Power Plant Design

UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
ENGINEERING POWER PLANT DESIGN

A PROPOSED DIESEL POWERPLANT IN
ABULUG, CAGAYAN
Designed by:
JOHN DAVE A. CONCORDIA
BSMEC-E 4A NON
ID No.18011979
Submitted to:
ENGR. RONNIE REYES
Design Adviser
S.Y. 2021-2022
DEDICATION
I’m very thankful for the presence of my Parents who
raise me with their love, care, supporting me financially to
pursue my dreams and spiritually. I also thankful for giving
me their whole support to accomplish my study and also to my
brothers and sisters who also support me in my studying and
they are always there to guide me with all the decision that
I’ve choose in my life.
To all my friends who are always there in times of up and
downs situation in my life, they are the one who give advice
when I have problems and they always there to support me. Also
to my one and only beloved who inspired me every day to face
and stand to all the challenges that I’m encountered.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As a designer of this study, I would like to express my
gratitude and appreciation to those who help me accomplished
the design.
First and foremost, I thank our Almighty God for giving
me wisdom and strength in making this design reality.
I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to our
friendly Dean, Engr. Ronnie Reyes And Engr. Emmanuel P.
Miguel.
To my beloved parents who supported me financially,
spiritually and gave me enough strength and confidence to
pursue this study, to my brothers and sisters and to my one
and only beloved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 Requirements of Power Plant Design
CHAPTER II Power House Survey
CHAPTER III Basis of Assumption
CHAPTER IV Transformer sheet
CHAPTER V Maximum Demand
CHAPTER VI Normal Daily Load Curve
CHAPTER VII Choice of Power Plant Site
CHAPTER VIII Unit Combination
CHAPTER IX Specification
Machine Equipment’s
Foundation
Cooling tower
Fuel Storage Tank
Chimney
Building
CHAPTER X Bill of Materials
CHAPTER XI Economic Study
CHAPTER XII Power Rates
References
Maps
CHAPTER I
REQUIREMENTS OF POWER PLANT DESIGN
I. ASSIGNMENT OF LOAD AREA:
Secure a map of a town (probably your own hometown) or city
and plot the proper load area assigned to you.
Magnify your load area to a sheet of about 12 ft² Fill up the
vacant lots and spaces with future subdivisions and
developments five years hence.
Print two or three copies of this layout maps. Preserve the
original tracing for final submission and use the other prints
as working sheet.
II. POWER LOAD SURVEY:
Conduct a power market survey of your power load area placing
the layout map the various types of existing customer’s
potential and probable future customers within the next five
years.
III. LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS:
Group connected loads, the necessary distribution
transformers.
For each group, determine the number of potential customers in
each class for every year for the next five year.
Estimate the average KW-HR. monthly consumption per customer
for each class, for each year for the next five year.
Determine the estimated probable total annual kilowatt hour’s
consumption for the next five years.
Indicate the necessary feeder circuits and the necessary sub-
stations.
IV. LOAD DEMAND:
Draw a one line diagram of electrical distribution system;
noting the type and amount of the `
Connected load CL, group under each. Distribution
Transformers- computing and noting
Maximum demands.
Maximum demand on each connected loads.
Maximum demand on each distribution transformer.
Maximum demand on each feeder circuit,
Maximum demand on each sub-station,
Maximum demand on the Power Plant.
Applying an estimated percentage to cover power plant
consumption of plant accessories and
Auxiliaries and kilowatt hours, transmission losses,
determine the kilowatt-hour to be
Generated annually. Determine the total capacity of the plant.

Determine and tabulate the probable average daily load and
plot it to scale and draw the daily load curve.
V. TYPES AND LOCATION OF POWER PLANT:
Approximate and indicate power plant load area. The power load
contour for the next five years.
Choose the type of power plant:
steam
diesel
hydro-electric
Give reasons.
Choose the site of the power plant, discussing the reason for
choosing and indicate the site on the plant layout.
VI. CHOOSING AVAILABLE STANDBY UNITS:
Canvass the local market for available standby units; ask for
manufacturers catalog, brochures and other lecturing for
specifications, dimensions, weight, and others.
With the average daily load curve, study at least three
combinations of chosen available standard units and choose the
combinations that give balance between the factors involve and
the number and sizes of standard units to be installed.
Tabulate the daily operating schedule of the chosen units to
be installed as fitted in the daily load curve.

VII. CHOOSING THE PRIME MOVERS, ACCESSORIES, AND AUXILLIARIES:
Completely specify the machinery of the power plant
VIII: FOUNDATION DESIGN AND OTHER DETAILS:
Design and detail the foundation for all heavy machinery and
equipment.
In addition, design and detail the following;
For steam – the boiler setting, foundation and chimney or
stack.
For diesel – the cooling tower, silencer and fuel oil tanks.
For hydro – plant – pen-stock and surge tank
Draw the scale model of your piping diagram in the
conventional colors showing the flow of; fuel water air
Gas and others
IX. POWER PLANT LAYOUT:
Draw the complete and indicate in detail the plant layout in
the plan and additional view including the building, overhead
cranes, offices, switch board rooms, men’s rooms, and others.

X. POWER PLANT ECONOMICS:
Using the current prices, estimate the first cost of the
plant.
Compute for the semi-monthly fuel delivered.
Itemize list of other fixed and variable operating expenses.
Determine the following;
Cost per Kilowatt-hour installed.
Cost per Kilowatt-hour produced.
Cost per Kilowatt-hour delivered.
Allowing reasonable Rate of Return (less than 12% of fixed
units). Show computation for at least three power rate
schedules and choose the best schedule for the power plant.
Give reason for choosing.
With the chosen rate schedule, check the probable annual
profit (less than 12% of the fixed assets).
Bind and submit with the original drawings of all pertinent
papers and drawings.

CHAPTER II
LIST OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES WITH THEIR
STANDARD RATINGS
Aquarium 150W, 500W

ATM Machine 500W
Blender 600 W
Blow dryer 1000W
Bread Slicer 500, 800W
Bread Toaster 300, 350, 400, 600, 800 W
Bundy Clock 10, 15, 30 W
Cash Register 30, 40, 80, W
CCTV Camera 5, 10, 15W
CCTV Camera Recorder 50, 100W
Cellular Phone Charger 10 W
Circular Saw 900, 1000, 1400W
CT scan Unit 1000, 1200, 1400W
Desktop Computer & Printer 500,W
Disc Sander 1000W
Dishwasher 1500W
Drop Light 65W
DVD Player 20, 30, 50, 100W
Electric Doorbell 6, 10 W
Electric Drill 1000W
Electric Flat Iron 100, 500, 700, 800, 1000 W
Electric Guitar 100W
Electric Massage 350, 400, 500 W
Electric Radio 150 W
Emergency Light 5, 10W
Flat iron 1000W
Fire Alarm 25, 30W
Fluorescent Lamp 10, 20, 40W
Frying pan 1200W
Glue Gun 5, 10, 20, 50W
Hair Dryer 350, 500 W
Hair Iron 100, 150, 200W
Hot Air Gun 1000W
Incandescent lamp 10, 15, 25, 50, 100, 150, 350, 500 W
Inkjet printer 20W
Keyboard (Piano) 100, 120, 200W
LED Light 25, 40, 55, 60, 65, 70 W
Laminate Machine 100, 250, 500W
Laptop 50W
Laptop Charger 50, 65, 80, 90W
Lawnmower 1000W
Microwave Oven 650, 750, 1500W
Mixer 500W
Movie projector
14mm 1000, 1200 W
15mm 1500, 2000 W
75mm 2500, 4000, 5000 W
Planer ½, 1, 2, 4 HP
Oven 1000W
Photo Copying Machine 1150, 2000 W
Photo Printing Machine 500, 1000, 2000W
Power shower 7500W
Plainer 1000W
Pressure Pot 100W
Radio 150W
Range Burner 1000W
Rice Cooker 600, 680 W
Sander 1000 W
Sewing machine 100W
Satellite Disc 150W
Shaver 15W
Soldering Iron 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50W
Sound System (Set) 250, 500W
Stereo Set
2 Channels Stereo 30, 60, 80 W
4 Channels Stereo 80, 100, 160, 2000 W
Tape Recorder 80, 100, 150, 500W
Tarpaulin Printer 2000W
Television Set
Black & White 80, 100, 150 W
Colored 90, 100,150 W
Telephone 10W
Bread toaster 1500W
Ultrasound Machine 500W
VCR 40, 60W
Vide-oke 100, 150, 200, 250 W
Waffle iron 1200W
Wall Clock 6, 10 W
Water Dispenser 250, 600W
Water Heater 500, 600, 1000 W
Welding Machine 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 2000 W
Wireless Router 7, 10W
X-Ray Unit 500, 600, 700, 1000 W
GENERAL POWER SERVICES
Air Blower 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Hp

Air Conditioner
Window Type ¼, ½, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½ HP
Package Type 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 HP
Circular saw ½, ¾, 1, 2 HP
Compressor ¼, ½, ¾, 1 HP
Electric Razor 1/8 HP
Electric Sewing Machine 1/20, 1/10 HP
Floor Polisher 1/8, 1/6, ¼, 1/3, 1 HP
Fuel Pump (2 nozzles) ½, ¾, 1HP
Electric fan ½, 1/10, 1/8 HP
Ice crusher 1/9, 1/8 HP
Lathe Machine/tire changer 1, 2, 3, 4 HP
Milling Machine ¼, ½, ¾, 1 HP
Razor 1/8 HP
Refrigerators
3.5 4 cu ft. 1/2HP
4 5 cu ft. 1/10 HP
5 8 cu ft. 1/8 HP
8 9 cu ft. 1/6 HP
10 12 cu ft. 1/5 HP
12 18 cu ft. 1/4HP
18 24 cu ft. 1/3 HP
Vacuum cleaner ¼, 1/3, ½, 1/6 HP
Vendor Machine ½, 1/8, 1/10 HP
Water cooler ½, 1/8, 1/10 W
Water Pump 1/8, 1/4, 1/2/, 3/4, 1, 2 HP
Washing Machine 1/6, ¼, 1/3, ½ HP
CHAPTER III
BASIS OF ASSSUMPTION
RESIDENTIAL
Type A
1 GATE OPENER@350W 0.35kw

5 CCTV@10W 0.5kw
2 CCTV RECORDER@70w 0.14kw
1 DOORBELL10w 0.01kw
10 LED LIGHT@25w 0.25kw
10 INCANDESCENT@40W 0.4kw
20 FLOURESCENT@25W 0.5kw
1 CHANDELIER@100 0.1kw
3 TELEPHONE@5w 0.015kw
1 ROUTER@10W 0.01kw
1 AQUARIUM@100w 0.1kw
7 LAMP SHADE@25W 0.025kw
4 TV@100w 0.4kw
1 LED TV@75W 0.075kw
3 STEREO SET@100W 0.3kw
3 DESKTOP&PRINTER@200W 0.6kw
3 LAPTOP@25w 0.025kw
2 DVD PLAYER@15w 0.03kw
1 EMERGENCY LIGHT@100w 0.1kw
3 LAPTOP CHARGER@90W 0.27kW
7 SMART CHARGER@10W 0.07kw
1 GLUE GUN@50W 0.05kw
1 BLENDER@300w 0.3kw
2 RICE COOKER@1000W 2kw
2 RANGE BURNER@100W 0.2kw
1 MICROWAVE OVEN@1500W 1.5kw
2 HAIR BLOWER@350W 0.7kw
2 HAIR IRON@100W 0.2kw
1 ELECTRIC GUITAR@100W 0.1kw
1 BREAD TOASTER@300W 0.3kw
2 FLAT IRON@1000W 2kw
1 KEYBOARD PIANO@100w 0.1kw
1 COFFEE MAKER@500W 0.5kw
2 WATER DISPENDER@250w 0.5kw
TOTAL: 12.72KW
General Power Services
5 AIRCONDITIONER@ 1HP
5 ELECTRIC FAN@ ½ HP
1 WATER PUMP@ 2HP
2 REFRIGERATOR@ ¼ HP
1 WASHING MACHINE@ ½ HP
1 VACUUM CLENER@ ¼ HP
1 FLOOR POLISHER@ ¼ HP
1 ICE CRUSHER@1/8 HP
TYPE B
2 CCTV@15W 0.03kw
1 CCTV RECORDER@100W 0.1kw
1 DOORBELL@10w 0.01kw
1 TELEPHONE@10W 0.01kw
1 ROUTER@10W 0.01kw
2 TV@100W 0.2kw
2 STEREO SET@100 0.2kw
1 DESKTOP/PRINTER@500W 0.5kw
1 LAPTOP@50W 0.05kw
1 DVD PLAYER@100W 0.1kw
1 LAPTOP CHARGER@90W 0.09kw
1 BLENDER@600W 0.6kw
1 RANGE BURNER@100W 0.1kw
1 MICROWAVE OVEN@1500W 1.5kw
1 ELECTRIC GUITAR@100W 0.1kw
1 COFFEE MAKER@500W 0.5kw
1 WATER DISPENDER@250 0.25kw
TOTAL: 8.395 KW
2 AIRCONDITIONER@ 1HP
1 WATER PUMP@ 2HP
1 VACUUM CLENER@ ¼ HP
1 FLOOR POLISHER@ ¼ HP
1 ICE CRUSHER@1/8 HP
TYPE C

1 TV@100W 0.1kw
1 STEREO SET@100 0.1kw
1 LAPTOP@50W 0.05kw
1 LAPTOP CHARGER@90W 0.09kw
1 BLENDER@600W 0.6kw
1 RANGE BURNER@100W 1kw
TOTAL: 5.595 KW
BARANGAY HALL
1 SOUND SYSTEM@500W 0.5kw

1 STEREO SET100W 0.1kw
1 CCTV RECORDER@100W 0.1kw
4 CCTV@15 0.06kw
75 STREET LIGHTS@100W 7.5kw
1 WATER DISPENSER@600W 0.6kw
1 RADIO@150W 0.15kw
2 DESKTOP&PRINTER@500W 1kw
1 TV SET@100W 0.1kw
7 SPOTLIGHT@100W 0.7kw
25 FLOURESCENT@40W 1kw
TOTAL: 12.46KW
5 ELECTRIC FAN @ 1/8 HP
Elementary School
100 Fluorescent Lamp @ 40W 4kw

50 Incandescent Lamp @ 20W 1kw
10 Spot Light @ 100W 1kw
3 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.3kw
3 DVD Player @ 50W 0.15kw
20 Desktop Computer @ 500W 10kw
2 Water Dispenser @ 250W 0.5kw
10 Fire Alarm @ 25W 0.25kw
1 Bundy Clock @ 30W 0.03kw
10 Laptop Computers @ 50W 0.5kw
1 Projector @ 2500W 2.5kw
1 Telephone @ 10W 0.01kw
1 Sound System @ 500W 0.5kw
Total: 20.74 KW
5 Air-Condition @ 1Hp
25 Electric Fan @ 1/8 Hp
High School

40 Spotlight @ 100W 4kw
10 T.V. Set @ 100W 1kw
10 DVD Player @ 100W 1kw
15 Desktop Computer @ 500W 7.5kw
20 Laptop Computers @ 50W 1kw
20 Wireless Router @ 10W 0.2kw
50 Emergency Light @ 10W 0.5kw
3 Keyboard (Organ) @ 100W 0.3kw
2 Electric Guitar @ 300W 0.6kw
20 CCTV Camera @ 5W 0.1kw
2 CCTV Recorder @ 50W 0.1kw
2 Cash Register @ 30W 0.06kw
Total: 30.45 KW
100 Air-Condition @ 1 Hp
1 Water Pump @ 5 Hp
3 Vacuum Cleaner @ 1/8 Hp
2 Vending Machine @ ½ Hp
Gymnasium
5 Fluorescent Lamp @ 40W 0.2kw

10 Incandescent Lamp @ 20W 0.2kw
2 Projector @ 2500W 5kw
2 Sound System @ 500W 1kw
5 Spot Light @ 100W 0.5kw
Total: 7.9 KW

Chapel

1 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.1kw
1 Desktop @ 500W 0.5kw
Total: 4.25 KW
1 Vacuum Cleaner @ ½ Hp
1 Floor Polisher @ ½ Hp
1 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
Church

2 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.2kw
3 Stereo Set @ 100W 0.3kw
Total: 5.35 KW
1 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
Gasoline Station

2 CCTC Recorder @ 50W 0.1kw
1 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.1kw
1 Radio @ 150W 0.15kw
2 Adding Machine @ 40W 0.08kw
Total: 3.715KW

5 Fuel Pump (2 Nozzles) @ 1 Hp
Sari – Sari Store

1 Radio @ 150W 0.15kw
Total: 0.29 KW
1 Refrigerator @ ¼ Hp
Welding Shop

1 Sander @ 1000W 1kw
1 Electric Drill @ 1000W 1kw
1 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.1kw
1 Car Battery Charger @ 500W 0.5kw
1 Radio @ 150W 0.15kw
1 Welding Machine @ 10 000W 10kw
Total: 12.93 KW
1 Compressor @ 1 ½ Hp
Vulcanizing Shop

1 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.1kw
1 Car Battery Charger @ 500W 1kw
Total: 3.28kw
1 automatic tire changer @ 1 ½ Hp

Water Refilling Station

1 Radio @ 150W 0.15kw
1 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.1kw
2 Hot Air Gun @ 1000W 2kw
1 Telephone @ 10W 0.01W
Total: 2.96 KW
2 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
Corn/Rice Mill

1 Radio @ 150W 0.15kw
4 Spot Light @ 100W 0.4kw
Total: 1.62 KW

5 Electric Fan @ ½ Hp
2 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
2 Blower @ 5 Hp
2 Milling Machine@ 5Hp
2 Electric Motor@ 5 Hp
BUYING STATION
4 Fluorescent lamp@40W 0.16kw
1 Desktop@ 500W 0.5kw
2 Printer@ 100W 0.2kw
1 Coffee Maker @800W 0.8kw
1 Water Dispenser @250W 0.25kw
Total: 1.91kw
GENERAL POWER SERVICE

1 Air Conditioner 1HP
4 Electric Fan ¼ HP
1 Refrigerator ½ HP
1 Floor polisher ½ HP
4 Motor 1HP
FUNERAL HOME
20 Fluorescent lamp @40W 0.8kw

10 Incandescent lamp @20W 0.2kw
3 TV set@100W 0.3kw
3 DVD player@100W 0.3kw
2 Radio @150W 0.3kw
2 Desktop @500W 1kw
Total: 2.9KW
10 Electric fan @1/4hp
BARBER SHOP
2 Fluorescent Lamp @40w 0.08kw

4 Electric Razor@5w 0.02kw
4 Electric Shaver@15w 0.06kw
1 Colored TV@150w 0.15kw
1 Electric Massage@200w 0.2kw
Total: 0.31KW
1 Air conditioner 1HP

1 Floor Plan ½
Restaurant

1 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.1kw
1 DVD Set @ 100W 0.1kw
2 Blender @ 300W 0.6kw
2 Range Burner @ 1000W 2kw
2 Bread Toaster @ 300W 0.6kw
2 Rice Cooker @ 600W 1.2kw
2 Water Heater @ 500W 1kw
2 Cash Register @ 30W 0.06
2 Microwave Oven @ 1500W 3kw
Total: 12.51 KW
1 Air Blower @ 2 Hp
2 Air – Condition @ 5 Hp
1 Water Pump @ 2 Hp
2 Ice Crusher @ 1/8 Hp
Municipal Hall

5 Aquarium @ 150W 0.75kw
10 Adding Machine @ 50W 0.5kw
15 Photo Copy Machine @ 1150W 17.25kw
15 T.V. Set @ 100W 1.5kw
15 Radio @ 150W 2.25kw
25 Laptop @ 50W 1.25kw
10 Projector @ 2500 25kw
15 Water Dispenser 250W 3.75kw
10 Fire Alarm @ 25 W 0.25kw
Total: 202 KW
50 Air-Condition @ 2 Hp
1 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
2 Floor Polisher @ ¼ Hp
2 Vacuum Cleaner @ ¼ Hp
Internet Shop

3 Printer @ 250W 0.75kw
Total: 11.18KW
Bank
3 ATM Machine @ 500W 1.5kw
5 Laptop Computer @ 50W 0.25kw
Total: 9.77KW
PNP/BJMP/BFP Head Quarters

3 Satellite Disc @ 150W 0.45kw
10 T.V. Set @ 100W 1kw
10 Rechargeable Flashlight @ 10W 1kw
10 Cellphone Charger @ 10W 1kw
10 Laptop @ 50W 5kw
2 Photo Copy Machine @ 1150W 2.3kw
20 VCR @ 40W 0.8kw
Total: 31.02KW
1 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
PUBLIC MARKET
300 Fluorescent lamp @40W 12kw

350 Incandescent lamp @20W 7kw
50 TV set@100W 5kw
40 DVD player@100W 4kw
30 Radio@150W 4.5kw
15 Stereo set @100W 1.5kw
Total: 34KW
15 Refrigerator @1/4hp
10 Milling machine @1hp
5 Vending machine @1/4hp
Clinic

2 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.2kw
1 Radio @ 150W 0.15kw
1 X-Ray Unit @ 1000W 1kw
1 CT-Scan @ 1000W 1kw
Total: 6.75KW

1 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
Drugstore

2 ATM Machine @ 500W 1kw
Total: 3.03 KW
1 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
BAKERY

2 Bread Slicer @500W 1kw
1 Mixer @500W 0.5kw
1 Bread toaster @300W 0.3kw
2 Blender @100W 0.2kw
1 Oven @1000W 1kw
Total: 3.6 KW
General Power Services:
GROCERY

10 CCTV camera@5W 0.05kw
2 CCTV recorder@50W 0.1kw
5 Desktop @500W 2.5kw
2 Stereo set @100W 0.2kw
Total: 11.05KW
5 Aircon @5hp
5 Refrigerator @1/4hp
Farm Supply

2 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.2kw
1 Telephone @ 10W 0.01W
1 Radio @ 150W 0.15kw
Total: 1.16 KW
1 Water Pump @ 1 Hp
Hotel

30 T.V. Set @ 100W 3kw
20 Cell phone Charger @ 10W 0.2kw
2 Bread Toaster @ 300W 0.6kw
5 Blender @ 300W 1.5kw
2 Coffee Maker @ 1500W 3kw
10 Shaver @ 20W 0.2kw
10 Hair Dryer @ 350W 3.5kw
2 Microwave Oven @ 1500W 3kw
3 Range Burner @ 1000W 3kw
Total: 116.6KW
35 Air – Condition @ 1Hp

2 Water Pump @ 5 Hp
5 Washing Machine @ ¼ Hp
Car and motor parts

2 Car Battery Charger @ 500W 1kw
2 Electric Drill @ 1000W 2kw
Total: 7.21KW
2 Compressor @ 1 Hp
2 Vacuum Cleaner @ 1/8 Hp
Commercial Establishment

10 CCTV @ 5W 0.05kw
5 Radio @ 150W 0.75kw
5 T.V. Set @ 100W 0.5kw
10 Drop Light @ 65W 0.65kw
2 Projector @ 2500W 5kw
Total: 62.39 KW
5 Air-Condition @ 1HP
5 Air-Condition @ 5Hp
1 Water Pump @ 1Hp
FURNITURE SHOP

1 TV set@100W 100W 0.1kw
1 Radio@150W 150W 0.15kw
1 DVD player @100W 0.1kw
2 Electric drill @1000W 2kw
2 Plainer @1000W 2kw
2 Sander @1000W 2kw
Total: 6.95kW
1 Circular saw @1hp

1 Compressor @1hp
Hospital

2 X-Ray Unit @ 1000W 2kw
2 CT-Scan @ 1400W 2.8kw
2 Ultrasound @ 500W 1kw
50 T.V. Set @ 100W 5kw
50 DVD Set @ 100W 5kw
10 Laptop @ 50W 0.5kw
10 Radio @ 150W 1.5kw
Total: 97.66 KW
2 Water Pump @ 5 Hp
50 Air - Condition @ 1 Hp
MALL
1500 Incandescent lamp@20W 30kw

50 TV set@100W 5kw
30 DVD player@100W 3kw
20 Radio@150W 3kw
20 CCTV camera@5W 0.1kw
150 Desktop@500W 2.5kw
10 Stereo set@100W 1kw
50 Laptop@50W 2.5kw
30 Fire alarm@25W 0.75kw
5 Cash register@30W 0.15kw
25 Emergency light@5W 0.125kw
2 Electric guitar@100W 0.2kw
2 Keyboard piano@100W 0.2kw
10 Wireless router@10W 0.1kw
2 Electric massage@350W 0.7kw
50 Adding machine@100W 5kw
Total: 134.475KW
10 Aircon @1hp
1 Water pump @2hp
RESORT

10 Videoke@250W 2.5kw
5 CCTV camera@5W 0.25
2 Sanction machine@500W 1kw
Total: 6.8KW
3 Water pump @5hp

10 Electric fan @1/2h
CHAPTER V
MAXIMUM DEMAND
POWER DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM
POWER
PLANT
SUB SUB
STATION STATION
FEEDER FEEDER FEEDER FEEDER

1 2 3 4
T1-T35 T36-T70
T71-T105 T106-T140
TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER
CONSUMERS
Residential Lightings TOTAL NUMBER OF CONSUMERS

Type A @ = 233
Type B @ = 476
Type C @ = 969
Commercial Lightings
Barangay Hall = 20
Elementary School = 15
High school = 3
Gymnasium = 6
Chapel = 3
Church = 8
Gasoline Station = 4
Sari-sari Store = 171
Welding Shop = 6
Vulcanizing Shop = 13
Water Refiling Station = 22
Corn/Rice Mill = 1
Buying Station = 4
Funeral Home = 2
Barber Shop = 3
Restaurant = 8
Municipal Hall = 1
Internet Shop = 3
Bank = 2
BFP Station = 2
PNP Station = 2
Public Market = 5
Clinic = 3
Drugstore/Pharmacy = 5
Bakery = 8
Grocery Store = 5
Farm Supply = 4
Hotel = 1
Car and Motor Parts = 7
Commercial Establishment = 9
Furniture Shop = 1
Hospital = 2
Mall = 2
Resort = 10
Total= 2039
FEEDER= Sum of Transformers Consumption.

1.3
2581.17 KW
FEEDER 1 = =1985.514 KW
1.3
2649.52 KW
FEEDER 2 = =2038.091 KW
1.3
2460.74 KW
FEEDER 3 = =1892.875 KW
1.3
3036.06 KW
FEEDER 4 = =2335.433 KW
1.3
SUB- STATION = SUB STATION 1: F1 +F2 SUB STATION 2: F2+F3

1.2 1.2
1985.514 KW + 2038.091 KW
SUB- STATION 1= =3351.005 KVa
1.2
1892.875 KW +2335.433 KW
SUB- STATION 2= =3523.59 KVa
1.2
POWER PLANT CAPACITY = Sub- Station 1+Sub-Station 2

1.1
POWER PLANT CAPACITY

3353.005 kVa+3523.59 KVa
= =6556.268 KVa
1.1
Note* 5% of load losses
PEAK LOAD = PPC + PPC×0.05
PEAK LOAD = 6556.268 KVa + 6556.268 KVa (0.05)
PEAK LOAD = 6884.0814KVa

AREA OF DAILY LOAD CURVE
Pn 1+ Pn2
(A = x time)
2
2200+1300
A1 = (12mn –1am) = ¿ ¿ x 1hr. =1,750kw-hr
2
1300+2000
A2 = (1am – 2am) = x 1hr. =1,650kw-hr
2
2000+1200
A3 = (2am – 3am) = x 1hr. =1,600kw-hr
2
1200+2200
A4 = (3am – 4am) = x 1hr. =2,000kw-hr
2
2200+1500
A5 = (4am – 5am) = x 1hr. =1,850kw-hr
2
1500+2250
A6 = (5am – 6am) = x 1hr. =1,875kw-hr
2
2250+1600
A7 = (6am – 7am) = x 1hr. =1,925kw-hr
2
1600+2300
A8 = (7am – 8am) = x 1hr. =1,950kw-hr
2
2300+1650
A9 = (8am – 9am) = x 1hr. =1,975kw-hr
2
1650+2350
A10 = (9am – 10am) = x 1hr. =2,000kw-hr
2
2350+1700
A11 = (10am – 11am) = x 1hr. =2,025kw-hr
2
1700+2000
A12 = (11am – 12nn) = x 1hr. =1,850kw-hr
2
2000+1800
A13 = (12nn – 1pm) = x 1hr. =1,900kw-hr
2
1800+1900
A14 = (1pm – 2pm) = x 1hr. =1,850kw-hr
2
1900+2000
A15 = (2pm – 3pm) = x 1hr. =1,950kw-hr
2
2000+1950
A16 = (3pm – 4pm) = x 1hr. =1,975kw-hr
2
1950+2050
A17 = (4pm – 5pm) = x 1hr. =2,000kw-hr
2
2050+2200
A18 = (5pm – 6pm) = x 1hr. =2,125kw-hr
2
2200+2350
A19 = (6pm – 7pm) = x 1hr. =2,275kw-hr
2
2350+2300
A20 = (7pm – 8pm) = x 1hr. =2,325kw-hr
2
2300+4000
A21 = (8pm – 9pm) = x1hr. =3,175kw-hr
2
4000+6000
A22 = (9pm – 10pm) = x 1hr. =5,000kw-hr
2
6000+7760
A23 = (10pm – 11pm) = x 1hr. =6,880kw-hr
2
7760+2200
A24 = (11pm – 12mn) = x 1hr. =3,980Kw-hr
2
Total = 59,885Kw-hr
CHAPTER VI
DAILY LOAD CURVE
The load curve explains that at 12:00 midnight, street
lighting, and night club, appliances of houses are open and
functioning. At 1-3:30 AM the load is smoothly going down
because some houses off their appliances night use as well as
the clubs.
At 4-6 AM the load suddenly up because it is the habit
of bakers to wake up early to prepare, at 7-11 AM, the load
suddenly up again because other offices are open specially
schools.
From 11:30-1 PM, the load smoothly going down because it
is lunch time, and some appliances and equipment of
industries, companies and offices are close.
At 1:20-2 PM, the load suddenly up again because
industries, companies and offices will resume their work, and
as well as electrical equipment are functioning.
From 3:-7 PM, the load is smoothly going up because
some houses are starting to open their appliances.

From 7:30-10PM the load going upward, 10:10pm-10:45pm
reach the peak load.
At 11-12 midnight, the load smoothly going down again
because residences will shut off their lights and appliances.
This load curve is based from the survey of load conditions,
and geographic distribution of load from the town which the
proper plant is stand up.

CHAPTER VII
CHOICE OF POWER PLANT SITE
Power Plant Chosen: Diesel Power Plant
In today's world, where fuel prices are increasing as a
consequence of spiralling demand and diminishing supply, you
need to choose a cost effective fuel to meet your needs.
Thanks to the invention of Rudolph Diesel, the diesel engine
has proved to be extremely efficient and cost effective.
Diesel fuel is priced moderately higher than other kinds of
fuel but diesel has a higher energy density, more energy can
be extracted from diesel as compared with the same volume of
other fuel. Therefore, diesel engines in automobiles provide
higher mileage, making it an obvious choice for heavy-duty
equipment. Diesel is heavier and oilier compared with some
kinds of fuel, and has a boiling point higher than that of
water. And diesel engines are attracting greater attention
due to higher efficiency and cost effectiveness.

ADVANTAGES OF DEISEL ENGINE
 The construction of diesel power plants is simple.
 The plants can be put on load easily.
 The plants can be started quickly.
 No need of requiring large amount of water for cooling.
 The size of diesel engine plant is small compared to the
steam plant for the same capacity of generation.
 The maintenance cost of the plants is less.
 The thermal efficiency of diesel plants is high compared
to the steam plants.
 There is no standby loss for diesel power plants.
 The plants can be easily located nearer to load center.

POWER PLANT SITE
I chose the Barangay Alinunu to be the site of the plant
due to its pleasing location that meets the plant requirements.
It is accessible of water since it is near to the Abulug River,
where the plant needed as cooling medium. The real estate cost
is reasonable and its accessibility to transportation is high
since it’s along the National Highway.
AREA
Tulug, the original name of Abulug had been a flourishing
fishing village long before Don Juan Salcedo sailed to the
mouth of Abulug River in 1572. In 1629, the name "tulug" was
changed into Abulug, including two barangays of Totol and
Capitana. It is a typical Ybanag town. The Municipality of
Abulug, is a 3rd class municipality,
the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2015
census, it has a population of 32,497 people.
GEOGRAPHY
Abulug is a coastal municipality in the province of Cagayan.

The municipality has a land area of 162.60 square kilometers
or 62.78 square miles which constitutes 1.75% of Cagayan's
total area. It is politically divided into 20 barangays.
TOPOGRAPHY
The terrain of the municipality is basically plain with
98% of the total land area under 0-2% slope category and only
2% of the total area is under 2-3.5 percent slope category.
The excellent topography of the municipality has made
irrigations by gravity method applicable in supplying water in
rice paddies.
LAND CLASSIFICATION
The soil type of Abulug is 49.89% Sta. Rita Clay Loam
which is suited for lowland crops like rice, tobacco, and
corn. Other soil types are Bago series (26.04%), San Manuel
Series (9.87%), PeÑaranda (2.31%), Agustin Series (7.95),
River Wash Gravel (3.95%). The long and mighty Abulug River,
the biggest tributary of the Cagayan River lies in the vast
plains devoted to agriculture in the area.

CLIMATE
The town’s climate falls under 3rd type. This type of
climate is characterized by no pronounced maximum rain period
with a period with short dry season lasting from 1 to 3
months. Rainfall starts in July and continues through December
with either October or November as the peak of the rainy
season.
CHAPTER VIII
UNIT COMBINATION
COMBINATION 1
9000
7200
5400
ENGINE(KW)
3600
1800
0
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TIME
COMBINATION 2
7833
6714
5595
ENGINE(KW)
4476
3357
2238
1119
0
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TIME
COMBINATION 3
8000
6000
ENGINE(KW)
4000
2000
0
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
TIME
Combination 1:
CHOOSING THE MOST EFFICIENT COMBINATION

12:00mn ------ Engine 1-2 operate
01:00am ------ Engine 1 operate
02:00am ------ Engine 1-2 operate, Engine 2 Starts
03:00am ------ Engine 1 operates, Engine 2 Starts
04:00am ------ Engine 1-2 operates
05:00am ------ Engine 1 operates, Engine 2 Stops
06:00am ------ Engine 1-2 operates, Engine 2 Starts
07:00am ------ Engine 1 operates Engine 2 Stops
12:00nn ------- Engine 1-2 operates
01:00pm ------ Engine 1 operates, Engine 2 Stops
02:00pm ------ Engine 1-2 operates
03:00pm ------ Engine 1-2 operates,
09:00pm ------ Engine 1-3 operates, Engine 3 Starts
11:00pm ------ Engine 1-5 operate, Engine 5 Starts
12:00mn ------ Engine 1-2 operate, Engine 3-5 Stops
NOTE: ENGINES SHOULD START 5 MINUTES BEFORE THE RUNNING TIME

CONDITION PRIOR TO THE SYNCRONIZATION.
ENGINE # 1 24 HOURS
ENGINE # 2 18 HOURS
ENGINE # 3 3 HOURS
ENGINE # 4 1 HOUR
ENGINE # 5 1 HOUR
ENGINE # 6 STAND BY
TOTAL HOURS 47 HOURS
TOTAL KW DELIVERED PER DAY

TKWD = Number of hours of operation x rated kW of each generator
TKWD =47 hours x 1800 kW
TKWD = 84,600 KW-HR
TOTAL KW LOSSES, TKWL
TKWL = TKWD – Total Area under the Load Curve
TKWL = 84,600 KW-HR –59,885KW-HR
TKWL = 24715 KW-HR.

Fuel Consumption (FC) = 469.8 L/hr. x 47 hrs.
Fuel consumption (FC) = 22080.6 L
Combination 2:
01:00am ------ Engine 1-2 operate
02:00am ------ Engine 1-2 operate
07:00am ------ Engine 1-2 operates, Engine 3 Stops
12:00nn ------- Engine 1-2 operates
09:00pm ------ Engine 1-4 operates, Engine 3 Stops
10:00pm ------ Engine 1-6 operates, Engine 5-6 Starts
11:00pm ------ Engine 1-7 operate, Engine 7 Starts
12:00mn ------ Engine 1-2 operate, Engine 3-7 Stops

ENGINE # 1 24 HOURS
ENGINE # 2 24 HOURS
ENGINE # 3 8 HOURS
ENGINE # 4 3 HOUR
ENGINE # 5 2 HOURS
ENGINE # 6 2 HOURS
ENGINE # 7 1 HOUR
ENGINE # 8 STAND BY

TKWD = Number of hours of operation x rated kw of each generator
TKWD = 64 hours x 1119 kw
TKWD = 71616 KW-HR
TKWL = 71,616KW-HR ––59,885KW-HR
TKWL = 11731 KW-HR.
Fuel Consumption (FC) = 305.4 L/hr. x 64 hrs.

Fuel consumption (FC) = 19545.6 L
Combination 3:

01:00am ------ Engine 1 operate, Engine 2 Stop
02:00am ------ Engine 1 operate
03:00am ------ Engine 1 operates
04:00am ------ Engine 1-2 operates, Engine 2 Start
05:00am ------ Engine 1 operates, Engine 2 Stop
12:00nn ------- Engine 1 operates
01:00pm ------ Engine 1 operates
05:00pm ------ Engine 1-2 operates, Engine 2 Start
10:00pm ------ Engine 1-3 operates, Engine 3 Start
11:00pm ------ Engine 1-4 operate, Engine 4 Start
12:00mn ------ Engine 1-2 operate, Engine 3-4 Stop

ENGINE # 1 24 HOURS
ENGINE # 2 13 HOURS
ENGINE # 3 2 HOURS
ENGINE # 4 1 HOUR
ENGINE # 5 STAND BY

TKWD = Number of hours of operation x rated kW of each generator
TKWD = 40 hours x 2000 kW
TKWD = 80,000 KW-HR
TKWL = 80,000 KW-HR ––59,885KW-HR
TKWL = 20115 KW-HR.
Fuel Consumption (FC) = 471 L/hr. x 40 hrs.

Fuel consumption (FC) = 18840 L.
∴SINCE COMBINATION 2 HAS THE LEAST POWER LOSS OF ONLY 11,731 KW-Hr ,I
THEREFORE CONCLUDE THAT COMBINATION 2 IS THE MOST EFFICIENT
COMBINATION AMONG THE THREE COMBINATIONS.
CHAPTER IX
Functions of Machine Foundation:
1. To support the weight of the machine and, to distribute the
weight of the machine and its own over a safe sub-soil area.
2. To absorb the vibrations produce by the machine.
3. To maintain the alignment of the machine.
Machine Foundation Requirements
 All heavy machinery shall be supported on solid foundations of
sufficient mass and base area to prevent or minimize the
transmission of objectionable vibration to the buildings and
occupied space and to maintain the supported machine at its
proper elevation and alignment.

 Foundation mass should be from 3 to 5 times the weight of
machinery it is supposed to support. If the unbalanced
inertial forces produced by the machine shall be calculated, a
mass of weight equal to 10 to 20 times the forces should be
used to dampen vibration. For stability, the total combined
engine, driven equipment and foundation center of gravity must
be kept below the foundations top.
 The weight of machine plus the weight of the foundation should
be distributed over a sufficient soil area which is large
enough to cause a bearing stress within the safe bearing
capacity of the soil with factor of safety of five(50).
 Foundation should be isolated from floor slabs or building
footings by at least 25 mm around its perimeter to eliminate
transmission of vibration.
 Foundations are preferably built of concrete in the proportion
of 1:2:4. The machine should not be place on the foundation
until seven (7) days elapsed or operated until another seven
(7) days have passed.
 Concrete foundations should have steel bar reinforcements
placed both vertically and horizontally, to avoid thermal
cracking. Weight of reinforced steel should be from 1/2% to 1%
of the weight of foundation.
 Foundation bolts of specified size should be used and
surrounded by a pipe sleeve with an inside diameter of at
least 3 times the diameter of the anchor bolt and length 18
times the diameter of the bolt. No foundation bolts shall be
less than 12 mm diameter.

 Machine should be leveled by driving wedges between the
machine’s base and concrete foundation and with the aid of a
spirit level. Grout all spaces under the machine bed with a
thin mixture of one part cement and one part sand. The level
wedges should be removed after grout has thoroughly set and
fill wedges holes with grout.
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
Engine Model– 3512 TA,V-12 – 1119KW Price: ₱ 15,000,000
Engine Brand – Caterpillar
FUEL CONSUMPTION - 305.4 L/hr.
Dimensions: (L X W X H)
105 in x 67 in x 68 in
2.667 m x 1.7018 m x 1.7272 m
W m = weight of the machine = 6,078 kg
ELONS
Dimension of the Machine Foundation
1. Length of Foundation
Lf =Lb +2 c
Lf = length of the foundation
Lb= length of bedplate
C = clearance
= 1 foot or 10% of the length of the bedplate
Ref: Mechanical engineering formulas by R.S. Capote
Say 1= 10 0/0
Lf =Lb +2 c
Lf =2.667m +2(0.1 x 2.667m)
Lf= 3.2m
2. Upper Width of the Machine Foundation; a
a= W +2c
Where: W = with of the bedplate = 3.4036 m
c = clearance
= 10% of the width
Thus: a = 1.7018m + 2(0.1 x 1.7018m)
a = 2.04m
3. Weight of Machine Foundation;W f
W f = 3 to 5 times Wm
Where: W m = weight of the machine = 6,078 kg
W f = 6,078 kg x 5
W f = 30,390kg
4. Determine the volume of the foundation, V f
Wf
Vf=
ρ
Where: ρ = density of concrete = 2,406 kg/m3
30,390 kg
Vf=
2,406 kg /m3
V f = 12.63m3
5. Lower width of the Machine Foundation; b

S b W m +W f
=
N b ( Lf )
N (W m +W f )
b =
Sb Lf
Where: Sb = safe soil bearing capacity
tons
Sb = 64 ; Table 4-4. Page 105 Power Plant
m2
Engineering by: F.T. Morse
N = factor of safety, if not given, it is usually 2
Note: if b < a, then make b = a, that is, the foundation has a
rectangular cross-section.
Thus:
N (W m +W f )
b =
Sb Lf
2(6,078 kg +30,390 kg)

b =
(
tons 1,000 kg
64 2 x
m 1ton )
x 3.2 m
b = 0.36 m
Therefore:
b = a = 2.04 m
6. Depth of the Machine Foundation; h
Vf
( )
h = a+b
(Lf )
2
12.63 m3
(
h = 2.04 m+2.04 m
2
(3.2 m) )
h = 1.93 m
7. Weight of Steel bar Reinforcements,W sb
1
W sb = %¿ 1 % x W f
2
Thus: W sb=0.01 x 30,390 kg
W sb =303.9 kg
8. Area of the Foundation, Ab
Ab =Lf x b
Ab =3.2 m x 2.04 m
2
Ab =6.53 m
9. Total load = weight of foundation + weight of machine
TL = 30,390 kg+ 6,078kg

Total load = 36,468 kg
CHECKING AGAINST DIRECT SETTLEMENT
tons
Sb = 64 2 ; Table 4-4. Page 105 Power Plant
m
A b x S b> W f
2 1,000 kg
6.53 m x >30,390 kg
1 ton
Thus:
326,500 kg¿ 30,390 kg
Therefore: The foundation is safe.
Moment on Foundation, M f
W f x Lf
Mf =
2
30,390 kg x 3.2 m
Mf =
2
M f =¿48,624 kg-m
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Where:
F c= compressive unit stress of concrete = 12 MPa
F s= tensile unit in the longitudinal reinforcement = 120 MPa
N= factor of safety
For Effective Length Factor Compressive
N
k=
Fs
N+
Fc
10
k=
120
10+
12
k =¿ 0.50
Effective Length factor from Flexural Member, J
k
J=1−
3
0.50
J=1−
3
J=0.833
From: Strength of Materials 4th Edition by: F.L. Singer &
A.Pytel page 377-378
Effective depth of Foundation, d
1
M = x F c x b x d x jd
2
d=
√ 2M
Fc x b x d x j
√
kg
2 x 48,624 kg−m x 9.81
m
d=
N
12 x 106 x 0.5 x 0.833 x 3.2 m
m2
d=0.24 m
MACHINE FOUNDATION MATERIALS
Mixture – 1:2:3
Table 4-1-page 90 Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse
sacks
Cement = 9.2 3
mc
m3
Sand = 0.51
mc3
3
m
Gravel = 0.77
mc3
9. for the number of sacks of cement
sacks
Sack of Cement = 9.2 xVf
m c3
sacks 3
Sack of Cement = 9.2 3
x 12.63 m
mc
Sack of Cement = 117 sacks of cement
10. for the volume of Sand

3
m
Volume of Sand = 0.51 x Vf
mc3
3
m 3
Volume of Sand = 0.51 3
x 12.63 m
mc
Volume of Sand = 6.44 m3 of sand
11. for the volume of Gravel
m3
Volume of Gravel = 0.77 3 x V f
mc
m3 3
Volume of Gravel = 0.77 3
x 12.63 m
mc
Volume of Gravel = 9.73 m3 of gravel
12. for the Steel bars
Simplified engineering for architects and builders by: Harry
Parker 3rd Ed. From 13-7 pp. 295, use bar designation # 5
Diameter = 0.625 inch = 15.875 mm
lb 1 kg 3.281 ft
Weight per Length of Steel bar, W L =1.043 x x
sb
ft 2.205 lb 1m
kg
W L =1.552
sb
m
W sb
13. Length of Steel bar, Lsb =
WL sb
303.9 kg
Lsb =
kg
1.552
m
Lsb =195.81 m
14. Length of Steel bar per way
Lsb 195.81 m 97.91 m

= =
way 2 way way
15. Number of Steel bar per Way, N sb
For the width:
Lsb
N sb =
a
97.91 m
N sb =
2.04 m
N sb =48 steel bars @ 2.04m
Bar Spacing for 99 bars on length
Lf
Bar Spacing =
N sb +1
3.2m
Bar Spacing =
48+1
Bar Spacing = 65.31 mm
# 5 steel bars are laid on the width 38.2 mm O.C.
For the length:
Lsb
N sb =
Lf
195.81 m
N sb =
3.2 m
N sb =¿61.19 steel bars @ 3.2 m

Bar Spacing for 81 bars on the width
a
Bar Spacing =
N sb +1
2.04 m
Bar Spacing =
61.19+1
# 5 steel bars are laid on the length 1.9103 mm O.C.
16. Number of Anchor Bolts
bolts
No. of anchor bolts = 14
foundation
Use A354 steel for the bolts
Size: 1inch
Minimum Bolt Tension = 47,250 lbs
From: 11-5 p 175 Simplified Design of Structural Steel by:
Parker
Total Materials for the Machine Foundations of the seven (7)
Engines
117 sacks
Cement = x 8 foundation
foundation
Total cement = 819 sacks
Sand = 6.44m3 of sand x 8 foundation
Total Sand Volume = 51.52 m3
3
Gravel = 9.73 m
x 8 foundation
foundation
Total Gravel Volume = 77.82 m3
m
Steel Bars = 195.81 x 7 foundation
foundation
Total Steel Bars = 1,370.67 m
bolts
No. of Anchor Bolts = 14 x 8 foundation
foundation
Total No. of Anchor Bolts = 112 bolts

LUBRICATION OIL CONSUMPTION
Lubrication oil to be used : SAE 40
kg
Density of oil :
liter
Volume of oil consumption per day, V oil
V oil =amount of oil consumed per hour x period of operation
L hours
V oil =305.4 x 64
hr day
L
V oil =19,545.6
day
DAY TANK
Engine Model:3512 TA,V-12 -1119KW
Total Units of Engine: 8
L
Fuel Consumption per Unit @Maximum Load (100 %) = 305.4
hr
hours
Period of Operation of the 8 Units per Day =64
day
1. Total Fuel Consumption per Day, F c
F c =fuel consumption per unit x period of operation
L hours
F c =305.4 x 64
hr day
L
F c =19,545.6
day
3
m
F c =19.55
day
Used Dimensions of Bulk Storage Tanks Specifications of.
Capacity ----------------------------------------- 46,969
liters
Diameter ------------------------------------------------ 2.44
Height ------------------------------------------------- 10.06
Plate Thickness ---------------------------------------- 6.35
mm
Weight ------------------------------------------------ 5,028
kg
2. Weight of fuel consumed per day, W fc

W fc=volume of fuel consumed x weight of fuel
3
lb kg ft
Where: Weight of fuel = 60 3
x1 x 35.31 3
ft 2.205 lb 1m
kg
Weight of fuel = 960.82
m3
3 kg
Thus: W fc=19.55 m x 960.82
m3
W fc=18,784.031 kg
3.Total Wind Load, Pw
From Power Plant Engineering p.82
Pw =100 x 2 R x h
Where:
kg
100 2
=designwind pressure
m
R = tank radius = 1.22 m
h = height of tank = 10.06 m
Thus:
kg
Pw =¿100 2
x 2 (1.22 m ) x 10.06 m
m
Pw =2,454.64 kg
4.Live Load, L L L L= √( W fc + weight of tank) + Pw

2 2
L L= √( 18,784.031kg+ 5,028 kg)2+ ( 2,454.64 kg )

2
L L=¿ 23,938.21 kg
5.Dead Load or weight of the foundation,W f
W f =1.3 x L L
W f =1.3 x 23,938.21 kg
W f =31,119.67 kg
6.Total Load, T L
T L =LL +W f
T L =23 , 938.21 kg+31,119.67 kg
T L =55,057.88 kg
7.Volume of the Foundation, V f
Wf
Vf=
ρ
Where: ρ = density of concrete = 2,406 kg/m3
Thus:
31 ,119.67 kg
Vf=
kg
2,406 3
m
3
V f =12.93 m
8. Dimensions of the foundation
It is assumed that the height (h), of the foundation is 1.5
tons
m. the soil bearing stress of 64 (Table 4-4. Page 105 Power
m2
Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse) in Tuguegarao
City is reached at one (1) meter below the ground as stated in
the survey results of DPWH of District 02 of Cagayan.
Let the base of the foundation to be square in dimension.
Thus:
a = b
Thus:
2
V f =a x h
a=
√ Vf
h
√
3
12.93 m
a=
1.5 m
a=b=4 m
9.Area of the base of the foundation, Ab
2
Ab =a
2
Ab =( 4. m)
2
Ab =16 m
The foundation is said to be safe if:
Ab x S b> Total Load
Where:
tons kg
Sb = 64 2
=64,000 2 ; Table 4-4. Page 105 Power Plant
m m

T L =55,057.88 kg
Thus:
2 kg
16 m x 64,000 >55,057.88 kg
m2
1,024,000 kg¿ 55,057.88 kg
Wf xa
Mf =
2
31,119.64 kg x 4 m
Mf =
2
M f =¿ 62,239.28 kg-m
Where:
N = factor of safety
N
k=
Fs
N+
Fc
10
k=
120
10+
12
k =¿ 0.50
k
J=1−
3
0.50
J=1−
3
J=0.833
From: Strength of Materials 4th Edition by: F.L. Singer &A.
Pytel page 377-378
1
2
d=
√ 2M
Fc x b x d x j
√
kg
2 x 62,239.28 kg−m x 9.81
m
d=
N
12 x 106 2
x 0.5 x 0.833 x 4 m
m
d=0.25 m
DAY TANK FOUNDATION MATERIALS
Mixture – 1:2:3
3
V f =12.93 m
W f =31,119.67 kg
sacks
Cement = 9.2
m c3
3
m
Sand = 0.51
mc3
3
m
Gravel = 0.77 3
mc
sacks
Sack of Cement = 9.2 xVf
m c3
sacks 3
x 12.93 m
mc
Sack of Cement = 118.96 sacks of cement
3
m
x Vf
mc
3
m 3
x 12.93 m
mc
3
m
x Vf
mc
3
m 3
x 12.93 m
mc

1
W sb = %¿ 1 % x W f
2
Thus: W sb=0.01 x 31,119.67 kg
W sb=311.2 kg
Diameter = 0.625 inch = 15.875 mm
lb 1 kg 3.281 ft
sb
ft 2.205 lb 1m
kg
W L =1.552
sb
m
W sb
WL sb
311.2kg
Lsb =
kg
1.552
m
Lsb =200.52 m
Lsb
a
N sb =
2 way
252 m
4m
N sb =
2 way
N sb =31.5 steel bars per way
17. Bar Spacing
Lf
Bar Spacing =
N sb +1
4m
Bar Spacing =
31.5+1
Bar Spacing = 123 mm
# 5 steel bars are laid on 123 mm O.C. both ways

STORAGE TANK DESIGN
Engine Model:
Total Units of Engine: 8
L
Fuel Consumption per Unit @Maximum Load (100 %) = 305.4
hr
hours
Period of Operation of the 8 Units per Day =64
day
1. Total Fuel Consumption per Day, F c
F c =fuel consumption per unit x period of operation
Thus:
L hours
F c =305.4 x 64
hr day
L
F c =19,545.6
day
3
m
F c =19.55
day
2. Total Fuel Consumed in 60 days, F c 60
F c =F c x 60 days
60
m3
F c =19.55 x 60 days
60
day
F c =1,173 m3
60
2 tanks = 586.5 m3 per storage tank
3. Volume of a single Storage Tank, V t
V t =600 m 3
Assume the height (h) of the tank for the calculation of
the tank diameter (D).
Hence:
h = 12 m
From:
π 2
Volume of cylinder = D xh
4
D=
√ 4V
πh
Thus:
D=
√ 4 x 600 m3
π x 12 m
D=7.98 m
4. Calculation for the Inner Pressure, P
P= ρfuel x g x h
Where:
kg
ρ fuel =960.82
m3
m
g=9.81 2
s
h=12 m
Thus:
kg m
P=960.82 3
x 9.81 2 x 12 m
m s
N
P=113,107.73
m2
kN
P=113.1077 2
m
5. Calculation for the thickness of the tank, T
From Design of Machine Elements by V.M. Faires, 4th ed.
Table AT 7, p. 576
Use C1020 (Annealed)
Where:
Su=57,000 psi=392,892.86 kPa
But:
Su PD
=
F . S . 2 tE
PD x F . S .
t=
2 x Su x E
Where:
E = efficiency of longitudinal joint

For Brazed Steel, E = 80 % (PSME Code 2003 edition,
Chapter 7, page 147)
For Repeated, One Direction, Gradual Load, F.S. = 6
Thus:
113.1077 kPa x 7.98 mm x 6

t=
2 x 392,892.86 kPa x 0.80
t=8.61 mm
6. Weight of the storage tank,W ST
W ST =ρ steel x V steel tank
Where:
lb kg
ρ steel=0.284 3
=7,859.7 3
¿ m
From Design of Machine Elements by V.M. Faires, 4th ed.
Table AT 7, p. 576
V steel tank =( πD x h x t )+ 2 { π
4
[
2
D+ ( 2 t ) ] x t }
V steel tank =( πx 7.98 m x 12 m x 0.00861 m)
π 2
+2 {
4
[ 7.98 m+ ( 2 x 0.00861m ) ] x 0.00861m }
V steel tank =15.13 m3
Thus:
kg 3
W ST =7,859.7 3
x 15.13 m
m
W ST =118,917.26 kg
Considering the Wind Load
7. Total Wind Load, Pw
From Power Plant Engineering p.82
Pw =100 x 2 R x h
Where:
kg
100 =designwind pressure
m2
R = tank radius = 5.87m
h = height of tank = 12 m
Thus:
kg
Pw =¿100 2
x 2 (5.87 m) x 12 m
m
Pw =14,088 kg
8. Weight of Fuel in a single Storage tank, W fuel
W fuel =ρfuel x V fuel per tank
kg
W fuel =960.82 x
3 1,219.992m
3
m
W fuel =1,172,192.713 kg
9. Live Load, L L
L L= √( W fuel +W ST )2 + Pw 2
L L= √( 1,172,192.713kg +65,916.1600 kg)2+ ( 14,088 kg )

2
L L=¿ 1,238,189.022 kg
10. Weight of Single Storage Tank foundation,W stf
W stf =1.3 x LL
W stf =1.3 x 1,238,189.022kg
W stf =1,609,645.729kg
11. Total Load, T L
T L =LL +W stf
T L =1,238,189.022 kg+1,609,645.729 kg
T L =2,847,834.751 kg
12. Volume of the single tank Foundation, V stf
W stf
Vf=
ρ
Where:
kg
ρ=2,406 (Density of concrete)
m3
Thus:
1,609,645.729 kg
V stf =
kg
2,406 3
m
3
V stf =669.0132m
13. Dimensions of the foundation
It is assumed that the height (h), of the foundation is 2 m.
tons
the soil bearing stress of 64 2 (Table 4-4. Page 105 Power
m
Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse) in Abulug is
reached at one (1) meter below the ground as stated in the
survey results of DPWH of District 02 of Cagayan.
Thus:
h = 2 m
Let the base of the foundation to be square in dimension.
Thus:
a = b
Thus:
2
V f =a x h
a=
√ V stf
h
a=
√ 669.0132 m3
2m
a=b=18.6951m
14. Area of the base of the foundation, Ab
2
Ab =a
2
Ab =(18.6951 m)
2
Ab =349.5067 m
The foundation is said to be safe if:
Where:
tons kg
Sb = 64 2
m m
Engineering by: F.T. Morse0

T L =2,847,834.751 kg
Thus:
2 kg
349.5067 m x 64,000 >2,847,834.751 kg
m2
22,368,428.8kg¿ 2,847,834.751 kg
W stf x a
Mf =
2
1,609,645.729 kg x 18.6951m
Mf =
2
M f =¿15,046,243.93 kg-m
Where:
N
k=
F
N+ s
Fc
10
k=
120
10+
12
k =¿ 0.50
k
J=1−
3
0.50
J=1−
3
J=0.833
From: Strength of Materials 4th Edition by: F.L. Singer
&A.Pytel page 377-378
1
2
d=
√ 2M
Fc x b x d x j
√
kg
2 x 15,046,243.93 kg−m x 9.81
m
d=
N
12 x 106 2
x 0.5 x 0.833 x 18.6951 m
m
d=1.777 m
STORAGE TANK FOUNDATION MATERIALS
3
V stf =669.0132m
W stf =1,609,645.729kg
Mixture – 1:2:3
sacks
Cement = 9.2 3
mc
m3
Sand = 0.51 3
mc
m3
Gravel = 0.77
mc3
sacks
Sack of Cement = 9.2 x V stf
m c3
sacks 3
x 669.0132m
mc
Sack of Cement = 6,154.92 sacks of cement
12,309.8429sacks of cement for 2 storage tank
m3
Volume of Sand = 0.51 x V stf
mc3
m3
x 669.0132m3
mc
Volume of Sand = 314.1967m3 of sand
682.3934m3 Of sand for 2 storage tanks

3
m
x V stf
mc
m3 3
Volume of Gravel = 0.77 3 x 669.0132 m
mc
Volume of Gravel = 515.1401m3 of gravel
1,030.2803m3 Of gravel of gravel for 2 storage tank
1
W sb= % ¿ 1 % x W stf
2
Thus: W sb=0.01 x 1,609,645.729 kg
W sb=16,096.4573 kg
32,192.9146 kg of steel bar for storage tank
Diameter = 19.05 mm
lb 1 kg 3.281 ft
sb
ft 2.205 lb 1m
kg
W L =2.23
sb
m
W sb
WL sb
16,096.4573 kg kg
Lsb =
kg
2.23
m
Lsb =7,218.1423 m

L sb
2 way
N sb =
a
7,218.1423 m
2 way
N sb =
18.6951m
N sb =193 steel bars @18.6951 m per way
22. Bar Spacing
a
Bar Spacing =
N sb +1
18.6951m
Bar Spacing =
193+1
Bar Spacing = 9.6366
# 6 steel bars are laid on 9.6366 O.C. both ways
ROOFING
1. Width of the Roof, W R
W R=
(( 10 m
cos 20
o )
+1 m eave x ( 2 sides )
)
W R=23.2836 m including both eaves on both sides of the roof
2. Length of the Roof, LR
LR =42m
3. Area of the Roof, A R
A R=W R x L R
A R=23.2836 m x 42m
2
A R=977.9112m
ROOFING MATERIALS
Properties of Roofing Materials
Corrugated Galvanized Iron Sheet

Thickness ------------------------------------------ 0.5
mm
Width --------------------------------------------- 1.070
Length ------------------------------------------------ 6
Weight -------------------------------------------- 4.815
kg
pc .
http://www.ecvv.com/product directory/corrugated -
roofing - sheet
4. Area of the Roofing Materials (Iron Sheet), A I . S .
A I . S .=lenght x Effective Width of hte roofing materials
Where:
Effective Width of the Iron Sheet = W – 30 cm overlapping
Effective Length of the Iron Sheet = L – 30 cm
overlapping
Thus:
A I . S .= ( 6 m−0.3 m ) x (1.070 m−0.3 m)
2
A I . S .=4.389 m
5. Number of Iron Sheet, N I .S .
AR
N I .S . =
A I .S .
2
977.9112 , m
N I .S . = 2
4.389 m
N I .S . =222.8097 pieces ≈ 223 pieces
6. Weight of G.I. Sheet, W I . S .
W I . S .=N I . S . x weight per piece
kg
W I . S .=223 pieces x 4.815
pc .
W I . S .=1,073.745 kg
PURLINS
7. Properties of Purlins with respect to the roof materials
Length ------------------------------------------------ 5
m
Length of Roofing ------------------------------------ 42
Width of Roofing ----------------------------------
23.2836m
Spacing of Purlins ----------------------------- 0.6 m
O.C.
Property of Purlins on Given Size
Type --------------------------------------- Channel
Purlin
Designation ----------------------------------- C100 X
10.8
Theoretical Mass -------------------------------- 10.8
kg/m
Area --------------------------------------------- 1,370
mm2
Depth ---------------------------------------------- 102
mm
Width of Flange ----------------------------------- 43.7
mm
Thickness of Flange ------------------------------- 7.52
mm
Web thickness ------------------------------------- 8.15
mm
Axis X-X
I =1.91 x 106 mm4
I 3 3
S= =37.5 x 10 mm
c
r=
√ I
A
=37.3 mm
Axis Y-Y
6 4
I =0.177 x 10 mm
I
S= =5.52 x 103 mm3
c
r=
√ I
A
=11.4 mm
x=11.7 mm
Source: Table B-4, page 478 Strength of Materials Philippine
Edition by Pytel&Kiusalaas
8. Number of Purlins, N pur
W R −u
N pur =
purlin spacing
Where:
u = spacing between the first 2 Purlins from the top of the
roof x 2 sides
u = 0.2 m x 2 sides
u = 0.4 m
Thus:
23.2836 m−0.4 m
N pur =
0.6 mO .C .
purlins
N pur =39
span
9. Total Number of Purlins, N pur t
N pur =N pur x number of span of the structure

t
Where:
LR
Number of span =
lenght of single span
42 m
Number of span = m
5
span
Number of span = 8.4 span

Thus:
purlins
N pur =39 x 8.4 span
t
span
N pur =328 purlins

t
10.Total Length of Purlin, L pur t
L pur =N pur x lenght of a single purlin

t t
m
L pur =328 purlins x 5
t
purlin
L pur =1,640 m
t
11.Weight of the purlin, W pur
W pur =L pur x theoretical mass of the purlin

t
kg
W pur =1,640m x 10.8
m
W pur =17,712kg
RIVETS
12. Total number of rivets, N riv
N riv =N I . S . x number of rivets per Iron Sheet
rivets
N riv =223 pieces x 27
iron sheet
N riv =6,021rivets
13. Weight of Rivets, W riv
N riv
W riv =
number of rivets per kg
6,021rivets
W riv =
rivets
180
kg
W riv =33.45 kg
LEAD WASHER
14. The number of rivets is the same with the number of lead
washers, 6,750 pieces, but they are different in weight
6,021 pieces
Weight of lead washer = pcs
75
kg
Weight of lead washer = 80.28 kg
G.I. Sheet Washers
15.Twice the number of the rivets is the total number of
the G.I. Sheet Washers.
Number of G.I. Sheet Washers = 2 x N riv
Number of G.I. Sheet Washers = 2 x 6,021 pcs
Number of G.I. Sheet Washers =12,042 pcs
12,042 pcs
Weight of G.I. Sheet Washers = kg
126
pc
Weight of G.I. Sheet Washers = 95.5714 kg
RIDGE ROLL AND GUTTER
16. Number of ridge roll

L=42 m
W =0.5035 m
Effective Length of Ridge Roll = 5.7 m
Number of Ridge Roll, N ridge
L
N ridge =
effective lenght
42 m
N ridge =
5.7 m
N ridge =7.3684 ridge roll
kg
weight of theridge roll=N ridge 7.3684 x 4.2
ridge roll
weight of theridge roll=30,9474 kg
GUTTER
17. Number of Gutter, N gutter
L = 42 X 2 m = 84 m
L
N gutter=
effective lenght
84 m
N gutter=
5.7 m
kg
N gutter=14.7368 gutters @ 4.2
pc
W gutter=61.8947 kg
TRUSS
Property of Purlins on Given Size
Type ----------------------------------------------- I
Beam
Designation ------------------------------------- S250 X
52
Theoretical Mass ---------------------------------- 52
kg/m
Area --------------------------------------------- 6,650
mm2
Depth ---------------------------------------------- 254
mm
Width of Flange ------------------------------------ 125
mm
Thickness of Flange ------------------------------- 12.5
mm
Web thickness ------------------------------------- 15.1
mm
Axis X-X
6 4
I =61.2 x 10 mm
I
S= =482 x 10 3 mm 3
c
r=
√ I
A
=96 mm
Axis Y-Y
6 4
I =3.45 x 10 mm
I 3 3
S= =55.1 x 10 mm
c
r=
√ I
A
=22.8 mm
Source: Table B-4, page 478 Strength of Materials Philippine
Edition by Pytel&Kiusalaas
From the figure of the truss
b = 10 m
Angle Ø = 20o
h = BC=DE =FG=HI=JK =LM =NO=PQ =RS=TU =VW =2 m
Su=upper slope= AL=LV =11.6 m
Sl=lower slope=CM =MW = AL− AB, Where; AB=1 meave

CM =MW =10.6 m
BD=DF=FH =HJ=JL=ln=NP=PR=RT =TV =CE=EG=GI =IK =KM =MO=OQ=QS=SU =UW =
Solving for the CD=GH =KL=LO=PS=TW
Consider ∆ Cde
Where:
Ce=2
CE=2.12
By Pythagorean Theorem
Ee=0.7 m
De=DE + Ee=2.7 m
By Pythagorean TheoremCD=GH =KL=LO=PS=TW =3.36 m
Solving for the value of DG=HK =OP=ST
Consider ∆ DdG
Where:Ce=Eg=dG =2.12 m Ee=¿=dE=0.7 m
Dd =DE−dE=2−0.7 m=1.3 m
By Pythagorean Theorem
DG=HK =OP=ST =2.47 m

18. Total Length of a Single Truss,
Ltruss Ltruss =( 2 x AL ) + ( 2 x CM ) + ( 6 x CD ) + ( 4 x DG ) + ( 11 x BC ) Ltruss= (2 x 11.6 m ) + ( 2 x 10.6 m ) + ( 6 x 3.36 m ) + ( 4 x 2
Ltruss=96.44 m
L9 trusses =1,350.16 m for the 9 trusses
19. Weight of the 9 trusses, W 9 trusses
kg
W 9 trusses=L 9trusses x theoretical mass W 9 trusses=1,350.16 m x 52 W =70,208.32kg
m 9trusses
BUILDING WALLING
For Concrete Walling:
1.Surface Area of Front & Rear Wall of the Building
A FR=2 ( effective height of walling x Width of the building ) - ( A door −A window )
Adoor = 2 ( door height x door length )
Adoor = 2 ( 10 m x 8 m )
Adoor = 160 m 2
Note: Adoor = area of the sliding steel main door of gate of thebuilding
A window=4 ( window ht x window lenght )
A window=4 ( 2 m x 3 m )
2
A window=24 m
Thus:
A FR=2 ( 9 m x 20 m) −( 160 m2+24 m2 )
2
A FR=176 m
2.Surface Area of the Side Walls of the Building
A S=40 ( effective height of walling x Width of the building )−( A window )
A window=38 ( window ht x window lenght )

A window=38 ( 2 m x 3 m )
2
A window=228 m
Thus:
A S=2 ( 9 m x 40 m )−( 228 m2 )
A S=492 m2
3.Area of Room Wall, A RW
A RW =( lenght of bldg . x walling height of controlroom )−( A window glass + Adoors + A stock room door + A shopdoor )
A window glass=( 23 m x 3.5 m )
2
A window glass=80.5m
Adoor =2 ( 2.5 m x 1m )
Adoor =5 m2
A stock room door =4 mx 2.5 m
A stock room door =10 m 2

A shopdoor =4 m x 5 m
2
A shopdoor =20 m
Thus:
A RW =( 40 m x 5 m )−( 80.5 m +5 m +10 m +20 m )

2 2 2 2
2
A RW =84.5 m
4.Area of Concrete Walling Divisions, A wd
A wd =¿ of concrete divisions ( ht of walling x lenght of walling )
A wd =3 (5 m x 5 m )
2
A wd =75 m
5.Total Area for Concrete Walling, At
At = A FR + A S + A RW + A wd
At =176 m 2+ 492 m2+ 84.5m2 +75 m2
At =827.5 m2
Concrete Walling Materials
Size of CHB : 100 mm x 200 mm x 400 mm

pcs .
Number per m2 : 12.5 2
m
Type of Mixture : Type B
bags
Cement Mixture : 0.552
m2
3
m
Volume of Sand : 0.0435 2
m
Source: From table 2-2, Page 253
Simplified Construction Estimate, 2000 edition by Max
FajardoJr
REINFORCEMENT OF WALL
Estimating by Area Method
Reference: Simplified Construction and Estimate by: Max
Fajardo pp.99 Table 3.5
1.Length of Reinforcement bars for CHB in method
Vertical Reinforcement Spacing = 80 cm
Horizontal Reinforcement every 3 layers

Use bar designation # 3
Diameter = 9.525 mm
VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT @ 80 cm spacing
2 1.6 m
L=827.5m x 2
=1,324 m
1m
HORIZONTAL BARS @ EVERY 3 LAYERS
2.15m
L=827.5m2 x 2
=1,779.125 m
1m
Total Lenght of ¯¿ 5,337.375 m
2.Total Number of CHB, T CHB
T CHB=
( numbermof CHB ) x A
2 t
T CHB=
( 12.5CHB
m 2 ) x 827.5 m 2
T CHB=10,343.75 pieces of CHB say 11,500 pieces

3.Volume of sand for Walling
m3
Volume of sand for walling = 0.0435 2
x At
m
m3
Volume of sand for walling = 0.0435 2
x 827.5 m2
m
Volume of sand for walling = 35.9963 m3
4.Volume of Cement for Walling
bags
Volume of Cement for Walling = 0.552 x At
m2
bags 2
Volume of Cement for Walling = 0.552 2
x 827.5 m
m
Volume of Cement for Walling = 457 bag

FOR PLASTERING
Mixture
Class B
bags
Cement : 0.192 2
m
m3
Sand : 0.016
m2
Thickness : 16 mm
5.Volume of Cement & Sand for Plastering
bags
Volume of Cement = 0.192 x At
m2
bags
Volume of Cement = 0.192 2
x 827.5 m2
m
Volume of Cement = 159 bags of cement
3
m
Volume of Sand = 0.016 x At
m2
m3
x 827.5 m2
m

DESIGN OF CONCRETE FLOORING
1. Area of the Building, Ab
Ab =L x W
Ab =40 m x 20 m
2
Ab =800 m
2. Area of Machine Foundation, A f
A f =54.90 m2 + ( 0.6 m x Lf )
Where:
0.6 m = an excavation of 0.3 m on both sides of the machine
foundation for the piping systems.
2
A f =54.90 m + ( 0.6 m x 13.4417 m)
2
A f =62.9650 m
3.Total Area of Flooring, At
At = Ab −( A f x 7 units )
At =800 m 2−( 62.9650 m2 x 7 units )
2
At =359.245 m
4.Thickness of the Concrete Flooring, t
Let us consider non-bearing concrete flooring. Assume a
thickness of 6 inches=0.1524 m.
5. Volume of the Concrete Flooring, V f
V f = At x t
2
V f =359.245 m x 0.1524 m
3
V f =54.7490 m
6.For the Steel Bars
Simplified Engineering for architects and builders by:
Harry Parker 3rd edition from 13-7 pp.295,
Use bar designation #3
Diameter = 9.525 mm
Because the flooring is non-bearing, we can assume a bar
spacing of 200 mm.
7.Length of Steel Bars per Way, LSB

For the Length:
LSB =( width ofspacing

the flooring
¯
+1 ) x (lenght of the flooring )
LSB =( 0.220 mm +1) x ( 40 m )

LSB =4,040 m steel bars @ 40 m
For the Width:
LSB =( length spacing

of the flooring
¯
+1 ) x ( width of the flooring )
LSB =( 0.240 mm +1) x ( 20 m)

¯ 20 m
LSB =4,020 m steel @
Total lenght =4,040 m+4,020 m
Total lenght =8,060 m
Mixture – 1:2:4 (R.C. Floors)
Table 4-1-page 90 Power Plant Engineering by F.T. Morse

3
V f =54.7490 m
sacks
Cement = 8.6
m3c
m3
Sand = 0.49
m3c
m3
Gravel = 0.98 3
mc
1. For the Number of Sacks of Cement
sacks
Sacks of Cement = 8.6 3
xVf
mc
sacks 3
Sacks of Cement = 8.6 3
x 54.7490 m
mc
Sacks of Cement = 470.8414 of cement
2. For the Volume of Sand
m3
For the Volume of Sand = 0.49 xVf
m3c
m3 3
For the Volume of Sand = 0.49 x 54.7490 m
m3c
For the Volume of Sand = 26.8270 m3 of sand
3. For the Volume of Gravel
m3
For the Volume of Gravel = 0.98 3
xVf
mc
3
m
For the Volume of Gravel = 0.98 3
x 54.7490 m3
mc
For the Volume of Gravel = 53.6540 m3 of gravel
DESIGN OF COOLING TOWER
The calculations necessary to determine the amount of
cooling water required are simple. The most difficult part is
to fix upon the jacket inlet and outlet temperatures. If the
water is too cold, the efficiency suffers; and it should not
rise above 82.2 C,

0
otherwise there may be danger of
insufficient cooling with resulting failure of the lubricating
film. The theoretical limits might be put at 37.8 0Cinlet to
65.60Coutlet, giving a 27.80Crise. As a matter of fact, more
uniform thermal conditions are obtained by circulating the
water more rapidly than that would indicate. An examination of
current practice discloses the fact that temperature rises in
actual use vary all the way 110 to 27.80C, with a majority in
the range from 19.40Cto 250C rise. Inlet water temperature is
generally from 26.70Cto 32.20C and outlet temperatures from
43.30C to 54.40C.
Equation 6-16
From: Power Plant Engineering by F.T. Morse page 178

bhp
w=674.58
t 2−t 1
In which
l
w=cooling water ,
hr
bhp=rated brake horsepower of engine
bhp=1500 bhp x 8 units
bhp=12,000 bhp
t 1=inlet engine water temperature=64.20 C
0
t 2=outlet engine water temperature =182.9 C
0
t a=inlet tower water temperature =32.2 C
0
t b=outlet tower water temperature=49 C
t ' =outlet tower water temperature=15.6 0 C
atmospheric pressure=101.325 kPaa
Temperature Condition in the Province of Cagayan
dry bulb ,t db =37 0 C
wet bulb , t wb=23 0 C
674.58 x bhp
w=
t 2−t 1
674.58 x 12,000 bhp

w=
182.9 C−64.2C
l
w=68,196.8
hr
Let w w be the flow in the cooling tower circuit.
( t b−t a ) w w =( t 2−t 1 ) w
( t 2−t1 ) w
w w=
( t b−t a )
w w=
(
( 182.90 C−64.20 C ) 34,098.4 l
hr )
( 490 C−30 0 C )
3
l kg m
w w =1,714,001.284 =28,5669 =28.5669
hr min min
3
Therefore, the capacity of cooling pump is 28.5669 m .
min
This enters the tower at49 0 C . The theoretical maximum
humidified state of the air leaving is 49 0 C at 100 % humidity.
This cannot be obtained as actual performance. There will be a
temperature difference of several degrees: the smaller and
cheaper the tower, the greater this temperature differential.
Also, it is not possible to achieve a fully saturated state on
the outgoing air. Assume here a 5.50 C differential and 90 %
outgoing humidity.
From Psychometric Chart at t db =34 0 C and t wb =280 C
kg moisture
SH 1=0.0215
kg dry air
kJ
h1 =89
kg
kg
V =0.89
m3
For SH 2 and h2
SH 2=0.00625 x RH x ( Ps
) kg
Pa−P s kg dry air
h2 =1,013.4 x t d x 18,015.7+ SH 2 +h g
Where:
t d=dry bulbtemperature
RH = percent relative humidity
Ps =saturation pressure at t d
Pa=atmospheric pressure=101.325 kPa
h g=enthalpy at t d
t d=t b −differential temperature
0 0
t d=49 C−15.6 C
t d=43.50 C
From Steam Table 1 att d=43.50 C
Here we find for pressure (P¿¿ s)¿ and enthalpy (h¿ ¿ g)¿ of
kJ kJ
43 C∧44 C to be Ps =8.649 kPa&h g=2,579.6 and Ps =9.111 kPa&h g=2,581.4
0 0
kg kg
respectively. The Ps ∧hg of 43.5 C will

0
fall between these
pressures and enthalpy, by interpolating we find that
Ps =8.88 kPa
kJ
h g=2,582.3
kg
Thus,
SH 2=0.00625 x RH x ( Ps
) kg
Pa−P s kg dry air
SH 2=0.00625 x 90 x ( 101.3258.88
kPa−8.88 kPa )
kPa
kg
SH 2=0.0540
kg dry air
h2 =1,013.4 x t d x 18,015.7+ SH 2 +h g
kg J
h2 =1,013.4 x 43.5 0 C x 18,015.7+0.0540 +2,582,300
kg dry air kg
J
h2 =201,542.8
kg
kJ
h2 =201.54
kg
Mass Balance Equation for the Cooling Tower
1 kg air +SH 1 + ww +∆ w=1 kg air+ SH 2+ ww
∆ w=SH 2−SH 1
∆ w=0.0540−0.0215
kg make up water
∆ w=0.0325
kg air
Heat Balance Equation
h1 + ww hfa +∆ w hf ' =h2+ w w h fb
Where:
0
h fa =hf at t b (49 C)
' 0
h f ' =h f at t (15.6 C )
0
h fb =hf at t a (30 C)
From Steam Table 1 @ 490C
kJ
h fa =205.15
kg
From Steam Table 1 @ 300C
kJ
h fa =125.79
kg
From Steam Table 1 @ 15.60C
kJ kJ
We find that the hf of 0 0
15 C ¿ 16 C are 62.99 ∧67.19
kg kg
respectively, the h f of 15.60 C will fall between these two h f , by

interpolating we find that,
kJ
h f =h f =65.50
'
kg
From the Heat Balance equation
h1 + ww hfa +∆ w hf ' =h2+ w w h fb
w w hfb −ww hfa =h 1+ ∆ w h f ' −h2
h1 +∆ w hf ' −h2
w w=
h fb −h fa
89+ ( 0.0325 x 65.50 )−201.54

w w=
125.79−205.15
kg water
w w =1.40
kg of air flowing
kg
Since 28.5669 is needed, the mass flow rate of air, a
min
kg
28,5669
min
a=
kg water
1.40
kg of air flowing
kg
a=204,049.2857
min
From Psychometric Chart at t db=34 0 C and t wb =280 C
kg
V =0.89
m3
Hence, the volume flow rate of air, V̇

a
V̇ =
V
kg
204,049.2857
min
V̇ =
kg
0.89 3
m
3
m
V̇ =229,268.86
kg
Mass Flow Rate of Makeup Water, M MW
M MW =a x ∆ w
kg kg make up water
M MW =204,049.2857 x 0.0325
min kg air
kg
M MW =6,631.6018
min
A performance coefficient for evaporative coolers, called
“cooling efficiency,” is given by the equation.
t a−t b
Cooling Efficiency=
t a−t w
49−30
Cooling Efficiency=
49−28
Cooling Efficiency=0.9048=90.48 %
3
3.75 hp l m
fan power = x 1000 3 x 28.5669
l m min
1000
min
total fan power=107.1259 hp
Number of Fans = 6 fans @ 12.43 hp
SELECTION OF MECHANICAL FORCE DRAFT FAN FOR COOLING TOWER
TYPE ----------------------- Forward Curve Blade Centrifugal
Fan
MODEL ------------------ No. 593 S.I.S.W. Sirocco Fan, Series
81
CAPACITY -------------------------------------------- 49,704
cfm
OUTLET VELOCITY -------------------------------------- 2,400
cfm
RPM --------------------------------------------------------
188
BHP ------------------------------------------------------
13.16
Source: From Table 5, Page 1-82
Kent’s Mechanical Engineer’s Handbook, Power Volume 12th
Edition by Kenneth J. Salisbury
DIMENSIONS
Fan Size ---------------------------------------------------
593
Wheel Diameter --------------------------------------- 59.375
in
Width ------------------------------------------------ 46.875
in
Outlet Depth ------------------------------------------ 64.75
in
Inlet Diameter ---------------------------------------- 65.25
in
Source: From Table 5, Page 1-83
Kent’s Mechanical Engineer’s Handbook, Power Volume 12th
Edition by Kenneth J. Salisbury
Standard Size of Pipe = 50 mm
Length = 1.5 meter per engine horsepower
Total bhp for 6 units=34,530 bhp
m
Total Length of pipes=1.5 x 34,530 bhp
bhp
Total Length of pipes=51,795 m
Total Length of pipes

Total Number of Pipes=
m
6
piece
51,795 m
Total Number of Pipes=
m
6
piece
Total Number of Pipes=8,632.5 pieces
Basic Assumptions:
Effective Length of pipe = 24 m
Spacing of pipes = 150 mm O.C.
Height = Width
Total Length of pipes

No . of Pipes @ 24 m=
Effective Length of Pipe
51,795 m
No . of Pipes@ 24 m=
24 m
No . of Pipes@ 24 m=2,158.13 pipes@ 24 m
We find that the value is 2,158.13 pipes, getting the square
root of 2,158.13will give us the number of pipe that will be
distributed on the width and height of the piping system.
√ 2,158.13=47 pipes
47 pipes @ 24 meters are distributed on the width and height
of the piping system.

( 47−1 ) x 150 mm=height of piping system
height of piping system=6,900 mm=6.900 m
Dimensions of the frame of Cooling System
L xW x H
27 m x 10 m x 11 m
Dimensions of the Basin
L xW x H
32 m x 12 m x 14 m
MATERIALS
Area of Basin Wall=2 ( L x H )+ 2(W x H )
Area of Basin Wall=2 ( 32 m x 14 m) +2(12 m x 14 m)
Area of Basin Wall=1,232 m2
By area method
¿ CHB :100 mm x 200 mm x 400 mm

pcs
12.5 2
m
Type of Mixtue :Type B
bags
Cement Mixture : 0.522
m2
m3
Volume of Sand :0.0435
m2
From Table 2-2, Page 253
Simplified Construction Estimate, 2000 edition by Max
FajardoJr
pcs
Number of CHB=Area of Basin Wall x 12.5
m2
2 pcs
Number of CHB=1,232m x 12.5
m2
Number of CHB=15,400 pieces
bags
Number of Cement= Areaof Basin Wall x 0.522 2
m
bags
Number of Cement=1,232 m2 x 0.522 2
m
Number of Cement=643.1040 bags

3
m
Volume of Sand=Area of Basin Wall x 0.0435 2
m
3
m
Volume of Sand=1,232 m2 x 0.0435
m2
3
Volume of Sand=53.5920 m
PLASTERING
Mixture: Class B
bags
Cement: 0.192
m2
m3
Sand: 0.016
m2
Thickness: 16 mm
bags
Number of Cement=0.192 x area of basin wall
m2
bags
Number of Cement=0.192 2
x 1,232 m2
m
Number of Cement=237 bags
m3
Volume of Sand=0.016 2 x area of basin wall
m
m3
Volume of Sand=0.016 2
x 1,232m2
m
Volume of Sand=19.7120 m3
Thickness=16 mm
FLOORING
Thickness of basin flooring=0.20 m
Volume of flooring=L x W x t
Volume of flooring=32 m x 12 m x 0.20 m
Volume of flooring=76.8 m3
Weight of Flooring=Volume of flooring x density of concrete
3 kg
Weight of Flooring=76.8 m x 2,406
m3
Weight of Flooring=184,780.8 kg
Length of Reinforcement bars for CHB in method
Diameter = 9.525 mm
2 1.6 m
L=1,232 m x 2
=1,971.2 m
m
2 2.15 m
L=1,232 m x =2,648.8 m
m2
Total Lenght of ¯¿ 4,620m
Volume of flooring=L x W x t
Volume of flooring=32 m x 12 m x 0.20 m

3
Volume of flooring=76.8 m
Weight of Flooring=Volume of flooring x density of concrete
3 kg
Weight of Flooring=76.8 m x 2,406
m3
Weight of Flooring=184,780.8 kg
Length of Reinforcement bars for CHB in method
Diameter = 9.525 mm
2 1.6 m
L=1,232 m x 2
=1,971.2 m
m
2.15 m
L=1,232 m2 x =2,648.8 m
m2
Total Lenght of ¯¿ 4,620
BASIN FLOORING MATERIALS
Mixture – 1:2:3
sacks
Cement = 9.2
mc3
3
m
Sand = 0.51
mc3
3
m
Gravel = 0.77 3
mc
For the number of sacks of cement
sacks
x Volume of flooring
mc
sacks 3
x 76.8 m
mc
For the volume of Sand

3
m
mc
m3
x 76.8 m3
mc
For the volume of Gravel
m3
mc
m3 3
x 76.8 m
mc
For the Steel bars
Diameter = 9.525 mm
Because the flooring is non-bearing, we can assume a bar
spacing of 250 mm.

Length of Steel bar, Lsb
For the Length:
Lsb= ( width ofspacing

the flooring
¯
+1) x length of the flooring
Lsb = ( 0.25
12 m
m )
+1 x 32m
Lsb =1,568 m steel bars @30 m
For the Width:
Lsb= ( length spacing

of the flooring
¯
+1) x width of the flooring
Lsb = ( 0.25
32 m
m )
+1 x 12 m
Lsb =1,548 m steel bars @10 m
Total Length=3,116 m
CHIMNEY
Functions of Chimney:
1. To dispose the exhaust gases at suitable height so that
no pollution will occur in the vicinity.
2. To produce the necessary draft required for the flow of
the gases.
From:
Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse
Power and Industrial Plant Engineering Reviewer by: JAS
Tordillo
DESIGN OF THE CHIMNEY
Average Velocity of Fuel Gas: 10.67 m/s
From:
Section 12-12 Chimney, page 493
Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse
Engine Manufacturer/Model – Caterpillar
Exhaust Gas Temperature: 3100C
Exhaust Gas Flow: 25,000L/s
Maximum Exhaust Gas Pressure: 305.9149 mm
L 1 m3 m3 m3
Q g=25,000 x =25.000 =275
s 1000 L s s
0
T g=310 C +273=583 K
kJ
Ra =0.287
kg−° K
T a=30 ℃+273=303 ° K
kg
ρa =1.17 3
m
P=101.325 kPa
1.Density of Flue Gas, ρ g
Assume:
M = 30, so that:
P
ρ g=
Rg x T g
8.3143
R g=
30
kJ
R g=0.277
kg−° K
101.325 kPa
ρ g=
kJ
0.277 x 583° K
kg−° K
kg
ρ g=0.6274
m3
2. Draft Head, h w
h w =H (ρa −ρ g )
H = 35 m
kg
h w =35 m ( 1.17−0.6274 )
m3
kg
h w =18.99100
m2
3. Theoretical Velocity of Flue Gas, V t
√
V t= 2 g
hw
ρg
√
V t = 2 x 9.81 x
18.9910
0.6274
m
V t =24.3698
s
4. Actual Velocity, V g
V g=30 % ¿ 50 % of the theoretical velocity
m
V g=0.50 x 24.3698
s
m
V g=12.1849
s
5. Chimney inside Diameter, D
D=
√ 4 xQg
π x Vg
√
3
m
4 x 275
s
D=
m
π x 12.1849
s
D=5.3606 m
H=35 m
From Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse, table 4-3 page
100
Taking the top thickness at 200 mm
Thus:
r 2=2,68 mm=2.68 m
R2=r 2+ 200 mm
R2=2,680 mm+ 200 mm
R2=2.880 m
d 2=inside top diameter=5.3606 m
H 35 m
= =7
d 2 5.3606 m
Estimating from table 4-3, Batter = 10.4 mm per m
Or 364 mm for the chimney
Thus:
R1=R 2+ Batter
R1=2,880 mm+ 364 mm=3,244 mm
R1=3.244 m
Bottom Thickness = H x 9.25
Bottom Thickness = 35 m x 9.25 m
Bottom Thickness = 323.75 mm .use 322 mm ( 112 brick )
r 1=3.244 m−0.322 m=2.9220 m
r 1=2.9220m
Although the chimney as actually built would vary the
thickness by steps, it is here assumed that the interior is
smoothly tapered so that the volume may be computed as the
difference of the frusta of two cones.
πH 2 2
V= ( R +r + Rr )
3
35 π
Outside Conical Volume =
3
[ ( 3.2442 ) +( 2.880 2) + ( 3.244 x 2.880 ) ]
Outside Conical Volume = 1,032.1420 m3
35 π
Inside Conical Volume =
3
[ ( 2.92202 ) + ( 2.682 ) +( 2.9220 x 2.68 ) ]
Inside Conical Volume = 863.2055 m3
Total Volume = 168.94 m3
kg
At 1,922 , weight of the chimney
m3
W c =324,702.68kg
Volume of One Brick
310 mm x 100 mm x 50 mm
0.00155 m3
volume of chimney
Number of bricks=
volume of brick
168.94 m3
Number of bricks=
0.00155 m3
Number of bricks=108,993.5484 bricks
110,000 bricks
For the Stability of the Chimney
100 H 2
Pw h= ( 2 R 2+ R 1 )
3
100 x 352
Pw h= ( (2 x 2.880)+3.244 )
3
Pw h=367,663.3333 kg . m
W =W c +weight of 9 mof a 100 mm brick lining (12,480 kg)
W =324,702.68 kg+12,480 kg
W =337,182.68 kg
Calculating for the value of z , k∧ y
Pw h
z=
w
367,663.3333 kg . m
z=
337,182.68 kg
z=1.0904 m
2 2
R 1+ r 1
k=
4 R1
3.2442 +2.9222
k=
4 x 3.244
k =1.4690 m
y=
R1
4
2+
( )
r1
R1
y=
3.244
4
2+ (
2.922
3.244 )
y=2.3525m
Bending Stress, f b
4 W Z R1
f b=
π ( R41 −r 41 )
4 x 337,182.68 x 1.0904 x 3.244

f b=
π ( 3.244 4−2.9224 )
kg
f b=40,125.7225 2
m
Unit Dead Load Stress, f c
W
f c=
π ( R 1−r 1 )
2 2
337,182.68 kg
f c=
π ( 3.244 2−2.9222 )
kg
f c =54,057.5045 2
m
[ ( ) ( )( ) ]
2
z z z −k
f z =f c 1+ − 1−
k k y −k
[( )( )( )]
2
kg 1.0904 1.0904 1.0904−1.4690
f z =54,057.5045 1+ − 1−
m 2
1.4690 1.4690 2.3525−1.4690
kg
f z =91,624.5985
m2
The factor of safety against tipping downwind is the
ratio of the stabilizing moment to the wind moment, both taken
about the downwind edge.
The factor of safety should not be less than 1.5.
W R1
FSOV =
Pw h
But:
Pw h=Wz
R1
FSOV =
z
3.244
FSOV =
1.0904
FSOV =2.9751
Therefore, the chimney is safe and stable and it has no
chance of tipping instability.
From Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse, chapter 4
pp. 86-104
CHIMNEY FOUNDATION
To hold the maximum soil pressure to design value, but
not to have a width less than one-tenth the chimney height
plus chimney diameter at its top. The depth of the
foundation may be made 4% of the chimney height, but should
not be less than 1.2 m.
From Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse page 107
1. Total Wind Load, Pw
From Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse page 98

Pw =100 H (R 1+ R 2)
kg
Pw =100 x 35 m x (3.244 m+2.880 m)
m2
Pw =21,434.000kg
2. Live Load, L L
L L=(resultant of Was theload ∈ y −axis∧P w as the load ∈x−axis)
L L= √ W + Pw
2 2
L L= √( 337,182.68 kg) +(21,434 kg)

2 2
L L=337,863.2505 kg
3. Weight of Chimney Foundation, W cf
W cf =1.3 x L L
W cf =1.3 x 337,863.2505 kg
W cf =439,222.2257 kg
4. Total Load, T L
T L =LL +W cf
T L =337,863.2505 kg+ 439,222.2257 kg
T L =777,085.4762 kg
5. Volume of the chimney foundation, V cf

W cf
V cf =
ρ
Where:
kg
ρ=2,406 ( density of concrete )
m3
Thus:
439,222.2257 kg
V cf =
kg
2,406 3
m
V cf =182.5529 m3
6. Length of the foundation, Lf
Lf =0.10 H + D1
Lf =0.10 ( 35 m )+5.7606 m
Lf =9.2606 m
Assume that the foundation is square
a=b=9.2606 m
7. Height of the foundation, h
2
V =a x h
V
h= 2
a
3
182.5529 m
h= 2
(9.2606 m)
h=2.1287 m
8. Area of the foundation, Ab
2
Ab =a
2
Ab =( 9.2606 m)
2
Ab =86 m
The foundation is safe if Ab x S b> Total Load
tons 1,000 kg
86 m2 x 64 x =kg
m2 1 ton
5,160,000 kg>777,085.4762 kg
Therefore:
The foundation is safe.
9. Moment on Foundation, M f
W cf x a
Mf =
2
439,222.2257 kg x 9.2606 m
Mf =
2
M f =¿ 2,033,730.672 ¿Kg-m
Where:
N
k=
Fs
N+
Fc
10
k=
120
10+
12
k =¿ 0.50
k
J=1−
3
0.50
J=1−
3
J=0.833
From: Strength of Materials 4th Edition by: F.L. Singer &
A.Pytel page 377-378
1
2
d=
√ 2M
Fc x b x d x j
√
kg
2 x 2,033,730.672 kg−m x 9.81
m
d=
6 N
12 x 10 2
x 0.5 x 0.833 x 9.2606 m
m
d=0.9285 m
CHIMNEY FOUNDATION MATERIALS
Mixture – 1:2:3
3
V cf =182.5529 m
W cf =439,222.2257 kg
sacks
Cement = 9.2 3
mc
m3
Sand = 0.51 3
mc
m3
Gravel = 0.77
mc3
sacks
x V cf
mc
sacks 3
x 182.5529m
mc
Sack of Cement = 1,679.4867 sacks of cement
3
m
x V cf
mc
m3
x 182.5529 m3
mc
m3
Volume of Gravel = 0.77 x V cf
mc3
3
m 3
x 182.5529 m
mc
1
W sb= % ¿ 1 % x W cf
2
Thus:
W sb=0.01 x 439,222.2257 kg
W sb=4,392.2223 kg
Simplified engineering for architects and builders by:
Harry Parker 3rd Ed. From 13-7 pp. 295, use bar
designation # 5 Diameter = 0.625 inch = 15.875 mm
lb 1 kg 3.281 ft
sb
ft 2.205 lb 1m
kg
W L =1.552
sb
m
W sb
WL sb
4,392.2223 kg
Lsb =
kg
1.552
m
Lsb =2,830.0401 m
Lsb
a
N sb =
2 way
2,830.0401m
9.2606 m
N sb =
2 way
N sb =611.2002 steel bars @ 9.2606 m per way
17. Bar Spacing

Reference: Simplified Methods on Building Construction
By: Max Fajardo
Lf
Bar Spacing =
N sb +1
9.2606 m
Bar Spacing =
1,001+1
# 5 steel bars are laid on 9.2421 mm O.C. both ways
DOUBLE GIRDER OVER HEAD CRANE
TECHNICALSPECIFICATION
Hook
Head Room HookApproach WheelLeadof TotalWt. Of
Capacity Span WheelBase Clearance End Approach Right
Clearance Left Side Cranes(approx) Cranes
(Tons) (mtr.) (mm) HRC(mm) ELS/ERS (mm) HALS (mm) SideHALS (mm) (Tons) (Ton)
10 15 3800 4000 1600 1600 10.2 12.5

5 20 4200 1700 250 250 250 900 900 900 800 800 800 5.8 6.7 7.3 15.5
10 15 3800 4000 1600 1700 13.0 16.0
7.5 20 4200 1700 250 250 250 950 950 950 850 850 850 8.4 9.4 10.0 18.5
10 15 3800 4000 1800 1800 13.5 16.5

10 20 4200 1900 250 250 275 1000 1000 1000 900 900 900 9.5 10.5 11.5 19.5
10 15 3800 4000 2000 2200 18.5 21.5

15 20 4200 2300 275 275 275 1000 1000 1000 900 900 900 13.5 15.7 16.8 25.0
20 15 20 4200 4400 2400 2500 300 300 1100 1100 900 900 18.4 19.3 21.0 27.5
25 15 20 4400 4600 2600 2800 300 300 1150 1150 1000 1000 21.6 22.8 26.0 30.0
30 15 20 4600 4800 2800 3000 300 300 1200 1200 1000 1000 26.0 28.0 30.0 36.5
40 15 20 4800 5000 3000 3200 325 325 1300 1300 1050 1050 31.8 33.4 35.0 40.0
50 15 20 5000 5200 3200 3500 350 350 1400 1400 1100 1100 32.0 33.5 41.0 47.5
60 15 20 5600 5800 3800 4000 400 400 1600 1600 1200 1200 37.3 38.9 60.0 71.0
80 15 20 5600 5800 4000 4200 450 450 1900 1900 1300 1300 39.0 41.0 78.0 90.0
100 15 20 5800 6000 4200 4500 450 450 1900 1900 1400 1400 49.5 52.0 92.0 110.0
BEAM FOR THE OVER HEAD CRANE

In this case we take moment at point A, considering
clockwise as positive.
M A =0 , clockwise as positive
M A =( 92tons x 10 m ) + ( 90 tons x 18.6 m )−(R B x 20 m)
( 92 tons x 10 m ) + ( 90 tons x 18.6 m )
R B=
20 m
R B=129.7 tons
Second law of equilibrium, the sum of all vertical forces

equal zero.
❑
∑
❑
forces alongY −axis=0 , consider upward as positive
R A −92 tons−90 tons+ R B=0
R A =52.3 tons
Consider R B=129.7 tons as maximum load carried by the beam

(girder).
2,000 lb
P=129.7 tons x =259,400 lb
ton
P=259,400 lb
Design a simple beam with a span of L=5 m=196.85 inches with
a concentrated load of P=259,400 lb at the center of the span.
Use A36 Steel with a Fiber Stress, f allow =24,000 psi
1. Compute the maximum bending moment, M max
PL
M max = , concentrated load
4
M max =259,400lb x 196.85∈ ¿ ¿
4
M max =12,765,722.5lb−¿
2. Compute for the required Section Modulus, Smin
M max
Smin =
f allow
12,765,722.5lb−¿
Smin =
lb
24,000 2
¿
3 3 3
Smin =531.9 ¿ =8,716.279 x 10 mm
3 3
Smin =8,716.279 x 10 mm
3. Referring to table of properties of W-shape, Appendix A
Table A-1 Static and Mechanics of Materials 2nd Edition Riley/
Sturges/ Morris, page 688.We find that the lightest beam that
satisfy the requirement S ≥ S min.
S=8,881 x 103 mm 3 ≥ S min =8,716.279 x 103 mm3

Property of Beam on Given Size
Designation ------------------------------------- W36 X
160
Theoretical Mass ------------------------------ 238.08
kg/m
3 3 3
S=8,881 x 10 mm =542 ¿
S=542¿3
The selection of the beam is not complete until a stress
calculation is made that includes the weight of the beam,
which for the W36 X 160
kg
w=238.08 x 5 m=1,190.4 kg=2,624.832 lb
m
w=2,624.832 lb
P=weight of crane ∧machine+ weight of the beam
P=259,400 lb+2,624.832lb
P=259,664.832 lb
PL
M max = , concentrated load
4
M max =259,664 .832lb x 196.85∈ ¿ ¿
4
M max =12,778,755.54 lb−¿
The maximum bending moment is found to be

M max =12,778,755.54 lb−¿
Therefore, the maximum bending stress in the selected beam is
M max
f max =
S
12,778,755.54 lb−¿
f max = 3
542 ¿
f max =23,577.0397 psi
The beam is safe if f allow ≥ f max
(f ¿¿ allow=24,000 psi)≥(f ¿¿ max=23,577.0397 psi) ¿¿
Therefore, W36 X 160 is safe to carry the load of crane and

engine.
DESIGN OF BOLTED JOINTS
Pmax =RB + weight of beam(girder )
Pmax =259,400 lb+2,624.832 lb
Pmax =259,664.832lb
Use (4) four ASTM A490 Steel Bolts, 1 inch diameter, having an
Allowable shear stress of τ allow =22 ksi ( 152 MPa )from Table 20-1 page
780 Machine Elements in Mechanical Design 4th Edition by Robert
L. Mott
N=8 bolts
π ( D2 )
A=
8
τ allow =22 ksi ( 152 MPa )
π ( D )2
Pallow =τ allow x xN
8
lb
Pallow =22,000 2
x π ¿¿ ¿
¿
Pallow =276,460.1535 lb
The bolts are safe if Pallow ¿ P max
Pallow ¿ P max
276,460.1535 lb>259,664.832 lb
Therefore, the ASTM A490 Steel Bolts are safe to carry the
crane & machine and beam.
Design of Column
1. Compute for the maximum load carried by one column
Materials Total Weight

G.I. Sheet 67.41 kg
Purlins 2,650.5 kg
Lead/G.I. washer & rivets 13.14 kg
Ridge roll & gutter 8.4 kg
Truss 2,576.298 kg
Beam W36X160 (367.1kg/m @ 185.5 kg
5m)
Total, T = 5,501.248 kg
2. Wind Load
kg 0
Wind Load = 125 2
@ 20 slope
m
kg
Wind Load = ( 11.6 m x 5 m) x 125 2
m
Wind Load = 7,250 kg
V WL =¿
7,250 kg
V WL =¿
3. Assume 4 people on top of the roof at 65 kg each (260 kg)
4. Load at roofing, F 1
F 1=T + wind load + weight of 4 people

F 1=5,501.248 kg+7,250 kg+ 260 kg
2.205lb
F 1=13,001.248 kg x =28,689.8 lb
1 kg
F 1=28,689.8lb
From: table A.5 page 664, Statics and Strength of Materials 4th
edition by: Morrow and Kokernak
W14 X 159 (A36 Steel)

A = 46.7 in2
r = 4 in
5. Using AISC column formulas, determine the allowable load

for a W14 X 159 pin-ended column. The A36 structural steel
used has a yield stress of 36 ksi. E = 29 X 10 3 ksi for
structural steel.
From: structural steel page 629-630, Statics and Strength of
Materials 4th edition by: Morrow and Kokernak
(a) The slenderness ratio for a column L=10 m=393.7 ∈¿
kL ¿
=1 x 393.7∈ ¿
r 4∈¿=98.425 ¿
(b) Because the slenderness ratio is less than
√ √
2 2 3
2π E 2 π x 29 x 10 ksi
C c= =
σY 36 ksi
C c =126.1
(c) We use the parabolic formula for stress. The ratio of

the slenderness ratio to C c ,
kL
r 98.425
= =0.781
C c 126.1
(d) From equation (17.9), the factor of safety
5
F . S .= +
3
kL
r
−
kL 3
r ( )
3 8 C c ( 8 C c )3
5 3 0.7813
F . S .= + (0.781)−
3 8 8
F . S .=1.9
(e) The allowable stress is given by equation (17.10):
( )
kL 2
1 r 1
1− σY 2
1− ( 0.781 ) 36 ksi
2 Cc 2
σ allow = =
F.S . 1.9
σ allow =13.17 ksi=13,170 psi
(f) The allowable load, Pallow

Pallow =σ allow x A
2
Pallow =13,170 psi x 46.7 ¿
Pallow =615,039 lbs

6. Consider the load at point B and the weight of the 5-meter beam
P2=R B + [ 5 m x theiretical mass of W 36 X 160 ]
(
P2= 129.7 tons x
1,000 kg
1 ton )(
+ 5 m x 238.08
kg
m )
(
P2= 130,890.4 kg x
2.205 lb
1 kg )
P2=288,613.332 lbs
7. From: Mechanics of Materials 4th edition by: R.C. Hibbeler, page

694 Design of Columns for Eccentric Loading
P2 Mc
σ max= +
A I
P2=288,613.332 lbs
e=14,235∈¿
W36 X 230 (A36 Steel)

2
A=67.6 ¿
4
I =15,000 ¿
depth=35.90∈¿
depth
c= =35.90∈ ¿ =17.95∈¿ ¿
2 2
288,613.332lb
σ max= 2
+¿ ¿
67.6 ¿
σ max=4,920,667.663 psi
F 2=σ max x A
F 2=4,920,667.663 psi x 67.6 ¿2
F 2=332,637.134 lbs
The column is safe if:

Pallow > F1 + F 2
615,039 lbs>28,689.8lbs+332,637.134 lbs
615,039 lbs>361,336.934 lbs
Since the actual load does not exceed the allowable

load, W36 X 230 is acceptable for this loading.
DESIGN OF COLUMN BASE PLATE

The first step in the design of base plate column is to
determine its area. This is accomplished by the use of the
basic formula
P
A=
Fp
In which
P=columnload ∈ pounds F p=the allowable bearing values of the concrete∈ psi
The AISC specification gives this stress as 0.25 f 'c when the
entire area of the concrete support is covered and 0.375 f 'c only
when one third of the area is covered. A concrete commonly
used has 3000 psi for the value of f 'c ; F p=either 750 psi∨1,125 psi .
A=B x C=¿ Area of the base plate
The column load is assumed to be uniformly distributed

over the dotted rectangle shown in the figure below. In
addition, the plate is assumed to exert a uniform pressure on
the concrete foundation.
After the minimum required area of the base plate has

been found, B∧C are established so that the projections m∧n
are approximately equal.
The final step is to determine m∧n in inches and to use

the larger value in computing the thickness of the plate by
use the formula
√
2
3 pm
t=
Fb
or
In which
t=
√ 3 p n2
Fb
t=¿the thickness of the bearing plate, inches

p=¿the actual bearing pressure on the foundation, psi
F b=¿the allowable bending stress in the base plate, psi
The AISC specification gives the value of F b as 0.75 F y , F y being
the yield point of the steel plate. Thus for A36 steel
F y =36,000 psi∧Fb =0.75 x 36,000∨F b =27,000 psi .
√
2
pm
t=
9,000
or
In which
t=
√ p n2
9,000
C−0.80 depth of beam

m=
2
B−0.95 width of beam

n=
2
Let us consider the column of the power plant building

with a load of 317,303.132 lbs. using a W36 x 230
P=317,303.132 lbs+weight of column @ 10 m
P=317,303.132 lbs+5,071.5lbs
P=322,374.632 lbs=146,201.6472 kg
Assume an area of B x C = 34 x 72 = 2,448 ¿2

From: Table A.5 page 664, Statics and Strength of Materials 4th
edition by: Morrow and Kokernak
depth of beam=35.90∈¿
width of beam=16.470∈¿
34−(0.80 x 16.470)
n= =10.412∈¿
2
72−( 0.95 x 35.90 )

m= =18.9475∈¿
2
P
p=
A
322,374.632lbs
p= 2
=131.6890 psi
2,448 ¿
√
2
pm
t=
9,000
t=
√
131.6890 psi x (18.9475)2
9,000
t=2.2919∈¿
Consequently, we accept a 34 x 72 x 2.5∈¿ column in base plate.

Steel columns are usually secured to the masonry
foundation by steel bolts through the plates to the column
flanges.
Bolts
material= A 325 steel
diameter=2.5∈¿
number of bolts per column=10 pieces
minimum bolt tension=47,250 lbs
From: Table 11-5 page 175, Simplified Design of Structural

Steel by Parker.
DESIGN OF COLUMN FOOTINGS
BASE PLATE
Column Foundation
1. Dimensions of the base plate
B=34 ∈¿ 0.8636 m
C=72∈¿1.8288 m
2. Dimension of the Elevation
h=0.3 m
Assume that the elevation is square; hence, let us consider

the value of C=1.8288 m in determining the dimensions of the
elevation.
Thus;
b e =10 %+C
b e =( 0.10 x 1.8288 m )+1.8288 m
b e =2.0117 m
3. Volume of the elevation,V e
2
V e =b e x he
V e =( 2.0117 m )2 x 0.30 m
V e =1.2141 m3
4. Weight of the elevation,W e

W e =V e x ρ
kg
W e =1.2141 m 3 x 2,406 3
m
W e =2,921.1246 kg
5.Column Load, C L
C L =322,374.632lbs =146,201.6472kg
6.Weight of Column Foundation, W cf

W cf =1.3 x (C L +W e )
W cf =1.3 x ¿)
W cf =193,859.6033 kg
7.Total Load, T L
T L =C L +W cf
T L =146,201.6472 kg+193,859.6033 kg
T L =340,061.2505 kg
8.Volume of Column Foundation, V cf

W
V cf = cf
ρ
Where:
kg
ρ=2,406 3
( density of concrete )
m
Thus:
193,859.6033 kg
V cf =
kg
2,406 3
m
3
V cf =80.5734 m
9.Dimension of the foundation

Assume that the height of the foundation is 1.5 meters.
h=1.5 m
Assume that the foundation is square,
Thus:
a=b
Thus:
2
V cf =a x h
a=
h√
V cf
¿
√ 80.5734 m3
1.5 m
a=b=7.3291m
10.Area of the base of the foundation, Ab
Ab =a2
Ab =( 7.3291m )2
2
Ab =53.7142m
The foundation is safe if:
Where:
tons kg
Sb = 64 2
m m
Engineering by: F.T. Morse0
T L =340,061.2505 kg
Thus:
2 kg
53.7142 m x 64,000 >340,061.2505 kg
m2
3,437,708 .8 kg>340,061.2505 kg

MATERIALS (ELEVATION & FOUNDATION)
Mixture – 1:2:3
Table 4-1 page 90 Power Plant Engineering by: F.T. Morse

sacks
Cement = 9.2 3
mc
3
m
Sand = 0.51 3
mc
3
m
Gravel = 0.77 3
mc
FOR THE ELEVATION:

V e =1.2141 m3
W e =2,921.1246 kg
sacks
xVe
mc
sacks 3
x 1.2141m
mc
m3
Volume of Sand = 0.51 x Ve
mc3
3
m 3
x 1.2141m
mc

3
m
xVe
mc
m3
Volume of Gravel = 0.77 x 1.2141 m3
mc3
Volume of Gravel = 1m3 of gravel

W sb=1 % x W e
Thus: W sb =0.01 x 2,921.1246 kg

W sb=29.2112 kg

Diameter = 9.53 mm
lb 1 kg 3.281 ft
sb
ft 2.205lb 1m
kg
W L =0.559
sb
m
W sb
WL sb
29.2112 kg
Lsb =
kg
0.559
m
Lsb =52.2562 m
Lsb
be
N sb =
2 way
52.2562m
2.0117 m
N sb =
2 way
N sb =52 steel bars per way @2.0117 m
8. Bar Spacing

By: Max Fajardo
be
Bar Spacing =
N sb +1
2.0117 m
Bar Spacing =
52+1
Bar Spacing =38 mm
# 3 steel bars are laid on 38 mm O.C. both ways
FOR THE FOUNDATION:

3
V cf =80.5734 m
W cf =193,859.6033 kg
sacks
Sack of Cement = 9.2 x V cf
mc3
sacks
x 80.5734 m 3
mc

3
m
x V cf
mc
m3 3
x 80.5734 m
mc
m3
Volume of Gravel = 0.77 x V cf
mc3
3
m 3
Volume of Gravel = 0.77 3 x 80.5734 m
mc

W sb=1 % x W cf
Thus: W sb=0.01 x 193,859.6033 kg

W sb=1,938.5960 kg

Diameter = 19.02 mm
lb 1 kg 3.281 ft
sb
ft 2.205 lb 1m
kg
W L =2.23
sb
m
W sb
WL sb
1,938.5960 kg
Lsb =
kg
2.23
m
Lsb =869.3255m
Lsb
a
N sb =
2 way
869.3255 m
7.3291 m
N sb =
2 way
N sb =238 steel bars per way @7.3291 m

8. Bar Spacing

By: Max Fajardo
a
Bar Spacing =
N sb +1
7.3291m
Bar Spacing =
238+1
# 3 steel bars are laid on 30.6657 mm O.C. both ways

Total of Materials for the 18 foundations
(Elevation & foundation)
Cement=18 x (total cement for foundation∧elevation)
Cement=18 x 745 sacks
Cement=13,4110 sacks
Sand=18 x (total sand for foundation∧elevation)
Sand=18 x 42 m3
3
Sand=756 m
Gravel=18 x (total gravel for foundation∧elevation)
Gravel=18 x 63 m3
3
Gravel=1,134 m
Steel ¯¿ 3=18 x 52.2562 m
Steel ¯
¿ 3=941 m
Steel ¯¿ 6=18 x 869.3255m
Steel ¯
¿ 6=15,647.859 m
BILL OF MATERIALS
Annual Fuel Consumption, F ca
F ca=F c x 365 days
L
F ca=19,545.6 x 365 days
day
F ca=7,134,144 L
Annual Amount of Fuel Consumption, Amount fuel

Amount fuel =Fca x fuel price per liter
₱
Amount fuel =7,134,144 L x 68
L
Amount fuel =₱ 485,121,792
ENGINE
Engine Model – 3512
Engine Brand - Caterpillar
Quantity Material Price Total
8 Engine ₱ 15,000,000 ₱120,000,000
MACHINE FOUNDATION
936 bags Cement ₱ 235/bag ₱219,960
1566.48 m #5 Steel Bar ₱ 40/m ₱62,659
51.42 m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱15,426
77.82 m3 Gravel ₱ 300/m3 ₱23,346
112 Anchor Bolt ₱ 200/bolt ₱22,400
Total = ₱
120,343,791
DAY TANK
219.5792 Cement ₱215/bag ₱47,209.528
370 m #5 Steel Bar ₱ 41.5/m ₱15,355
12.17m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱3,651
18.38m3 Gravel ₱ 300/m3 ₱5,514
1 Tank ₱100,000 ₱100,000
Total = ₱
171,729.528
STORAGE TANK
12,309.84 bags Cement ₱ 215/bag ₱2,646,615.6
14,436.2846 m #6 Steel Bar ₱ 79/m ₱1,140,466.483
682.3934m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱204,718.02
1,030.2803m3 Gravel ₱ 300/m3 ₱309,084.09
2 Tank ₱ 200,000 ₱400,000
Total = ₱
4,700,884.193
CHIMNEY
1,679.4867 Cement ₱ 215/bag ₱ 361,089.6405
bags
2,830.0401m #5 Steel Bar ₱ 41.5/m ₱ 117,446.6642
93.1020 m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱ 27,930.6
140.5657 m3 Gravel ₱ 300/m3 ₱ 42,169.71
110,000bricks Tank ₱ 10/brick ₱ 1,100,000
Total = ₱
1,648,636.615
BUILDING MATERIALS
ROOFING
223 pcs G.I. Sheet ₱ 700/pc ₱ 156,100
33.45kg Rivets ₱ 500/kg ₱ 16,725
80.28 kg Lead Washers ₱ 70/kg ₱ 5,619.6
42 m Ridge Roll ₱ 150/m ₱ 6,300
84 m Gutter ₱150/m ₱ 12,600
328pcs Purlins (C180 X ₱ 3,500/pc ₱ 1,148,000
22) @ 5 m
9 units Truss (S250 X ₱ 150,000/unit ₱ 1,350,000
52)
80 m Beams (W36 X ₱ 7,000/5 m ₱ 560,000
160) @ 5 m
95.571 kg G.I. Washers ₱ 200/kg ₱ 19,114.2
Total = ₱
3,275,458.8
OVERHEAD CRANE
1 Crane ₱ 3,360,000/pc ₱3,360,000
18 pcs Column(W36X230) ₱ 40,000/pc ₱720,000
16 pcs Beam (W36X160) ₱ 25,000/pc ₱400,000
Total =4,480,000
FLOORING
471 bags Cement ₱ 215/bag ₱ 101,265
26.8270 m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱ 8,048.1
53.6540m3 Gravel ₱ 300/m3 ₱ 16,096.2
5,337.375m #3 Steel Bar ₱ 20/m ₱ 106,747.5
Total = ₱
232,156.8
WALLING
11,500pcs CHB ₱ 8/pc ₱ 92,000
457 bags Cement ₱ 215/bag ₱ 98,255
35.9963 m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱ 10,798.89
8,060 m #3 Steel Bar ₱ 20/m ₱ 161,200
Total =₱362,253.89
FOOTINGS
13,4110bags Cement ₱ 215/bag ₱28,833,650
756 m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱226,800
1,134 m3 Gravel ₱ 300/m3 ₱340,200
941 m #3 Steel Bar ₱ 20/m ₱18,820
15,647.859m #6 Steel Bar ₱ 79/m ₱1,236,180.861
180 Bolt ₱ 200/pc 36,000
Total = ₱
30,691,650.86
PLASTERING
159 bags Cement ₱ 215/bag ₱34,185
13.24 m3 Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱3,672
Total = ₱ 42,985
OTHER MATERIALS ₱ 200,000
TOTAL =₱ 237,857
COOLING TOWER
1,576 bags Cement ₱ 215/bag ₱338,840
112.4728 m 3
Sand ₱ 300/m3 ₱33,741.84
59.1360 m 3
Gravel ₱ 300/m3 ₱17,740.8
9,304 m #3 Steel Bar ₱ 20/m ₱186,080
15,400pcs CHB ₱ 8/pc ₱123,200
9 pcs Fan ₱ 80,000/pc ₱720,000
OTHER MATERIALS (Pipe & Fiber ₱ 5,000,000
Glass)
Total = ₱
6,419,602.64
ECONOMIC STUDY
I. FIXED ELEMENT
a. CAPITAL COST
Equipment/Materials Amount
Real State ₱ 1,000,000
Cost of Prime Mover and Accessories ₱248,921,744
Cost of Power House and Accessories ₱34,561,759.21
Cost of Oil Day Tank and ₱171,729.528
Accessories
Cost of Storage Tank and ₱4,700,884.193
Accessories
Cost of Chimney and Accessories ₱1,648,636.615
Cost of Cooling Tower ₱6,419,602.64
Cost of Installation ₱ 1,500,000
Cost of Engineering Service ₱ 500,000
Total = ₱
299,424,356.2
b. CAPITAL COST OF PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Cost of Sub-station ₱ 1,500,000

Cost of Transmission Line ₱ 1,500,000
Cost of Right Way ₱ 1,000,000
Total = ₱
4,000,000.00
c. SERVICE PERIOD AND RATE DEPRECIATION

Life of Plant 40 years
Salvage Value 20%
Life of Primary Distribution 20 years
System
Salvage Value 20%
d. OTHER INVESTMENTS
Interest Rate 5%
Taxes and Insurance 4%
e. GENERAL MAINTENANCE
₱ 1,000,000.00
f. MANAGEMENT COST
₱ 500,000.00
II. ENERGY ELEMENT

a. Cost of Fuel Oil ₱ 593,730,024.00
b. Cost of Lubricating Oil ₱ 1,000,000.00
c. Cost of Labor
Number Position Monthly Annual

Salary Salary
1 Professional Mechanical Engineer ₱ 40,000 ₱ 480,000
2 Registered Mechanical Engineer ₱ 30,000 ₱ 720,000
2 Registered Electrical Engineer ₱ 30,000 ₱ 720,000
10 Maintenance ₱ 12,000 ₱ 1,440,000
1 Secretary ₱ 12,000 ₱ 144,000
1 Certified Public Accountant ₱ 20,000 ₱ 240,000
6 Drivers ₱ 12,000 ₱ 864,000
3 Security Officers ₱ 15,000 ₱ 540,000
Total = ₱ 5,148,000.00
III. COSTUMER ELEMENT
a. Capital Cost Secondary Distribution System
₱ 2,000,000.00
b. Service Period and Rate of Depreciation
Life of Cost Secondary Distribution 20 years

System
Salvage Value 20%
c. Cost of Operation
₱ 100,000.00
d. Franchise and Publicity
₱ 100,000.00
e. Other Investments
f.
Interest Rate 5%
Taxes and Insurance 4%
IV. INVESTOR’S PROFIT

10.28%
COMPUTATIONS
I. Fixed Elements
Total Capital Cost =Capital Cost of Plant+Cost of Primary Distribution System

Total Capital Cost =₱ 299,424,356.2+ ₱ 4,000,000.00
Total Capital Cost =₱ 303,424,356.2
Even after a careful estimating on addition of 10% to 20%

of the total cost should be made to care for contingencies
which may arise from unforeseen, complications from the sum of
many small items, each of which may be considered negligible
by itself or possible errors in estimating.
Source: From section 3-4 page 67 Power Plant Engineering by

F.T. Morse
Thus:
Capital Cost =Total Capital Cost +20 % Total Capital Cost

Capital Cost =₱ 303,424,356.2+(20 % x ₱ 303,424,356.2)
Capital Cost =₱ 364,109,227.4
Plant Depreciation=Capital Cost x Salvage Value

Plant Depreciation=₱ 364,109,227.4 x( 1−0.20)
Plant Depreciation=₱ 291,287,382
Line Depreciation=CapitalCost of Primary Distribution System x Salvage Value

Line Depreciation=₱ 4,000,000 x (1−0.20)
Line Depreciation=₱ 3,200,000
Note: Annual Depreciation will be calculated by Straight-line

method
Plant Depreciation
Plant Depreciation Reserve=
Life of Plant
₱ 291,287,382
Plant Depreciation Reserve=
40 years
Plant Depreciation Reserve=₱ 7,282,184.55/annum
Line Depreciation
Line Depreciation Reserve=
Life of Primary Line
₱ 3,200,000
Line Depreciation Reserve=
20 years
Line Depreciation Reserve=₱ 160,000 /annum
Annual Depreciation Reserve=Plant Depreciation Reserve+ Line Depreciation Reserve
₱ 7,282,184.55 ₱ 160,000
Annual Depreciation Reserve= +
annum annum
Annual Depreciation Reserve=₱ 7,442,184.55

Other Investment=Capital Cost x ( Interest +Taxes∧Insurance)
Other Investment=₱ 364,109,227.4 x ( 0.05+ 0.04)
Other Investment=₱ 32,769,830.47
Total ¿ Element = Annual Depreciation Reserve +Other Investment + General Maintenance+ Management Cost
Total ¿ Element =₱ 7,442,184.55+ ₱ 32,769,830.47+ ₱ 1,000,000+ ₱ 500,000

Total ¿ Element =₱ 41,712,015.02
II. ENERGY ELEMENT
Total Energy Element =Cost of Fuel Oil +Cost of Lubricating Oil +Cost of Labor
Total Energy Element =₱ 593,730,024.00+ ₱ 1,000,000+ ¿₱ 5,148,000
Total Energy Element =₱ 599,878,024
III. COSTUMER ELEMENT

Line Depreciation=CapitalCost of Secondary Distribution System x Salvage Value
Line Depreciation=₱ 2,000,000 x(1−0.2)
Line Depreciation=₱ 1,600,000
Line Depreciation
Annual Depreciation Reserved =
Life of Secondary Line
₱ 1,600,000
Annual Depreciation Reserved=
20 years
₱ 80,000
Annual Depreciation Reserved=
annum
Other Investments=CapitalCost of Secondary Line x ( Interest +Taxes∧Insurances)
Other Investments=₱ 2,000,000 x(0.05+0.04)
Other Investments=₱ 180,000
Total Costumer Element= Annual Depreciation Reserved +Cost of theOperation+ Franchise∧Publicity +Othe
Total Costumer Element=₱ 80,000+ ₱ 100,000+ ₱ 100,000+ ₱ 180,000
Total Costumer Element=₱ 460,000
IV. INVESTOR’S PROFIT
Capitalization=Capital Cost +Cost of Secondary Distribution System
Capitalization=₱ 364,109,227.4+ ₱ 2,000,000
Capitalization=₱ 366,109,227.4
Profit Element =10 % Capitalization
Profit Element =0.10 x ₱ 366,109,227.4
P rofit Element=₱ 26,610,922.74
Annual Production Cost=¿ Element + Energy Element +Costumer Element + Profit Element
Annual Production Cost=₱ 41,712,015.02+ ₱ 599,878,024+ ₱ 460,000+ ₱ 26,610,922.74
Annual Production Cost=₱ 668,660,961.8
COST OF PRODUCTION PER UNIT POWER
Annual Production Cost
Cost of kW Installed=
Plant Capacity Installed
₱ 668,660,961.8
34,560 kW
₱ 19,347.8288
kW
COST OF PRODUCTION PER KW-HR DELIVERED
Annual Production Cost
Cost of per kW −hr Delivered =
Annual Power Delivered
₱ 668,660,961.8
kW −hr 365 days
501,250 x
day year
₱ 3.6547
kW −hr
THREE CHARGE RATE

The diversity factor is the sum of individual maximum
demands of subdivisions of the system taken as they may occur
during daily cycle.
Diversity Factor between Costumers 3.5

Diversity Factor between 1.3
Transformers
Diversity Factor between Feeder 1.2
Diversity Factor between Substation 1.1
Total = 7.1
From Table 2-2 page 42, PPE by F.T. Morse
Peak Station Demand=Peak Load x All Diversity Factor

Peak Station Demand=31,097.0289 kW x 7.1
Peak Station Demand=220,788.9052 kW
Demand Charge =¿ Element + A Portionof Profit
Demand Charge =¿ Element + (
Capital Cost
Capitalization
x Profit Element )
Demand Charge =₱ 41,712,015.02+ (
₱ 364,109,227.4
₱ 366,109,227.4
x ₱ 26,610,922.74 )
Demand Charge =₱ 68,177,566.27
Demand Charge per Annum

Unit Demand Charge=
Peak Station Demand
₱ 68,177,566.27
Unit Demand Charge=
220,788.9052 kW
Unit Demand Charge=₱ 308.7907 per annum
Unit Demand Charge
Monthly Unit Demand Charge=
12 months
Monthly Unit Demand Charge=₱ 25,7326 per month
Annual Energy Element
Unit Energy Charge=
Annual Power Delivered
₱ 599,878,024
Unit Energy Charge=
kW −hr days
501,250 x 365
day year
Unit Energy Charge=₱ 3.2788 per kW −hr
Service Charge=Costumer Element + Remainder Profit
Service Charge=Costumer Element + (
Cost of Secondary Distribution Line
Capitalization
x Profit Element )
Service Charge=₱ 460,000+ ( ₱ 2,000,000
₱ 366,109,227.4
x ₱ 26,610,922.74 )
Service Charge=₱ 605,371.4943
ADAPTING STRAIGHT LINE METER LINE RATE

₱ 3.6547
Rate=
kW −hr
Cost of Power Delivered Annually=Rate x Power Delivered per Annum
₱ 3.6547 kW −hr days
Cost of Power Delivered Annually= x 501,250 x 365
kW −hr day year
Cost of Power Delivered Annually=₱ 668,650,206.9 per annum
Net Annual Profit =Cost of Power Delivered Annualy− [ ¿ Element + Energy Element + Costumer Element ]
Net Annual Profit =₱ 668,650,206.9− [ ₱ 41,712,015.02+ ₱ 599,878,024+ ₱ 460,000 ]
Net Annual Profit =₱ 26,600,167.88
Net Annual Profit
Rate of Return= x 100 %
Capitalization
₱ 26,600,167.88
Rate of Return= x 100 %
₱ 366,109,227.45
Rate of Return=7.2656 %
MACHINE FOUNDATION
Pmax
FLOOR PLAN

Power Plant Design

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Power Plant Design

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UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

ENGINEERING POWER PLANT DESIGN

I’m very thankful for the presence of my Parents who

raise me with their love, care, supporting me financially to

pursue my dreams and spiritually. I also thankful for giving

me their whole support to accomplish my study and also to my

brothers and sisters who also support me in my studying and

I’ve choose in my life.

To all my friends who are always there in times of up and

to my one and only beloved who inspired me every day to face

and stand to all the challenges that I’m encountered.

As a designer of this study, I would like to express my

gratitude and appreciation to those who help me accomplished

First and foremost, I thank our Almighty God for giving

me wisdom and strength in making this design reality.

I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to our

friendly Dean, Engr. Ronnie Reyes And Engr. Emmanuel P.

To my beloved parents who supported me financially,

spiritually and gave me enough strength and confidence to

pursue this study, to my brothers and sisters and to my one

and only beloved.

CHAPTER 1 Requirements of Power Plant Design

CHAPTER II Power House Survey

CHAPTER III Basis of Assumption

CHAPTER IV Transformer sheet

CHAPTER V Maximum Demand

CHAPTER VI Normal Daily Load Curve

CHAPTER VII Choice of Power Plant Site

CHAPTER VIII Unit Combination

Fuel Storage Tank

CHAPTER X Bill of Materials

CHAPTER XI Economic Study

CHAPTER XII Power Rates

REQUIREMENTS OF POWER PLANT DESIGN

I. ASSIGNMENT OF LOAD AREA:

Secure a map of a town (probably your own hometown) or city

and plot the proper load area assigned to you.

Magnify your load area to a sheet of about 12 ft² Fill up the

vacant lots and spaces with future subdivisions and

developments five years hence.

Print two or three copies of this layout maps. Preserve the

II. POWER LOAD SURVEY:

Conduct a power market survey of your power load area placing

the layout map the various types of existing customer’s

potential and probable future customers within the next five

III. LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS:

Group connected loads, the necessary distribution

Estimate the average KW-HR. monthly consumption per customer

Determine the estimated probable total annual kilowatt hour’s

consumption for the next five years.

Indicate the necessary feeder circuits and the necessary sub-

IV. LOAD DEMAND:

Draw a one line diagram of electrical distribution system;

noting the type and amount of the `

Connected load CL, group under each. Distribution

Transformers- computing and noting

Maximum demand on each connected loads.

Maximum demand on each distribution transformer.

Maximum demand on each feeder circuit,

Maximum demand on each sub-station,

Maximum demand on the Power Plant.

Applying an estimated percentage to cover power plant

consumption of plant accessories and