Acid and bases

Post the plan

Brainstorm- 5 minutes
Demonstration- 5 minutes
Video(Acids and Bases) - 5 minutes
Discussion- 10 minutes
Explanation-10 minutes
Wrap up - 5 minutes
 Brainstorm
What do the following things have in common

1.Lemon, Vinegar, Tamarind, and curd.

2. Soap, Shampoo, Dishwash and Harpic

What do these things have in common?
What do these things have in common?
Acid
An acid is an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions (H+) when
dissolved in water. An example is hydrogen chloride (HCl).

Acids can conduct electricity because they consist of charged particles in

solution. Acids also react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.

HCl---------> H+ + Cl-
For example,
when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with the metal magnesium (Mg), it produces
magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and hydrogen (H2).

Mg+2HCl → H2 +MgCl2
Metal+ Acid------> Hydrogen gas
Base

A base is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions (OH−) when dissolved
in water.

For example,
when the compound sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolves in water, it produces hydroxide
ions and positive sodium ions (Na+).

NaOH-------------> Na+ + OH--

Recapitulation-5 minutes
Brainstorm- 5 minutes
Explanation-10 minutes
Discussion-10 minutes
Wrap up- 5 minutes
Quiz- 5 minutes
Brainstorm

Why acids like vinegar and citric acid

are edible, Why other acids like nitric
acid are not edible?
 What is pH?
Power of
hydrogen- The
concentration of
H+ ions
Concentration of Ions
The strength of an acid depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions it produces when
dissolved in water.
A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid. For
example, when hydrogen chloride is added to water, all of it breaks down into H+ and Cl−
ions. Therefore, it is a strong acid.
On the other hand, only about 1 percent of acetic acid breaks down into ions, so it is a weak
acid.
Find the pH for the following
1. Lactic acid, Vinegar, Citric acid, Tartaric acid, nitric acid and
Sulphuric acid

2. Caustic soda, bleach, calcium hydroxide, ammonia and

aluminium hydroxide.
Post the plan
Recapitulation-10 minutes
Brainstorm- 5 minutes
Explanation-10 minutes
Discussion-15 minutes
Wrap up- 5 minutes
Quiz- 5 minutes
 Recap- Question
Can acids and bases conduct electricity?
Brainstorm
1. What tablets do we take when we experience acidity in the
stomach ?
2. What are we supposed to do when we are stung by a bee?
 Neutralization reaction

Acid and a base reacts to form salt and water.

AciD + Base-------------> Salt + water

 Reaction between an acid and a base

The calcium carbonate in the tablets react with the

hydrochloric acid in the stomach and neutralizes
them.
 Example of Neutralization reaction

Sodium hydroxide ( base) reacts with acid (

Hydrochloric acid ) to form a neutral substance
NaoH + H cl------------> NaCl + H2O
Base Acid salt water
 Breakout room- Notebooking
1. Define an acid and write down the reaction for acids
reacting with water.
2. Define a base and write the reaction for bases
reacting with water.
3. Explain in simple words why we take antacid tablets
for acidity.
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zy
n3b9q/revision/1
 Post the plan
Recapitulation- 10 minutes
Brainstorm- 5 minutes
Video- 5 minutes
Discussion- 5 minutes
Breakout rooms- 10 minutes
Understanding the ideal pH- 10 minutes
Wrap up- 5 minutes
 Brainstorm
Is the pH of soil and water important for
plants and animals?
 Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQowljL8e5E&feature=youtu.be
 Discussion
What will happen if the rain is acidic? What causes
acid rain?
Why is pH important for plants, Fishes and
amphibians and rain?
 Ideal pH for plants

● Plants like conifers, blueberries

pH 4.5- 5.5
● Vegetables shrubs and grass
pH 6.5-7.00
 Effect of High and low pH
● At basic pH level iron and manganese will become less
available to the plants( discolourization)

● At acidic pH , the minerals will leach and more of

magnesium,aluminium will reach the soil making it toxic.
 Fish and pH
Fish can tolerate pH- 6-8

Trouts can
tolerate pH
4-9.5
 pH and amphibians
Amphibians are more sensitive than fish.
They prefer pH close to neutral.
They cannot survive below 5.
Their hatching rates comes down below 5.
Recapitulation-5 minutes
Brainstorm- 10 minutes
Video- 5 minutes
Discussion- 15 minutes
Explanation- 10 minutes
Wrap up- 5 minutes
Exit slip- 5 minutes
Entry ticket
Go to Acids and bases folder

What will happen if you eat too much spicy food? Or what will
happen when you skip meals for a long time?
What is the ideal pH of blood? What will happen if
there is more carbon dioxide in the blood?
 Role of acids in
digestion
The stomach contain an acid called hydrochloric acid
which helps in breaking down the protein molecules.
The mucus lining protects us from the acid produced.
Ulcers and
Heartburn?
Heartburn is a condition that's caused when
stomach acid flows up into your esophagus. This
leads to a burning discomfort below your breastbone
or in your upper belly
Eating spicy food, poor diet or stress might cause
the stomach to produce excess acid.
The mucus lining is damaged leading to sores in the
intestinal tract called “ ulcers”
 pH and blood

pH of our blood under normal conditions is neutral.

The blood contains gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.
More of Co2 in the blood produces carbonic acid which
makes the blood become acidic.
Exit slip
How is blood pH controlled by breathing?
Recapitulation-10 minutes
Brainstorm- 5 minutes
Discussion - 15 minutes
Wrap up- 5 minutes
Quiz- 10 minutes
 what happens
to our
breathing rate
when we go to
higher altitude?
Acidosis and Alkalosis

Acidosis is a pH imbalance in which the body has too much acid.

Alkalosis is a pH imbalance in which the body has too much base in the
body’s fluids.
The body uses different mechanisms to control the
blood's acid-base balance. These mechanisms involve the

● Lungs
● Kidneys
● Buffer systems
 Causes of acidosis
1) Lung Disease
2) Smoking
3) Diabetes
4)Severe Diarrhea
5)H eart/Liver Failure
6)Kidney Disease
7) Prolonged Exercise
Too much meat and not enough veggies will cause pH to become too acidic.
1) Hyperventilation
2) Altitude
3)Any disease that causes the body to lose too much CO2.
Types of acidosis and alkalosis
Acidosis and alkalosis are categorized depending on their primary cause as

● Metabolic
● Respiratory

Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis are caused by an imbalance in the

production of acids or bases and their excretion by the kidneys. Respiratory acidosis
and respiratory alkalosis are caused by changes in carbon dioxide exhalation due to
lung or breathing disorders.
 Role of lungs and brian in
acid-base balance
● The brain regulates the amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled by controlling the speed
and depth of breathing (ventilation).
● The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, and consequently the pH of the blood, increases as
breathing becomes faster and deeper. By adjusting the speed and depth of breathing, the
brain and lungs are able to regulate the blood pH minute by minute.
 Role of kidneys

The kidneys are able to affect blood pH by excreting excess

acids or bases.

The kidneys have some ability to alter the amount of acid or

base that is excreted, but because the kidneys make these
adjustments more slowly than the lungs do, this compensation
generally takes several days.
Maintaining a constant blood pH is critical to a person’s well-being. The buffer that maintains the pH of human blood
involves carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3–), and carbon dioxide (CO2). When bicarbonate ions combine
with free hydrogen ions and become carbonic acid, hydrogen ions are removed, moderating pH changes. S

imilarly, excess carbonic acid can be converted into carbon dioxide gas and exhaled through the lungs; this prevents too
many free hydrogen ions from building up in the blood and dangerously reducing its pH ; likewise, if too much OH– is
introduced into the system, carbonic acid will combine with it to create bicarbonate, lowering the pH . Without this
buffer system, the body’s pH would fluctuate enough to jeopardize survival.