OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT with TQM

Cruz, Stephanie F.
BSBAHRM 2-3D
Activity No. 3 (Lesson 3: Managing Projects)

Describe the different project management techniques to guide project managers in the
implementation of projects.

I. Work breakdown structure (WBS)

- A project's activities are organized hierarchically in a work breakdown
structure (WBS). The WBS "breaks down" a project's structure into
achievable deliverables. Each deliverable has a job, or set of activities,
allocated to it that can be further divided into smaller tasks to suit the project's
requirements. This isn’t just about taking something complicated and breaking
it down into smaller parts. Using the WBS technique, it’s easier to organize
smaller tasks into a workflow than larger ones.

II. Critical Path Method (CPM)

- The Critical Path Method, sometimes known as CPM, is an algorithm used in
project management to plan out project tasks. The critical route is a
measurement of the activities from beginning to end across their longest
segment. A method for calculating and keeping track of a project's overall
length. Each job that is separated into a project has an anticipated time
frame. Those jobs are arranged in logical and any dependent order by
delivery. You may estimate the total project duration by adding together the
length of the longest series of jobs. If any tasks are delayed, the project
duration increases. Monitoring and controlling tasks on the critical path help
teams deliver projects on time.

III. Gantt Charts

- Using a Gantt chart, you can see how project activities change over time. It is
especially helpful because it lists the tasks that must be finished on particular
days. Gantt charts make it possible for project managers to quickly assess
the status of their work and decide what needs to be done to get it back on
track. A Gantt chart can include the start and end dates of tasks, milestones,
dependencies between tasks, assignees, and more.

IV. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

- One of the essential tools in project management is the Program Evaluation
and Review Technique (PERT). It is used to plan resources, estimate work
length, identify potential hazards, and identify task dependencies and key
routes. It also aids in defining and organizing tasks, coordinating available
resources, and monitoring progress. This method improves the accuracy of
task duration estimates by using 3 possible inputs for the calculation which is
optimistic time, Pessimistic time and lastly Most-likely time.