale B. Mesozoic D. Proterozoic
C. Half-life Scale
D. Geological time scale How many percent that a Precambrian takes up the
history of the earth?
This method is used mainly to date rocks A. 60% C. 80%
A. Potassium argon C. Carbon B. 70% D. 90%
B. Uranium lead D. Rubidium
Ancient Greeks named ammonites after the ram god
This layer indicates a period of uplift and erosion _____.
A. Angular unconformity A. Rah C. Ahmed
B. Nonconformity B. Kareb D. Ammon
C. Disconformity
Which creatures whose bones became fossilized with a A. Precambrian period, about 250 million years
wingspan of up to 12 meters (39 feet)? ago.
A. Dinosaur Argentinosaurus B. Phanerozoic period, about 250 million years
B. Pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus ago
C. Protoceratops C. Permian period, about 250 million years ago
D. Griffin D. Archean period, about 250 million years ago

Index fossils formed by the preserved remains of specific First mammals on Earth was seen during Mesozoic era,
species found in the strata of _____. how many million years ago?
A. Sedimentary rock C. Metamorphic rock A. 130 C. 200
B. Igneous rock D. Magma rock B. 150 D. 251

Charles Walcott discovered this bizarre animal with five What are the common fossils?
eyes lived during the Cambrian. A. Bones and teeth
A. Silurian C. Cambrian B. Spores and seeds
B. Devonian D. Ordovician C. Options A and B are correct
D. Options A and B are incorrect
The living fossils are organisms that have existed for a
tremendously long period of time without changing very What type of preserved fossils is trapped in a tree’s sticky
much, the example that have existed from the Cambrian resins and dies?
period to the present is A. Amber C. Ice
A. Lingulata brachiopods B. Tar D. Wood
B. Archaeopteryx
C. Anomalocaris Which Era represent “ancient life.”
D. Ammonite A. Cenozoic C. Paleozoic
B. Mesozoic D. Proterozoic
Which of the following is not considered as criteria of an
index fossils? When was the Precambrian Era begin?
A. The fossilized organism must be easily A. 4.53 billion years ago
recognizable. B. 4.54 billion years ago
B. The fossils have to be geographically C. 4.55 billion years ago
widespread. D. 4.56 billion years ago
C. The fossil must have lived for only a short
time. What is the shorter unit of Epochs?
D. The fossil must have lived for only a long time. A. Period C. System
B. Time D. Eon
The process of a once living organism becoming a fossil
is called A good index fossil must include one with four
A. Microfossils C. Index fossils characteristics except for
B. Fossilization D. Living fossils A. Distinctive C. Abundant
B. Widespread D. Long live
The term Phanerozoic means
A. “Time of unwell-displayed life”.
Another name for index fossil.
B. “Time of well-displayed life”.
A. Key fossils C. Lead fossils
C. “Time of well-un played life”.
D. “Time of well- replayed life”. B. Pattern fossils D. Design fossils

The largest mass extinction in Earth history occurred at Sometimes called the “father of geology”.
the end of the A. Charles Darwin
B. Charles Doolittle Walcott
 C. James Hutton A. Biology C. Mineralogy
D. James Ingram B. Geology D. Paleontology

When an organism completely dies out. Which division of the geologic time scale is the longest?
A. Adaptation C. Evolution A. Eon C. Era
B. Extinction D. Regeneration B. Epoch D. Period

Which of the following statement is correct about How old do scientists believe the Earth is?
Geologic Time Scale? A. 4000 years old
A. It is divided into major chunks of time called B. 3.6 billion years old
Eras. Eras may be further divided into smaller chunks C. 4.6 billion years old
called eons, and each eons is divided into periods. D. 6.6 million years old
B. It is divided into major chunks of time called Approximately, 90 percent of the most important events
eons. Eons may be further divided into smaller chunks in Earth’s history happened in _____ era.
called eras, and each era is divided into periods. A. Cenozoic C. Paleozoic
C. It is divided into major chunks of time called B. Mesozoic D. Precambrian
periods. Periods may be further divided into smaller
chunks called eras, and each era is divided into eons. If Pangea is the supercontinent before the Mesozoic era,
D. It is divided into major chunks of time called what is the biggest body of water that covers the
eras. Eras may be further divided into smaller chunks Pangea?
called period, and each periods is divided into eons. A. Gondwana C. Panthalassa
B. Laurentia D. Romundina
Which of the following represents the longest time
period? Jose is a Grade 11 student and ask to arrange the correct
A. Precambrian C. Mesozoic order of geologic time in his science class. Which of the
B. Paleozoic D. Cenozoic following order is correct?
A. Era>eon>period>epoch
Fossils are most common in which rock types? B. Eon>era>period>epoch
A. Sedimentary C. Epoch>period>era>eon
B. Igneous D. Eon>era>epoch>period
C. Metamorphic
D. All of these commonly contain fossils Mount Everest is the tallest land form in the planet.
Which period did the top rocks of Mount Everest form?
Which of the following will not make a fossil? A. Cambrian C. Ordovician
A. Animal footprints B. Devonian D. Permian
B. Loose animal bones
C. Plant impressions (casts) In _____ period, three northern continents collided and
D. Decomposed organic material formed the supercontinent Euramerica.
A. Carboniferous C. Permian
Most periods in the geologic time scale are named for B. Ordovician D. Silurian
A. Geographic localities C. Paleontologists
B. Catastrophic events D. Fossils When did mammals become the most dominant
organisms?
Human beings evolved during which geologic era? A. Cenozoic C. Paleozoic
A. Cenozoic C. Paleozoic B. Mesozoic D. Precambrian
B. Mesozoic D. Precambrian
When identifying period under Mesozoic era, Jana knows
Which branch of science deals with the study of the that _____, _____ and _____ are correct.
origin, history and structure of the Earth? A. Cambrian, Devonian and Jurassic
 B. Cretaceous, Jurassic and Triassic
C. Paleozoic, Ternary and Quaternary
D. Devonian, Ordovician, Silurian
How do we separate the geologic time scale into eras?
A. Every 100 million years
B. Every 10 billion years
C. Based on major changes to life on Earth
D. Based on the appearance of new reptiles
Archean eon is the time when the Earth cooled down and
able to support continents and oceans while Phanerozoic
eon is the time when rapid expansion of life occurred.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. Only the first statement is true.
D. Only the second statement is true.
Which era is also known as the time of the hidden life and
ranges from 4.6 billion years ago to 544 million years
ago?
A. Archaean C. Precambrian
B. Phanerozoic D. Silurian
Which event was largely responsible for the demise of
great coral reefs, jawless fishes and trilobites?
A. Coal Event C. Kellwasser Event
B. Cooksonia Event D. Miocene Event
All are parts of the Tertiary period except:
A. Eocene C. Miocene
B. Holocene D. Paleocene
What is the smallest main unit of geologic time?
A. Eon C. Epoch
B. Era D. Period
B. Bacteria D. Reptiles
Which of these is correctly paired?
A. Eon (half a billion years)
B. Epoch (hundreds of millions of years)
C. Era (several hundred million years)
D. Period (one hundred million years)
How many years did reptiles rule the Earth?
A. 100 million years C. 200 million years
B. 300 million years D. 400 million years
Myra understands the characteristics of agnatha when
she describes it as:
A. A primitive jawless fish
B. A primitive armored fish with cartilage
skeleton
C. A fish with jaw
D. A fish with legs
In what order do the following organisms appear in the
geologic record from oldest to youngest?
A. Bacteria, fish, birds, humans
B. Bacteria, birds, fish, humans
C. Human, fish, birds, bacteria
D. Fish, bird, humans, bacteria
When is the time where proliferation of life occurred and
rocks became less metamorphosed?
A. Archaean eon C. Phanerozoic eon
B. Proterozoic eon D. Paleozoic era
Joan was asked to identify the current period we are in.
Which is the correct answer of Joan?
A. Holocene C. Quaternary
B. Jurassic D. Tertiary

Which is the present eon that began 541 million years Devonian period is the age of fishes while Silurian period
ago? is the age of vascular plants.
A. Cenozoic C. Phanerozoic A. The first statement is true while the second is
B. Holocene D. Quaternary false.
B. The first statement is false while the second is
When did the breakup of Pangea happen where all true.
dinosaurs and reptiles also wiped out? C. Both statements are true.
A. Cenozoic C. Paleozoic D. Both statements are false.
B. Mesozoic D. Precambrian
In which period did the level of carbon dioxide is several
Which of these believe to be the first life form on Earth? higher than today?
A. Amphibians C. Mammals A. Devonian C. Permian
 B. Ordovician D. Silurian D. The food that these animals bring
underground causes the breaking of rocks.
Which period did sharks and bony fishes develop?
A. Cambrian C. Permian This process happens when water, people, animals wear
B. Devonian D. Silurian away bits of rocks.
A. Fermenting C. Weathering
All statements are true about the Cenozoic era except: B. Mountain building D. Erosion
A. It is also known as the “age of mammals”.
B. It is also known as the “age of flowering Which of these is not an example of physical weathering?
plants”. A. Frost wedging C. Salt crystal growth
C. It is the time of widespread glaciation. B. Oxidation D. Abrasion
D. It is the time when gymnosperms replaced
angiosperms. Which of these rocks is most likely to be damaged by acid
rain?
Which describes the geologic time scale correctly? A. Limestone C. Gabbro
A. It is a record of old geologists. B. Granite D. Pumice
B. It refers to the history of rocks and minerals.
C. It is a record of the known history of rocks and Which of the following is a major factor of the creation
fossils. of canyons?
D. It refers to the division of period in history. A. Water C. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen D. Iron
Which of the following human activities results to
breaking down of rocks? What type of rock is made when tiny particles of other
A. Driving C. Hiking rocks settle at the bottom of the bodies of water?
B. Mining D. Fishing A. Igneous C. Metamorphic
B. Sedimentary
How do roots of plant break down rocks?
A. Roots split the rocks apart. The following are types of chemical weathering except
B. Roots heat the rocks causing them to break. A. Abrasion C. Hydrolysis
C. Roots leave materials on the rocks which B. Oxidation D. Dissolution
causes it to rust.
D. Roots lose its main composition because of Which of the following happens during frost wedging?
roots’ absorption capability. A. Water sips on the cracks of the rocks and then
it freezes.
How does temperature break down rocks? B. Water causes the rock to have smooth
A. Rocks break when it is cooled. surface.
B. Rocks break when it is heated. C. Water breaks the rock into pieces because of
C. Rocks break when it is not exposed to water. its direct impact.
D. Rocks break when it is heated and then D. Water creates cracks into the rocks.
cooled.
Which of the following element causes the rusting of
Some animals like the rabbits and moles dig up soil for rocks?
shelter or to find food. How do their activity contribute A. Hydrogen C. Iron
to the breaking down of rocks? B. Calcium D. Oxygen
A. The digging of those animals breaks the rocks
into small pieces. What happens during chemical weathering?
B. Small rocks are being exposed to sunlight. A. Components of related rocks react to each
C. Animals stay in the dug holes and causes the other.
rising of temperature inside.
 B. Exposure of rocks to friction from winds A. Near the top surface of the flow
exposes it and breaks it down. B. Near the center of the flow
C. Roots of trees expands and breaks down C. Near the bottom of the flow
rocks. D. Crystals would have the same size throughout
D. Temperature or water reacts to minerals from the flow
rocks.
What process is involved in the creation of canyons? According to Bowen's reaction series, which of the
A. Dissolution C. Erosion following pairs of phases are likely to be incompatible?
B. Oxidation D. Frost wedging A. Quartz and alkali feldspar
B. Ca-Plagioclase and olivine
The hot molten rocks found inside the Earth is called C. Quartz and olivine
A. Lava C. Minerals D. Na-plagioclase and amphibole
B. Magma D. Plates
What would be the plate tectonic settings where you
Which of the following processes, the movement of gas would expect to find granitic/rhyolitic rocks?
or liquid in which the warmer parts move up and the A. Subduction zone
cooler parts move down? B. Continent/continent collision
A. Convection C. Induction C. Spreading center
B. Conduction D. Radiation D. Transform boundary

Which of the following layers of the Earth is in liquid A crack in a rock layer where the rock on either side is
form? moving is called
A. Crust C. Outer core A. Fold C. Fracture
B. Mantle D. Inner core B. Fault D. Slit

How is radioactive heat produce? A crack in a rock layer where the rock on either side is not
A. From the Earth’s formation moving is called
B. From the redistribution of heat A. Fold C. Fracture
C. From the decays of isotopes B. Fault D. Slit
D. From the movements of plates
What do you call the deformation in rock layers where
Which of the following processes is involved in boiling there is a change in shape without breaking?
water? A. Fold C. Fracture
A. Conduction C. Convection B. Fault D. Slit
B. Radiation D. Induction
What do you call an upward fold in rocks?
The rate of cooling of a magma or lava is reflected by the A. Monocline C. Syncline
_____ of the rock. B. Anticline D. Incline
A. Mineralogy C. Color
B. Texture D. Density A downward U-shaped fold in a rock layer is called
A. Monocline C. Syncline
The temperature (at least a minimum estimate) from B. Anticline D. Incline
which the melt cooled is reflected by the _____ of the
rock. A mostly flat series of rock layers with a small dip is called
A. Mineralogy C. Color A. Monocline C. Syncline
B. Texture D. Density B. Anticline D. Incline

Where would you expect to find the largest crystals in a About how many percent of the planet’s surface is made
lava flow? up of ocean basins?
 A. 60 % C. 75 % B. Guyot D. Seamount
B. 70 % D. 80 %
An ‘abyss’ is something that is very _____.
Which of the following tool is the most convenient and A. Deep C. Long
portable way to represent the surface of the earth? B. Far D. Narrow
A. Globe C. piece of paper
B. Map D. All of the choices Which of the following feature described as the
continuous mountain chains located under the surface of
What theory that explains the dynamics of the earth’s the sea?
surface which resulted to the interaction of the overlying A. Abyssal plain C. Oceanic ridges
rigid plates with the underlying mantle? B. Mountain ranges D. Oceanic trenches
A. Earth movements C. Tectonic activity
B. Plate tectonics D. all of the choices Which among of the major ocean basins has the simplest
pattern of ocean-floor ages?
What do you call to the regions that are below sea level? A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
A. Crustal plates C. Sonar B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean
B. Ocean basins D. None of the choices
Which of the following major ocean basin occupies about
It is an instrument that accurately determines the time one-third of Earth's surface?
between the emission of a strong acoustic pulse, and the A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
detection of its echo. B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean
A. Echo sounder C. Side-scan sonar
B. Satellites D. Sonar How are oceanic basins formed?
A. When there was an increase in available
Which of the following is/are result/s in the creation of water, or a fall of landmass.
many ocean basins features? B. Due to seafloor spreading and the movement
A. Earthquakes C. Volcanism of tectonic plates.
B. Mountain formation D. All of the choices C. When water has covered a large portion of the
Earth’s crust.
A small elevated landform that rises from the great D. All of the choices
depths of the ocean is called _____.
A. Abyssal hill C. Ocean trenches Which of the following that explains the theory of plate
B. Guyot D. Seamount tectonics?
A. The origin of mountains and ocean basins and
Which of the following ocean basin feature described as the shapes of the continents on Earth.
long, narrow, steep-sided depressions found on the B. Why the planet’s gravitational pull varies
ocean floor? slightly from place to place on Earth
A. Abyssal hill C. Ocean trenches C. How Earth and other objects in the Solar
B. Guyot D. Seamount System formed
D. Why Earth’s magnetic field changes over time
What do you call to the deepest part of the ocean floor?
A. In submarine canyons What is the largest ocean on earth?
B. In the abyssal plains A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
C. In oceanic trenches B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean
D. In rift valleys
What are the deepest parts of the ocean?
What feature which is similar to a seamount, but it is a A. In ocean sinkholes
submerged volcanic mountain with a flat top? B. Near the continents
A. Abyssal hill C. Ocean floor C. The middle of the ocean basins
 D. In trenches formed by subduction zones Rock layers are also named _____.
A. Layering C. Strata
Which of the following geological record that shows the B. Rock D. All the choices
continents rift apart to form ocean basins, other oceans
must close? Which of the following are the basic principles that all
A. Oceanic formation geologists used in interpreting the age and
B. Plate tectonics characteristics of a rock layers?
C. Pseudocylindrical Map A. Code of ethics C. Law of rocks
D. Wilson Cycle B. Ethics and principles D. Stratigraphic laws

Suppose a large portion of the island of Hawaii
catastrophically slides into the Pacific Ocean. What
would be the long-term effect on the remaining island?
A. The tourist industry would be devastated.
B. A new volcano would begin to grow.
C. It would begin to sink.
D. It would begin to rise.
Which of the following principle states that most
sediments when deposited will form a horizontal or
nearly horizontal layers?
A. The Principle of Original Horizontality
B. The Principle of Lateral Continuity
C. The Principle of Faunal Succession
D. The Principle of Superposition

Why is it that the Pacific Ocean basin has the most clay? Which of the following principle shows the same vertical
A. It has the most glacial ice. changes in fossils that are embedded in rocks occurred in
B. It is the shallowest. different places?
C. It is the deepest. A. The Principle of Original Horizontality
D. It is the warmest. B. The Principle of Lateral Continuity
C. The Principle of Faunal Succession
How old are the oldest oceanic crustal basalts? D. The Principle of Superposition
A. About 20 million years old
B. About 200 million years old Scientists can relate the stratigraphic correlation of rock
C. About 570 million years old layers based on location. This principle is known as
D. About 4.0 billion years old _____.
A. The Principle of Original Horizontality
What major ocean basin that lies between South B. The Principle of Lateral Continuity
America and Africa in the south and North America and C. The Principle of Faunal Succession
Europe in the north? D. The Principle of Superposition
A. Arctic ocean C. Indian ocean
B. Atlantic ocean D. Pacific Ocean Grand Canyon has the oldest rocks that are exposed at
the base called Proterozoic-age rocks. This proves the
What do you call to the measurement and charting of Principle of _____.
depth and shape of water in oceans, seas, or lakes? A. Original Horizontality C. Faunal Succession
A. Altimetry C. Oceanography B. Lateral Continuity D. Superposition
B. Bathymetry D. Sonimetry
Which of the following places serves as a very good
Who studied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks? example of the stratification?
A. Arthur Soo C. Nicholas Steno A. Dahilayan Park C. Grand Canyon
B. Harry Hess D. Nicholo Steno B. Grand Canal D. Sumalsag Cave

It is science of a rock strata. It is any nonliving and naturally formed as aggregate

A. Geology C. Polygraph mass of solid matter.
B. Layering D. Stratigraphy A. Crystal C. Sand
B. Rock D. Sediments
The type of rocks that are formed by the layer of
precipitated and deposited suspension.
A. Igneous rock C. Sedimentary rock
B. Metamorphic rock D. All of these choices
What happens when fragmental volcanic material falls
into lakes or the sea?
A. It undergoes the process of stratification.
B. It changes its composition.
C. It becomes layered.
D. All of these choices.
Why is it that not all sedimentary deposits are stratified?
A. They may be destroyed by plants or animals.
B. This is due to recrystallization of limestone.
C. Due to other disturbances after deposition.
D. All of these choices.
Where does the oldest rock found?
A. Above younger layers.
B. Beneath younger layers.
C. In between solid and liquid part of layers.
D. Cannot be determined.
The following are part of the successive events of the
Earth’s historical past except:
A. Aging and death C. Stratification
B. Earthquake D. Weathering
If a sandstone in contact with a granite contains
fragments of the granite, what can you infer?
A. The sandstone and granite are the same age.
B. The granite was intruded into the sandstone.
C. The sandstone is older than the granite.
D. The granite is older than the sandstone.
The branch of geology concerned with the analysis of the
order and position of layers of archaeological remains.
A. Archeology
B. Geography
C. Geographical Correlation
D. Stratigraphy
Dikes and faults are being used for establishing
sequences of events. This activity applies the principle of
_____.
A. Faunal succession
B. Original horizontality
C. Lateral continuity
D. Superposition
8. Which of the statement about the age of the fossil is
most likely correct based on the diagram?

Where does the oldest layer of a rock is located

according to the Principle of Superposition?
A. Bottom C. Random location
B. Middle D. Top

This evidence of ancient life can be found in the stratified

rock.
A. Fossil C. Puzzles
B. Layering D. All of the above

Rock strata can be the most closely correlated if they A. Fossil A and C are of the same age
have contained the same _____. B. Fossils A is older than fossil B
A. Elements C. Shapes C. Fossil B is older than fossil C
B. Fossils D. Types of rocks D. Fossil D is older than fossil C

The following are natural processes influencing rock Which Principle of Stratigraphy is not obviously shown in
stratification, except: Figure 9?
A. Burning C. Cooling A. The Principle of Original Horizontality
B. Cementing D. melting B. The Principle of Lateral Continuity
 C. The Principle of Faunal Succession A. Metamorphic C. Igneous
D. The Principle of Superposition B. Sedimentary D. All of these

Which of the following is the youngest in Figure 9? This crystal was discovered in Jack Hills, Australia and is
A. A C. C believed to be 4.375 billion years old. This is the oldest
B. B D. D material found on earth.
A. Zircon C. Anorthosite
The Law of Crosscutting helps scientists to determine B. Diamond D. Ruby
what?
A. Age of fossils Which of the following radioactive isotope has the
B. Absolute age of rocks longest half-life?
C. Relative age of rock layers A. Carbon-14 C. Uranium-235
D. Decay of rocks B. Potassium-40 D. Uranium-238

According to the Law of Superposition, the youngest This technique is good for dating fossils imbedded in
layers are found at the ____. rocks.
A. Middle of the rock layers A. Uranium dating
B. Bottom of the rock layers B. Radiocarbon dating
C. Top of the rock layers C. Potassium-Argon dating
D. Just below the embedded fossils in the rock D. Relative rock dating
layers
What is half-life?
Which type of dating method can be used on rock layers A. The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei
by applying the Law of Inclusion? of the radioactive isotope to decay
A. Absolute dating C. Radioactive dating B. The amount of time it takes for the nuclei of
B. Relative dating D. Radiometric dating the radioactive isotope to double
C. The amount of time it takes for the proton to
Which of the following is used in absolute rock dating? decay into stable atom
A. Carbon-14 C. Hydrocarbon D. The amount of time needed for the electrons
B. Carbon-12 D. Carbon cycle to decay

Which type of rock dating is used to determine the The half-life of strontium-90 is 25 years. How much
absolute age of an igneous rock? strontium-90 will remain after 50 years if the initial
A. Relative dating C. Radiography dating amount of strontium -40 is 8.0 grams?
B. Fossil dating D. Radiometric dating A. 4.0 grams C. 1.0 gram
B. 2.0 grams D. 0.5 gram
The study of the order and position of rock layers or
features is called _____. When a radioactive carbon atom decays, it turns into a
A. Stratigraphy C. Geology _____.
B. Chronostratigraphy D. Chronology A. More stable atom
B. Less stable atom
He is the author of the Law of Superposition which states C. Same atom but different electrons
that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in D. More active isotope
layers, the oldest is at the bottom while the youngest is
at the top. GTS means _____.
A. William Smith C. James Hutton A. Geologic Time Sequence
B. Nicolas Steno D. Charles Darwin B. Geologic Time Scale
C. Geologic Technical Skill
What type of rock is mostly used in radiometric dating? D. Geophysical Time Scale
Mississippian and Pennsylvanians are examples of It is the largest time span.
_____. A. Era C. Period
A. Era C. Period B. Eon D. Ages
B. Eon D. Epoch
Which of the following does not belong to the Paleozoic
The 20th Century belong to what era of time? era?
A. Precambrian C. Paleozoic A. Devonian C. Carboniferous
B. Cenozoic D. Mesozoic B. Silurian D. Precambrian

This era is known to be the “age of mammals”. What type of rock is mostly used in chronostratigraphy?
A. Mesozoic C. Cenozoic A. Metamorphic C. Igneous
B. Paleozoic D. Precambrian B. Sedimentary D. All of these

In this period, the first appearance of birds took place. These organisms first appeared in Ordovician period.
A. Triassic C. Cretaceous A. Corals C. Bacteria
B. Jurassic D. Precambrian B. Fishes D. Trilobites

During which period did the first corals appear? Blue green algae begins to free oxygen during the _____.
A. Precambrian C. Permian A. Silurian C. Cambrian
B. Ordovician D. Silurian B. Precambrian D. Permian

What era did the first bird live? It is the basic unit of geological time.
A. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic A. Era C. Period
B. Cenozoic D. Precambrian B. Eon D. Ages

During what era did the ice age occur? It is a timescale which is longer than an age but shorter
A. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic than the period.
B. Cenozoic D. Precambrian A. Era C. Period
B. Eon D. Epoch
In this period, plants first appeared.
A. Permian C. Cambrian Which of the following refers to the remnants,
B. Ordovician D. Silurian impressions or traces of plants and animals preserved in
strata of the earth that give evidences of their presence
These animals lived only in the Mesozoic era. in the geological past?
A. Mammals C. Amphibians A. Fossils C. Coprolites
B. Birds D. Dinosaurs B. Sedimentary rock D. Strata

What are the dominant animals in the Permian period? The branch of the science that deals with the study of
A. Mammals C. Amphibians fossils is known as
B. Birds D. Dinosaurs A. Geology C. Paleontology
B. Zoology D. Botany
These animals were the dominant animals in the
Mesozoic era. Which of the following refers to the process by which
A. Reptiles C. Bacteria organic material becomes fossil and is turned into a stony
B. Fishes D. Trilobites substance?
A. Aging C. Superposition
Trilobites were present during the _____. B. Petrification D. Impressions
A. Silurian C. Cambrian
B. Ordovician D. Permian
Preserved waste products and worm burrows are What was probably the first organism on Earth?
examples of A. Plants C. Alligators
A. Trace fossils C. Strata B. Bacteria D. Fish
B. Index fossils D. Molds
Which of the following are used by geologists and
To be considered as an index fossil, a fossil must be rare. paleontologists as significant aids to determine the
A. False C. True correlation and age of rock sequences?
B. Both A and C D. None of the above A. Strata C. Coprolites
B. Sedimentary rock D. Index Fossils
The principle used to determine whether one
sedimentary rock is older than another is known as Paleontology is a branch of the science that deals with
A. Law of Gravity the study of
B. Law of Superposition A. Fossils C. Ocean
C. Law of Use and Disuse B. Rocks D. Animals
D. Law of Acceleration
Which era is also known as the era of the dinosaurs?
Which of the following is not included in the group? A. Precambrian C. Paleozoic
A. Eras C. Periods B. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic
B. Epochs D. Kingdom
Which of the following refers to scientist who studies
A table showing the sequence of geological periods in the prehistoric life forms using fossils?
history of earth is called A. Geologist C. Botanist
A. Geological Time Scale B. Paleontologist D. Zoologist
B. Geological Period
C. Periodic Table Which of the following refers to periods when many
D. Timetable species suddenly become extinct?
A. Mass extinction C. Paleontology
Which of the following has the largest intervals of B. Stratigraphy D. Mass Killing
geologic time and many millions of years in duration?
A. Period C. Eon Which of the following refers to the correlation and
B. Era D. Epoch classification of rock strata?
A. Fossilization C. Paleontology
Which of the following is considered as the “calendar” B. Stratigraphy D. Geology
for events in Earth history?
A. Geologic Time Scale The first Tyrannosaurus Rex was seen 68.5 million years
B. Geologic Timetable ago (mya). What type of time is this?
C. Geometric Time Scale A. Relative Time C. Historical Time
D. Geologic Time Calendar B. Absolute Time D. Exact Time

Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic are all? Dinosaurs live during the Jurassic Era before mammals.
A. Epochs C. Periods What type of time is this?
B. Eras D. Eons A. Absolute Time C. Exact Time
B. Historical Time D. Relative Time
When scientists use logic to determine the age of one
fossil compared to another, what type of dating is being
used?
A. Relative C. Carbon
B. Absolute D. None of the above