CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method to be used by the researcher in conducting the study. The

following are considered: research design, research environment, unit of analysis, respondents,

sampling procedure, data source, data gathering instrument and procedures, validity and

reliability of instruments, mode of analysis and procedures, and ethical considerations.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, in order for the researchers to investigate the advantages and disadvantages

of online learning towards the grade 11 students of Corpus Christi School Macasandig School

Year 2021-2022, the study uses a descriptive research design. The reason the researchers chose

this study methodology is that descriptive research seeks to characterize a population,

circumstance, or phenomenon precisely and methodically. This design is best suited because the

aim of this study is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of online learning modality

from the perspectives of the researchers towards the grade 11 students of Corpus Christi School

Macasandig School Year 2021-2022.

RESEARCH SETTING

The researchers’ chosen location of the study will only be in Corpus Christi School

Macasandig campus. The responses will be coming from the grade 12 students from different

strands which are ABM (Accountancy, Business, and Management), STEM (Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), HUMSS (Humanities and Social Science), and
GAS (General Academics Strand). The researchers chose this setting due to easier acquisition of

necessary trustworthy information and data in the school. The researchers will use the messenger

media platform to communicate with the grade 12 students from different strands. The

researchers will then create a questionnaire through the use of Google form for the grade 12

students to answer, in order to get as much information and data from them. 

UNIT OF ANALYSIS, RESPONDENTS, AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The grade 12 students of Corpus Christi School Macasandig will take part in this study

only. To gather the information, a survey will be used. The grade 12 students will be asked a

question to determine which of the two learning modes they prefer. A Google Form will be used

to ask a question about the preferred modality of the respondents. The researchers will use

stratified sampling as their sampling technique in selecting their respondents, because the chosen

respondents are coming from a portion of all subgroups, which are the students of Corpus Christi

School Macasandig school year 2021-2022. The researchers will need a total of 81 responses

coming from the grade 12 students from each section and different strands.  

Sample size will be determined using Cochran’s formula:

n0 = t² pq
e²

n0 = (1.96)²(0.5)(0.5)
(0.5)²

n0 = 384

n1 = n0
(1 + n0 )
population

384
= (1 + 384 )
103
 = 384
4.72

= 81.35

N = 81.35

DATA SOURCE, DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURE

The researchers will conduct a quantitative type for this study. The participant will then

be required to respond to each question in a google survey, which will be used by the researchers

to collect data. The information from the responses would subsequently be used in the

researcher's study. Google Forms would be the tool the researchers would use to collect data.

The grade 12 students in each part from the four separate strands of STEM, ABM, HUMSS, and

GAS will get the survey from the researchers, who will then collect the survey from the

responders. Since the researcher's objective is to determine the preferred learning modality of the

grade 12 students of Corpus Christi School Macasandig, it is a reliable program for conducting

various types of surveys.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENT

Inter-rater was the method of choice in this study since it addresses the issue of the rating

scale used by the researchers. The researchers will conduct/have four steps in establishing its

validity and reliability. The first step is that the researchers will ask a student to evaluate their

rating scale if it’s reliable. The second step is that the researchers will then have a consultation

with the evaluator through the use of google meet. The third step is that the evaluator will then
give his/her feedback of the rating scale. And the fourth step is after the evaluator gives his/her

feedback, the researchers will thank the evaluator for participating.

SCORING GUIDELINE/SCORING INSTRUCTIONS

The researchers will compile all the surveys after the grade 12 students of Corpus Christi

School have answered the question in a google form provided by the researchers. The

researchers will then input the data into the PSPP to be examined. The codes that will be used for

the ABM strand is one (1), for the STEM strand is two (2), for the HUMSS strand is three (3),

and for the GA strand is four (4).

MODE OF ANALYSIS

For this study, the researchers will use PSPP statistics as their statistical software and

descriptive statistics as their statistical technique because the objective of this study is to

investigate the advantages and disadvantages of online learning modality from the perspectives

of the researchers towards the grade 11 students of Corpus Christi School Macasandig School

Year 2021-2022.

 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

To observe ethical standards in conducting research, the researchers in this study will be

providing a consent form to the participants highlighting the purpose of the study. Also, the

respondents will be informed of how this study could contribute to the community and their

understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of online learning modality towards the grade

11 students of Corpus Christi School Macasandig School Year 2021-2022. Their identity will be

kept between the researchers only and in under no circumstances will be disclosed to the public.
The participants will also be given the right to withdraw from the study anytime, and the

participants will be informed of the finding of the study after the completion of the said study,