Step-1: Preparation of nano clay dispersion in Toluene solvent.

 For 50 ml nano oil batch, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 volume% of clay was taken which is 0.225g,
0.45g, 0.675g, 0.9g, respectively.
 Amount of toluene solvents were 12.5 ml, 25 ml, 37.5 ml, 50 ml, respectively.
 In order to prepare well dispersed deagglomerated clay, clay was dispersed in the solvent
and magnetically stirred in a hot plate for 5 minutes at 600 rpm in room temperature.
 For deagglomeration, clay-solvent mixture was put in a bath ultrasonicator for 20
minutes.

Step-2: Evaporation of Toluene solvent and preparation of Nano-oil

 In the beaker 50 ml of oil was taken and placed in a hotplate with continuous magnetic
stirring at 600 rpm and the temperature was set to 1300C.
 The time required for temperature to rise from room temperature to 130 0C took 15
minutes and in the meantime clay-solvent mixture was added to the oil and stirred.
 Once the temperature reached 1300C, time was noted and continuously stirred for 30
minutes. The toluene starts evaporating at 1300C and after 30 minutes the toluene from
the mixture was completely removed.
 After that heater was turned off and the nano oil was allowed to cool to room temperature

with contunuos stirring. The time required to cool from 1300C to room temperature is
almost 1 hour. The continuous stirring was done to get rid of thermodynamic instability
due to change in oil temperature as well as viscosity.
 Then the nano-oil was poured into a glass container and observed the stability by visual
inspection.
 The time, temperature for this process was varied many times and optimized value was
reported in this process which provided better stability of nano-oils.
 After that, DLS and cryo SEM was performed to measure the size and dispersion of the
clay in oil.