The Pentagrams in the

Basque Language
Joannes Richter
Language Supreme God Virtue “Wisdom” Virtue “Justice”
based on “to see”
Sumerian Dingir (DIMER) GESTÚ
Old Persian cuneiform MAZiDA MIΘRA
Sanskrit DIAUS PITAR VIDYA
(videre: to see)
Greek Z(i)EUS METIS ΘEMIS
Germanic *TEIWS (later *Tīus) WITES TIWAZ
(day of the week) (Thursday) (Wednesday) (Tuesday)
Basque UR(t)CIA (URTIA) JAKIN JAKINONTZI
JAUN (jainko) (“wisdom”) (“Justice”)
Latin *DJOUS-PITER MINERVA
Table 1 The supreme God and the virtues wisdom and justice

Abstract
As a small language tucked in the Pyrenees mountains on the border of Spain and France, Basque
(Euskara) is completely different from the languages that surround it. As a matter of fact, it is
different from any other language on the planet. And its grammar is almost as complex as its
history.
Basque (Euskara) is one of the oldest languages in Western Europe, preceding the Indo-European
tongues. However the phonetics also may be characterized by the 5 points of articulation: guttural,
lingual, labial, palatal and dental.
According to the Etymological Dictionary of Basque1 a sky-god's name in the Codex Calixtinus
may have been documented by a 12th-century French scholar Aymeric Picaud, claiming URÇIA as a
word for ‘God’, which was interpreted as an archaic Basque sky-god named *ORTZI or *URTZI.
The French or Latin spelling URÇIA may also be reconstructed towards the genuine pentagram
URTIA, which may be identified as a core “URTIAR” in the Basque word URT(i)ARRILA for the
month January. In Latin the first month January is devoted to the archaic god “ JANUS”. The day of
the week ortzegun2 (in Latin Jovis dies, and in English: Thursday) may also be reconstructed to
URTIEGUN (URTIA's day).
The restored pentagrams may help to understand the roots for the Basque words for the relevant
months and days of the week.

1 Trask, R. Larry (2008), Wheeler, Max W. (ed.), Etymological Dictionary of Basque (PDF), Falmer, UK: University
of Sussex, retrieved 2 March 2020
2 in which the Basque word “egun” is translated as 'day'
Introduction
Basque language, also known as euskara, is a language spoken by Basques and others of the Basque
Country (Basque: Euskal Herria; Spanish: País Vasco; French: Pays basque). Euskal Herria
(EUSKAL) is the oldest documented Basque name for the area they inhabit, dating from the 16th
century.
Basque tribes were mentioned by Greek writer Strabo and Roman writer Pliny, including the
Vascones (VASCON), the Aquitani, and others. Caesar's reference to their customs and physical
make-up, the so-called Aquitanian inscriptions recording names of people and gods (approx. 1st
century, see Aquitanian language), etc.
Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz (VITOR), is also the seat of the political main institutions of the
Basque Autonomous Community.[2]
Also the name Iruña-Veleia (IRUNA) is a genuine pentagram.
Geographically, the Basque Country was inhabited in Roman times by several tribes: the Vascones,
the Varduli, the Caristi, the Autrigones, the Berones, the Tarbelli, and the Sibulates. Some ancient
place-names, such as Deba, Butrón, Nervión, Zegama, suggest the presence of non-Basque peoples
at some point in protohistory.

The pentagrams seem to be preferred to create new names for gods, virtues, royals and other
sensitive definitions, which should not be easily traceable back to their metaphors.
Pentagrams have been discovered in cuneiform texts and Linear-B texts. The spelling DIMER is
identified as a pentagram for the cuneiform word Dingir.
In Mycenean language the name of the sky-god Zeus (*Dii ēus) the Linear-B words is pelled: DI-WE
or DI-WO, respectively DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S).
In the Basque mythology we may identify various pentagrams, which for name-giving follow the
rules for the name-giving for the sky-gods and cardinal virtues “wisdom” and “justice”.
The evidence for this insight is documented in this essay.
The sky-god Urtia
Urtzi (also ortzi) is an ancient Basque language term which is believed to either
represent an old common noun for the sky, or to have been a name for a pre-Christian
sky deity.[1][2] 3

Basque (Euskara) is one of the oldest languages in Western Europe, preceding the Indo-European
tongues. However the phonetics also may be characterized by the 5 points of articulation: guttural,
lingual, labial, palatal and dental.
According to the Etymological Dictionary of Basque4 a sky-god's name in the Codex Calixtinus
may have been documented by a 12th-century French scholar Aymeric Picaud, claiming URÇIA as a
word for ‘God’, which was interpreted as an archaic Basque sky-god named *ORTZI or *URTZI.
The French or Latin spelling URÇIA may also be reconstructed towards the genuine pentagram
URTIA, which may be identified as a core “URTIAR” in the Basque word URT(i)ARRILA for the
month January. In Latin the first month January is devoted to the archaic god “ JANUS”. The day of
the week ortzegun5 (in Latin Jovis dies, and in English: Thursday) may also be reconstructed to
URTIEGUN (URTIA's day).
The Basque language contains various correlations to the calendar and meteorological terms to the
root ortzi (“sky-god”) (with the variants URÇIA respectively URTIA, ORTZIA, ORZIA and
OSTIA), for example:[16][27]
• ortzadar 'rainbow' ( URTIA + adar 'horn')
• URTIA 'sky, thunder'
• orzgorri (> oskorri) 'red sky' ( URTIA + gorri 'red')
• ostargi 'daylight' ( URTIA + argi 'light')
• ostegun 'Thursday' ( URTIA + egun 'day')
• oskarbi 'clear sky' ( URTIA + garbi 'clean')

The sky-god Jainko

The alternative for the Lord God is JAINKO, which may also correlate to the words JAKIN for
“wisdom” and JAKINONTZI (“justice”):
• JAINKO GOD
• JAKINTSUA WISE
• JAKITURIA WISDOM
• JAKIN WISDOM
• JAKINONTZI JUSTICE
Probably these words had been inherited from PIE-sources, which belonged to the Christian
missionaries;
From jaun (JAUN, “lord”) + goiko (“upper, from above”). It is unclear whether jainko
(“god”) is derived from this term or the other way round.[1] It has been suggested that
Christian missionaries coined Jaungoikoa as a folk etymology for jainko. 8

3 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtzi
4 Trask, R. Larry (2008), Wheeler, Max W. (ed.), Etymological Dictionary of Basque (PDF), Falmer, UK: University
of Sussex, retrieved 2 March 2020
5 in which the Basque word “egun” is translated as 'day'
6 Trask, L. The History of Basque (1997) Routledge ISBN 0-415-13116-2
7 Jose M. de Barandiaran Mitologia Vasca (1996) Txertoa ISBN 84-7148-117-0
8 Jaungoikoa#Basque
The dual system for the days of the week
There are several systems in the different Euskera dialects.[29] 9 .
In the Standard Basque the most intriguing entry is the word for Thursday, Osteguna (interpreted as
“Urtiaguna”, "Ortzi/Sky day", URTIA + egun 'day').
In Germanic languages the Tuesday is devoted to Tiw or Tiwaz (TIWAZ ). The corresponding Greek
pentagram is “METIS”. Wednesday is devoted to “wit” or “wisdom” ( WITAS). The corresponding
Greek pentagram is “ThEMIS”. In the Gothic language the supreme divine name is TEIWS, which is
related to Thursday. Therefore the god URTIA may be the archaic sky-god.
The name URT(i)ARRILA for the Latin god of the beginning and end (JANUS) in January.
The Sunday “Igandea” may be devoted to the sky-God's "ascension". In Gothic the sun is SAUIL.

Day of the week Standard Basque, Guipuscoan Basque Biscayne, Basque

Word 5-gram Basque word Interpretation Basque Interpretatio
word n
Monday Astelehena week-first astelena "week-first"
"Moon day"
Tuesday TIWAZ Asteartea week-between martitzena "Mars day"
Wednesday WITAS Asteazkena week-last eguaztena "day last"
Thursday TEIWS Osteguna "Ortzi/Sky day" eguena day of days,
(“Urtiaguna”) ( URTIA + egun 'day') day of light
Friday LIBER Ostirala Ostirala (Viernes)-> Ost (ortzi, Barikua day without
zeru) + irala (irargi, ilargi,luna); egubakotx supper
“El día de la luna de Ortzi”.
Saturday Larunbata Fourth day, zapatua Sábado
Neskenegun ("meeting of friends") (Sabbath)
("girls' day")
Sunday SAUIL Igandea Probably from igan (“to go up”), domeka Dominica
originally meaning "ascension".
Table 2 The days of the week in the different Euskera dialects

9 Astronomy and Basque Language, Henrike Knörr, Oxford VI and SEAC 99 "Astronomy and Cultural Diversity", La
Laguna, June 1999. It references Alessandro Bausani, 1982, The prehistoric Basque week of three days:
archaeoastronomical notes, The Bulletin of the Center for Archaeoastronomy (Maryland), v. 2, 16–22.
The display of the theonym in the 2-dimensional alphabet
The display of the theonym in the 2-dimensional alphabet depends on the alphabet. A theonym may
be displayed on the 2nd row of the Latin alphabet or at the 3rd row of the Futhark alphabet.
We now may illustrate how the Latin alphabet may display “URTIE” at the 2nd row of the 2-
dimensional Latin alphabet.
First of all we will have to prepare the 2-dimensional table with columns in the horizontal sequence
as follows from left to right: labial, dental, lingual, palatal and guttural.
We will have to insert all 26 Latin letters. The Latin alphabet skipped the Hebrew letter-symbols ‫ט‬
(Th9). The skipped letter (Þ9) should be inherited and is to be inserted in the 2-dimensional table to
display the correct theonym.
The following letters are to be inserted: 4 linguals: D, (Þ), L, N, T, 7 palatals: C, G, I, en J, K, Q, X,
7 labials: B, ϝ - V, M, P, U, W, 5 gutturals: A, Ε, H, O, Y and the 3 dentals: Z, R S.
Usually the 5-letter word displays 5 symbols (labial, dental, lingual, palatal, guttural) as a
pentagram. In the following example the theonym represents the expected sky-god URÞΙΕ. In this
alphabet the F6 and the V or U are equivalents.

row labials dentals linguals palatals gutturals #

5 V,U,W Τ22 X Y 7
4 P17 Ν14 Q19 Ο16 5
3 Μ13 S21 L12 Κ11 Η8 4
2 F6 (V) R20 (Þ 9 ) Ι, J10 Ε5 4
1 Β2 Ζ7 D4 C,G3 Α1 6
# 7 3 4 7 5 26
Table 3 The display of the Basque theonym (URÞΙË)
in the Latin alphabets (in 26 Latin capital letters)

The sample illustrates how the Latin alphabet may display the theonym “URTIË” at the 2nd row of
the 2-dimensional Latin alphabet.
The spelling “URÇIA“ seems to be equivalent to “URTIA”, respectively “URTIË”.
Both spellings “URTIA”, respectively “URTIË” are equivalent with “TIVAR”. In these pentagrams
the 5 letters T, I, V, A, R may be reordered. Therefore “URTIA”, respectively “URTIË” are
theonyms for the sky-gods as good as “TIVAR” , “TEIWS“ and “DIAUS PITAR”.
In the next chapter I will check in how far the “URTIA” may be generated with another type of
signaries.
Testing the display of a Basque theonym in the Futhark signary
In Spain the Visigoths may have studied the introduction of the Futhark signary for their documents.
I decided to investigate the behavior of the Futhark signary if somebody would try to reorder the
columns to display the Basque Theonym “URTIE” in the 3rd row.
Normally the standard order of the columns is lingual, palatal, labial, guttural, dental, which results
in the theonyms TĪW en TĪWÆS .

row lingual palatal labial guttural dental

6 D M
5 Ŋ (Ng) B O
4 L J P E
3 T I [W] Ï or Æ S
2 N G U H Z
1 Þ K [F] A R
Table 4 2-Dimensional table of the runic alphabet on the Kylver Stone
(on the third row the alphabet displays the theonyms TĪW and TĪWÆS)
In order to switch these names to “URTIË” we would need to reorder the columns to: labial, dental,
lingual, palatal, guttural, which results in a display “WSTIË”, which would deteriorate the
Visigoths' theonyms TĪW and TĪWÆS:

row labial dental lingual palatal guttural

6 M D
5 B Ŋ (Ng) O
4 P L J E
3 [W] S T I Ï or Æ
2 U Z N G H
1 [F] R Þ K A
Table 5 2-Dimensional table of the runic alphabet on the Kylver Stone
(on the third row the alphabet displays the theonym WSTĪÆ)

The Basque name-giving of the best-fit theonym “URTIË” had been based on a Latin alphabet.
The overview of the months in the Basque language
The following overview of the months is partly derived from the web-site Months of the year in
Basque. Most of the 12 months are founded on the agriculture and harvest.
The months January, March, April, May may be honored by a Latin name-giving of pentagrams.
The Romans gave the month April the Latin name Aprilis[1] but the derivation of this name is
uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the verb aperire, "to open".
Only the first month URT(i)ARRILA for the Latin god (JANUS of the beginning and end) may be
devoted to the beginning of the New Year in January.
EKAINA (JUNO) and UZTAILA (JULY) seem to be inherited from the Latin words: JuNo and
JuLy.

Month Pentagram Basque Etymology Interpretation

January JANUS (?) URTARRILA From UR (water) and URTAR New Year month
(aquatic) or referring to the god or black month
URTIA, who may be the archaic
sky-god.
February OTSAILA From Otso (wolf) bull or wolf
month
March MAR(t)CH MARTXOA compared to Epaitu (to mow) Mow, tepid and
edo Epaila and Epaile (mower), a reference pruning month
to the month of pruning (trees
and plants).
April APRIL APIRILA Jorrail is to be compared to weeding or
edo Jorraila Jorratu (weeded) fasting-bread
month
May MAIUS MAIATZA Loreil de Lore (flower) leaf and flower
Māius 10 edo Loreila month
June Sextilis JUNO EKAINA Eguzki or the souletin Eki (sun), seed-time, bean or
and Gain (top) barley month
July Quinctilis JULY UZTAILA Uzta (harvest) harvest or wheat
month
August Agorrila Agor (dry) month of drought
edo Abuztua
September IRAILA related to Iratze (fern) fern or ear month
October URRIA Related to Urri (rare) gathering month
November AZAROA Related to Hazi (seed) seed period
December ABENDUA Lotazil is related to Lotu (attach germination
edo Lotazilla and root) and hazi (seed) or month
hozitu (germinated)
Table 6 Months of the year in Basque

10 Source: from Latin Māius (“Maia's month”), from Maia, a Roman earth goddess.
An etymology of the Germanic virtues “wisdom” and “justice”
In Fundamentals in the Name-Giving for the Days of the Week the Germanic virtues “wisdom”
(WITES) and “justice” (TIWAZ) are interpreted as equivalents to the Greek “Wisdom” (METIS11),
respectively “justice” (ΘEMIS), in which only the vowels I and E have been exchanged.
The days of the week seemed to have been composed as a symbolic “pantheon”, which apart from the Sun,
the Moon and Saturn contains various triads with a sky-god, a chthonic god and the most important virtues
“Justice” (ΘEMIS), “Wisdom” (METIS), “Freedom” (LIBER) or “DĪVES” (Dis).
The names for the sky-god “IU” (DJOUS) and the chthonic gods “LIBER” (“freedom”) and “Dis”
(“DĪVES”, “underworld”) included a “PITER”-attribute, which indicate the supremacy of these gods.
The involved triads are Capitoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) and the Aventine Triad (Ceres, Liber
and Libera), in which Jupiter (Zeus) represents the father sky and Ceres (Demeter) the mother earth. Minerva
(MINERVA) represents the virtue “Wisdom” (Greek: METIS).
Liber (LIBER) and Libera symbolize the virtue “freedom”. The deity “DĪVES” represents the underworld in
contrast to the sky (DIOUS).
The composition of the names for Tuesday and Wednesday reveals two mirrored patterns of the virtues' cores
ΘEM ↔ MET and TIW ↔ WIT. A few divine names (including the virtues “Justice” and “Wisdom”), such
as *MENIRVA, MINERVA, *DJOUS-PITER, DĪVES-PITER and LIBER-PITER are members of the
Capitoline and/or Aventine triads.
The pentagrams of the Basque language

Pentagrams
Name Type Language Symbol 1 2 3 4 5 Day of the week
3 JAKINONTZI Virtue Basque Justice J A K I N Tuesday
3 UNI Virtue Etruscan Justice U N I Tuesday
3 TIWAZ Virtue Germanic Justice T I W A Z Tuesday
3 ΘEMIS Virtue Greek Justice Θ E M I S Tuesday
3 (D)I(O)US Virtue Latin Justice (d) I U (o) S Tuesday
4 JAKIN Virtue Basque Wisdom J A K I N Wednesday
4 *MENIRVA Virtue Etruscan Wisdom M E N I R Wednesday
4 WITES Virtue Germanic Wisdom W I T E S Wednesday
4 METIS Virtue Greek Wisdom M E T I S Wednesday
4 MINERVA Virtue Latin Wisdom M I N E R Wednesday
5 URTIA Deity Basque Sky U R T I A Thursday
5 *DJOUS-PITER Deity Latin Sky D I O U S Thursday
5 DĪVES-PITER Deity Germanic Underworld D I V E S Thursday
6 LIBER-PITER Deity Latin Underworld L I B E R Friday
6 LIBERtas, VRIJ** Deity Germanic Freedom V R IJ * * Friday

Table 7 Symbolism in the Days of the Week

(from: Fundamentals in the Name-Giving for the Days of the Week)

11 Etymology of Metis (the first wife of Zeus), from Greek Metis, literally "advice, wisdom, counsel; cunning, skill,
craft," from PIE root *me- "to measure" (see meter (n.2)). (Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary) (source: Metis)
The adaptations and corrections in the Interpretatio Romana
This chapter is based on the essay De kardinale, vijfvoudige deugdconcepten, in which the
Interpretatio Romana12 has to be completed with the deities Metis and Themis, who might be
matched to the antipodal structured names of the Germanic deities and virtues.
1. The Latin Iupiter, the Greek Zeus and their Germanic partner Teiws are the sky-gods. The
Thursday is the day of the week for the sky-gods. The name Thursday and the French word
Jeudi shape the day for the sky-gods.
2. The Latin Mars and Greek Ares do not belong to the deities for justice (Themis). The name
Tuesday is the correct day for Iustitia (the Hellenic Themis and Germanic Tiw). Therefore
the name Mardi (Literally “the war's day”) is incorrect. In fact the “M” in the word Mars is a
mirrored “W” in the word “Wars”.
3. The Latin Minerva and Pallas Athena are the symbolic deities for the virtue “wisdom”,
which are represented by the Germanic Wodan and Hellenic Metis. The Wednesday and also
the French Mercredi are the day of the week for the virtue wisdom. The French name
Mercredi refers to the name of the god Mercurius and is incorrect. The derivation Minerdi
from Minerva (the Latin deity for wisdom) would be a suitable name for this day.

Latin Germanic Greek Old Greek Virtues Day of the week

French English
Iupiter *TEIWS Zeus ZIEUS Z(i)eus prudence Jeudi Thursday
Mars Tiwaz Ares
ΘEMIS Themis justice Mardi Tuesday
Iustitia Tiwaz (TIW) Themis
Mercurius Wodan Hermes Wisdom
METIS Metis myths Mercredi Wednesday
Minerva Wodan (WIT) Pallas Athena Courage
Rage
Venus Friia Aphrodite Vendredi Friday
Table 8 Adaptation and corrections in the Interpretatio Romana

12 In Wikipedia there is no English version of the table

The overview of pentagrams in various languages

The Sumerian pentagrams

Earlier cuneiform languages may have composed pentagrams. The earliest documented sky-god
may be the Sumerian Dingir-Symbol (the Sumerian sky-god DINgIR) (pronounced as a pentagram:
DIMER). The Sumerian pronunciation: [TIŊIɾ] may be inspiring for the Etruscan TINIA13.
The analysis of a few relevant pentagrams MAZiDA, MIΘRA and MINAR (→ "PILLAR") in the
Old Persian cuneiform vocabulary suggests a continuous tradition in compositions of: the supreme
gods, the virtues for “Wisdom” (usually derived from the PIE-metaphor “videre”: to see) and (from
the Old Persian cuneiform) also for the "Justice”14.

The European pentagrams

According to modern PIE-linguistics all nouns for abstract objects (such as justice) have to be
generated as metaphors from existing words and not as new words by composing 5-letter
pentagrams from the Places of articulation.
Especially the first names of the virtues (wisdom and justice) and the gods (like the sky-god
DIAUS) a method to create words by a “standard”-method from nothing. Yes, the archaic linguists
found a method to create “standard”-words without a metaphor “from nothing”.
In a 12th-century account, the Codex Calixtinus15 a number of Basque words are listed. One entry
may refer to a sky-god Urtzi: “et Deus uocant URCIA” ("and they name God as Urcia".).[1] The
name may be interpreted as a pentagram UR(t)CIA (or URTIA).
The Basque mythology may been founded on the supreme sky-god URTIA.
The introduction of the Christianity may have introduced JAUN (jainko) as a sky-god, who is
accompanied by the virtues JAKIN (“wisdom”) and JAKINONTZI (“Justice”). The name JAUN
(jainko) may correlate to the core JAU for the pentagram DIAUS:

Language Supreme God Virtue “Wisdom” Virtue “Justice”

based on “to see”
Sumerian Dingir (DIMER) GESTÚ
Old Persian cuneiform MAZiDA MIΘRA
Sanskrit DIAUS PITAR VIDYA
(videre: to see)
Greek Z(i)EUS METIS ΘEMIS
Germanic *TEIWS (later *Tīus) WITES TIWAZ
(day of the week) (Thursday) (Wednesday) (Tuesday)
Basque UR(t)CIA (URTIA) JAKIN JAKINONTZI
JAUN (jainko) (“wisdom”) (“Justice”)
Latin *DJOUS-PITER MINERVA
Table 9 The supreme God and the virtues wisdom and justice

13 A Standard Name-Giving for Abstract PIE-Objects

14 Once upon a Day the Word DINGIR (DIMER) Arose
15 Source: Codex Calixtinus of Aymeric Picaud, a French pilgrim
Summary
As a small language tucked in the Pyrenees mountains on the border of Spain and France, Basque
(Euskara) is completely different from the languages that surround it. As a matter of fact, it is
different from any other language on the planet. And its grammar is almost as complex as its
history.
Basque (Euskara) is one of the oldest languages in Western Europe, preceding the Indo-European
tongues. However the phonetics also may be characterized by the 5 points of articulation: guttural,
lingual, labial, palatal and dental.
According to the Etymological Dictionary of Basque16 a sky-god's name in the Codex Calixtinus
may have been documented by a 12th-century French scholar Aymeric Picaud, claiming URÇIA as a
word for ‘God’, which was interpreted as an archaic Basque sky-god named *ORTZI or *URTZI.
The French or Latin spelling URÇIA may also be reconstructed towards the genuine pentagram
URTIA, which may be identified as a core “URTIAR” in the Basque word URT(i)ARRILA for the
month January. In Latin the first month January is devoted to the archaic god “JANUS”. The day of
the week ortzegun17 (in Latin Jovis dies, and in English: Thursday) may also be reconstructed to
URTIEGUN (URTIA's day).
The restored pentagrams may help to understand the roots for the Basque words for the relevant
months and days of the week.

The pentagrams seem to be preferred to create new names for gods, virtues, royals and other
sensitive definitions, which should not be easily traceable back to their metaphors.
Pentagrams have been discovered in cuneiform texts and Linear-B texts. The spelling DIMER is
identified as a pentagram for the cuneiform word Dingir.
In Mycenean language the name of the sky-god Zeus (*Dii ēus) the Linear-B words is pelled: DI-WE
or DI-WO, respectively DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S).
In the Basque mythology we may identify various pentagrams, which for name-giving follow the
rules for the name-giving for the sky-gods and cardinal virtues “wisdom” and “justice”.
The sample illustrates how the Latin alphabet may display the theonym “URTIE” at the 2nd row of
the 2-dimensional Latin alphabet.
The evidence for this insight is documented in this essay.
The overview of an (incomplete) overview of the (~308) pentagrams is listed in the appendix.

16 Trask, R. Larry (2008), Wheeler, Max W. (ed.), Etymological Dictionary of Basque (PDF), Falmer, UK: University
of Sussex, retrieved 2 March 2020
17 in which the Basque word “egun” is translated as 'day'
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
The sky-god Urtia.................................................................................................................................3
The sky-god Jainko..........................................................................................................................3
The dual system for the days of the week............................................................................................4
The display of the theonym in the 2-dimensional alphabet..................................................................5
Testing the display of a Basque theonym in the Futhark signary....................................................6
The overview of the months in the Basque language...........................................................................7
An etymology of the Germanic virtues “wisdom” and “justice”.........................................................8
The adaptations and corrections in the Interpretatio Romana..............................................................9
The overview of pentagrams in various languages............................................................................10
The Sumerian pentagrams ............................................................................................................10
The European pentagrams.............................................................................................................10
Summary.............................................................................................................................................11
Appendix - An (incomplete) Overview of the (~314) Pentagrams....................................................13
Appendix - An (incomplete) Overview of the (~314) Pentagrams
According to a comment to the Sefer Jetsirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
categorized according to 5 categories, which are based on the 5 phonetic sources where the human
voice is generating the phonetic sounds.
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4,
paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew
alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph ( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (
‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the tongue with the opening of
the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial sounds] made by the release of the lips
and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬, yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by
the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬,
ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau (‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with
the [emission of] sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental
sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest. 18”

The following dictionary documents a number (~314) of perfect pentagrams in various languages.
Only a subset of these words have been composed as pentagrams. Other words unintentionally may
have turned into pentagrams.
#
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
1. A
ADUZI P Adige , ladinisch Adesc, trentinisch Àdes, Adige (river) Italian
ETUSC P Adisch , Etsch Etsch German
2. A
ÆLIUS P Sextus_Aelius_Catus (Roman senator) (4 AD) Catus (name) Latin
Both ÆLIUS and CATUS are pentagrams
3. A
AFRIN P Afrin – City and tributary of the Orontes river Afrin Turkish
4. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
5. A
ALBIS P Elbe, Latin Albis, meaning "river" or "river-bed" Albis (river) Latin
LABSK P tschech LABSK Elbe German
6. A
ALPIS P Tributary of the Danube in Herodotus (4. 49) Alpis (river) Latin
7. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit (haven) Phoenician
day Tartus in Syria. (?)
8. A
AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki Nectar Sanskrit
9. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus (name) Scots
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
10. A
APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd month Old French
11. A
ARBID P Tell Arbid is a multicultural site.[11] Tell Arbid Sumerian
12. A
ARJUN(A) P Core: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
13. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Ancient Aulis (port) Latin
port-town, located in Boeotia in central Greece
14. A
ΑἼΣΩΝ P (Αἴσων) – Aison was the son of Cretheus & Tyro Aison Greek
15. A
ἈΡΊΩΝ P (Ἀρείων) – very fast, black horse. Arion Greek
16. A
ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
18 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
A
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
17. A
Z
ASYUT P capital of the Thirteenth Nome of Upper Egypt Asiut English
S ZAWTY P (Lycopolites Nome) around 3100 BC "Guardian" Egyptian
SYOWT P Egyptian Zawty, Coptic Syowt[2] Koptisch
18. B
BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
19. B
BATIR P batir To beat Spanish
20. B
BEITS P stain (colorant that soaks into surface) beits Dutch
21. B
BINZA P binza membrane Spanish
22. B
BIREN P Birne - pear German
BIRNE P Biren
23. B
BISEL P bisel order Spanish
24. B
BISON P From: Latin bison "wild ox" (animal) bison Latin
25. B
BĪZAN P Old High German Bizan – fr.: Old English bītan to bite OH. German
26. B
BLOIS P Blois (832 AD), in the Rennaissance official Blois (city) French
residence for the King of France.
27. B
BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady boss French
28. B
BREKhMÓS - Brekhmós: skull skull Greek
29. B
BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
30. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed noble Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
31. B
B
BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make To build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
32. B
B
BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
BREIThEEL P welsh breitheel welsh
BRÆG(E)N P oe. bræg(e)n (ne. brain)
*MREGh-MO - pie. *mregh-mo- (brains) PIE
33. B
B
BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B BREID P a word of uncertain origin. English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
34. B
P
BREChT P splendid (Brecht) splendid, Dutch
B PRAChT P Brecht (pronoun) bright Germanic
BRIGHT - bright (splendid) English
35. B
P
BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian Dutch
B
B
PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard king/queen Frankisch
BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Basin(a) of Lombard
BAZIN P woman in charge Thuringia
36. B
S
BIDDEN P Fides, (confidence, trust)19 Fides (virtue) Dutch
F FIDES P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη(sphídē) Latin
ΣΦΊΔΗ - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” to beg Old Greek
37. C
CĀNUS P cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable Aged person Latin
38. C
CATUS P catus clever Latin

19 Numa is said to have built a temple to Fides publica; Source: fides in William Smith, editor (1848) A
Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
39. C
CHURL P Churl (ceorl / CHURL), lage stand v. vrije man Churl English
40. C
CHURN P To churn (of unknown origin). To churn English
41. C
CONUS P From Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone, cōnus Medieval
spinning top, pine cone”) Latin
42. C
CRĪBLE - Crible - sieve, sifter, riddle sieve French
43. C
CROWN P "crown" – from Latin “corona” crown English
44. D
DIMER P sky-god – in emesal pronounced as DIMER Dingir Sumerian
45. D
(D)JOUR - Jour day French
46. D
*DUIRO P Duero (river) Duero (river) Spain/Portug.
47. D
DARYVŠ - D- A- R- Ya- Va- ū- Š - Darius I Darius (king) Old-Persian
DA(R)YVŠ - daryvuS
48. D
DECUS P Decus - deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. honor Latin
Honor, distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
49. D
DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ Sky-god Sanskrit
50. D
DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
51. D
DIVES P Dives (river) in France Dives (river) French
52. D
DIVES P dives rich Latin
53. D
DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. divine Latin
54. D
DOUIX - Douix (Source at the river Seine) Douix (river) French
55. D
DYEUS P *Dyeus (god) DIEUS (god) PIE
56. D
D
DIS-PATER - Dīs Pater Dīs Pater Latin
DĪVES- P originally DĪVES-PATER (god) (m.)
PATER
57. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
58. E
ENGUR P fresh water (from underground aquifers), freshwater Sumerian
(ABZU) also named ENGUR. Also named “Abzu”,
literally, ab='water' (or 'semen') zu='to know'
or 'deep' was the name for fresh water from
underground aquifers.
59. E
ERBIL P Erbil. also HAWLER or Arbela, capital and most Erbil (city) Kurdish
populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
60. E
ERIDU P Eridu ("confluence" of the rivers) is the first city Eridu (city) Sumerian
in the world by the ancient Sumerians
61. E
ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) Herman Latin
(ARMIN)
62. E
ἘΧῙῙ
ΩΝ - (Ἐχῑṛων) "viper", one of the 5 founders of Thebes Echion-name Greek
63. E
S
ESPIÑA P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) thorn English
S
S
SPINE P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) needle Latin
S SPĪNA P spiná (спинаṛ, back) backbone Russian
S
SPINÁ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - espiña needle Galician
SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE Dutch
64. F
FAÐIR P Faðir, FAÐIR Father Old-Norse
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
65. F
FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti (days) Latin
66. F
FAϸIR P The “father” seems to be a feeding care-taker, (Feeding rune
including the “foster” father. In contrast the parent)
procreator father is named the “Kuni”. Foster-father
67. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret cat (animal) Latin
68. F
FELIZ P feliz (happy) happy Spanish
69. F
FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Old German
70. F
FIDES P fidēs - faith, belief, confidence, trust fidēs Latin
71. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
72. F
FINAR P finar To dy Spanish
73. F
FIRAT P The name (Euphrates) is YEPRAT in Armenian Firat (river) Turkish
(Եփրատ), PERAT in Hebrew (‫)פרת‬, FIRAT in [Eufraat] Kurdish
Turkish and FIRAT in Kurdish.
74. F
FIRTH - fjord, river mouth - root *pertu- firth Scots
75. F
FJORD P narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created fjord Scandinavian
by a glacier. Indo-European root *pertu-
76. F
FOSITE - Fosite: Norse god for justice Fosite (god) Fries
77. F
FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
78. F
FRIDA P Frida (name), Swedish name Frida (name) Swedish
79. F
FYΘAR P Futhark - runic code in alphabet and scripture Futhark Germanic
80. F
F
FRIJŌNĄ - from Proto-Germanic *frijōną To free Proto-Germ.
V
F
FRIJŌN P to free; make free to make love Prt.-W.
V VRÎEN P Germ.
V
F FRIJEN P M.L. German
VRIEN P Low German
VRIJEN P Middle Dutch
FRIJŌN P Dutch
FILOS P Gothic
81. F
L
ΦIΛOΣ F Filos, from: “philosopher” To love Greek
L LIEF(S) P ΦIΛOΣ Dutch
LIeBES - German
82. F
P
FYSON P Rivers of Paradise: Pison, Gihon, Hiddekel (or Fyson (river) Mid.-English
PISON P Tigris), and Euphrates. Pison English
83. G
GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
84. G
GENU(S) P *genu, English knee knee Latin
85. G
GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) family, birth Latin
86. G
GESTÚ P Enki as the god of knowledge (gestú) knowledge Sumerian
87. G
D
DI-WE (S) - DI-WE or DI-WO or DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S) Zeus (*Dii ēus) Mycenaen
or DI-WO - Zeus (*Dii ēus) Greek
(S)
88. H
H
HLEIFR - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain brood Germanic
K HLAIFS Hleifr Old-Norse
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
KHLAIBUZ Hlaifs Gothic
89. H
S
(HI)SP - Spanje - The origins of the Roman name Spain (state) Spanish
S ANIA P Hispania, and the modern España, are uncertain, English
SP AIN - although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians Phoenician
SP ANIA referred to the region as Spania
90. I
INFERNO Inferi: "inhabitants of infernal regions, the dead." Inferno (Hel) Latin
91. I
IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
92. I
ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
93. I
ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones Istavonen Latin
(people)
94. I
J
IANUS P Janus -god of the beginning and end [1]. Janus Latin
JANUS P Janus French
95. J
JUDAS P Judas Judas (name) Dutch
96. J
JULES P Jules Jules (name) French
97. J
JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury French
98. J
JURON P juron swear word French
99. J
JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" Just French
JUSTO P Spanish
100. J
JUTES P Jutes (population of Jutland) Jutes English
101. k
KARUN P Karun, Iran's most effluent and only navigable Karun (river) English
river. In the Bible: Gihon river, at the Garden of
Eden near the Persian Gulf, fed by the four rivers
Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and Pishon
(Wadi Al-Batin). The name is derived from the
mountain range named Kuhrang (→ : Karoen)
102. K
KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise In runes
“Guth” (God)
103. K
KLEUR P Colour – early 13c., "skin color, complexion," kleur Dutch
COLOUR – from Anglo-French culur, coulour, Old French Color English
COULEUR - color "color, complexion, appearance" (Modern Colour French
French couleur), from Latin color "color of the
skin;
104. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war Greek
105. K
KRÉŌN P son of Menoikeus Kreon Greek
106. K
KREY(N) P sieve, sifter, riddle sieve PIE-kern
107. K
K
KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
108. L
*LIWAR P Loire Loire (river) French
109. L
LACUS P Lacus (e.g. Lacus_Curtius) Water, lake Latin
LAGUZ P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) Old-Norse
LAUGR P Laguz
110. L
LAIUS P Laius- Son of Labdacus. Father, by Jocasta, of Laius (name) Latin
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
LAIOS - Oedipus, who killed him. Greek
111. L
LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek stone Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-
Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)
112. L
LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Licht (weight) Latin
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food)
113. L
LOVIS P Alternative spelling for e.g. Lovisa/Louise Lovis (name) Swedish (f.)
(female / male) German (m.)
114. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) (royal) Louis (name) English
115. L
LIB(A)RŌ P Liver (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) Liver English
LIFER P lifer (Old English) Old English
LIVER P
*LIBRŌ P
116. L
LIBAR P libar To suckle Spanish
LIBER P
117. L
LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
118. L
LIBRA P Libra (pound) and Libra (in astrology) Pound Spanish
P Scales
119. L
LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
120. L
LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘power of love’ [10e century; love Dutch
W.Ps.]
121. L
LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
122. L
LI
IMOS P Limos hunger Greek
123. L
LIVES P lives lives English
124. L
LIVRE P livre book French
125. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
126. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS (king) Clovis- name French
127. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) – LOUIS (king) Louis (name) French
128. L
LUCHS P Luchs (Felis lynx) lynx German
129. L
LUGAR P lugar {m} location Spanish
130. L
LUIER P luier (diaper) diaper Dutch
131. L
LÚKOS P LÚKOS ("wolf") Lúkos (wolf) Greek
132. L
LUXIA (?) - 1
Luxia (river in Spanje: Rio Tinto) Tinto (river) Latin
133. L
LUXOR P Luxor, een van de oudste bewoonde steden Luxor (Egypt) Egyptian
134. L
ΛΌΦΙΣ P In Haliartus there is a river Lophis (Λόφις). Lophis river Greek
135. L
L
LIBER P liureHet woord “Liberi” is een pluralia tantum Child Latin
LIBERI - (alleen in meervoud) (children)
136. L
L
LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked free Latin
L
L
LIURE P (→ freeman) Old Occitan
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: ; Provencal libro Provencal
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Portuguese
LIBRE P French: libre French
137. M
(Ava) In Kurdish, the Tigris is known as Ava Mezin, Ava Mezin Kurdish
MEZIN "the Great Water". [Tigris] river
138. M
*MOSIL P German Mosel, French Moselle, Dutch Moezel Moezel river German
139. M
MANSI P Are the Minoans and the Mansi in Siberia Mansi Mansi
related? | Minoans Part 6 (people)
140. M
MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
141. M
MARIN P Marin (name), from s Latin name Marinus Marin (name) Latin
142. M
MARITSA - Maritsa (river) Maritsa river Bulgaars
MERIÇ P Meriç [meɾittʃ] Meriç [meɾittʃ] Turkish
143. M
MATIR P Mother – van Doorn A (2016). "On The Gaulish Mother Gaulish
Influence on Breton"
144. M
MAThIR P Mother Mother Old Irish
145. M
MATRI P Sicilian: [1] dative: matri (MATRI) (dat.) Mother Siciliaans
146. M
MAZiD(A) P Surname : Mazid means 'holy'. (Iran) Mazid Arabic
(name)
147. M
MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} meten Spanish
148. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (naam) Dutch
149. M
MENIS P anger, wrath, fury. Initial word of the Iliad Mēnis Greek
150. M
MENRVA – MENRVA and MINERVA are Etruscan & Roman Menrva (god) Etruscan
MINERVA P names for Metis, the deity of wisdom Minerva Latin
151. M
MENSCh P man (person) from MENNISKO ('person') (1100) Man (person) Dutch
152. M
MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Variants: Merit (name) English
MARIT P Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish). verdienste
153. M
MERYL P Meryl Meryl (name) English
154. M
MĒTĪRĪ P derived from *mēti ‘measure’ < pie. *méh1-ti- to measure Latin
155. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena) goddess of (Goddess) Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. First consort of the sky-god Zeus. Wisdom
156. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas (king) Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
157. M
MILAS P Original capital of Caria. Milas (city) Greek
158. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
Etymology unknown, maybe of Etruscan origin. (“soldaat”)
159. M
MILOS P Milos – volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea Milos island Greek
160. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
161. M
MINAR P Old Persian: pillar pillar Old Persian
162. M
MINER P mineworker pitman English
163. M
MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) smaller Latin
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
164. M
MINOS P Minos - Royal Name Minos Linear A
(king) (Cretan)
165. M
MITÉRA - μητέρα (MITÉRA): [1] mother New Greek
166. M
MIThER P mither (MIThER) mother Scots
167. M
MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) of Mithra (god) Avestaans
covenant, light, and oath
168. M
MITRA P Mitra (Deity in the Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
169. M
MÓÐIR P Móðir - MÓÐIR mother IJslands
170. M
MYNES P Mynes (mythology). Mynes, king of the city of Mynes Greek
Lyrnessus which was sacked by Achilles, who
there captured his wife, Briseis. Mynes was son
of King Evenus, son of Selepus.[2]
171. M
MYSON (Sage) Myson of Chenae (6th cent. BC); Myson Greek
172. M
MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
173. M
ΜΈΤRΙΟS P Metrios - moderate, average, mean mean Greek
174. M
ΜΥΗΘΟΣ P Virtue: temperance: mythos (belief in real Myth Greek
history) - word of “unknown origin”
175. M
M
MAINZ P Mainz – Mogontiacum. Main is from Latin Mainz (city) German
M MENUS P Moenis (also MOENUS or MENUS), the name Main (river) German
MOENUS P the Romans used for the river.
176. M
M
MELKS P Substantive: milk, and the verb “to milk” milk Dutch
M MÉLŽTI – (Lithuanian MÉLŽTI; Slovene MLÉSTI < Latvian
MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; all ‘milks’.) Slovenian
177. M
MOIST P moist moist English
178. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis -tyrant Latin
179. N
NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
180. N
NAVIS P B. Nevis is the highest mountain in GB.(1345m) Ben Nevis English
181. N
NIFFER P Nibru was the original name of the city of Nibru (city) Sumerisch
NUFFAR - Nippur. Great complex of ruin mounds known to
NIBRU - the Arabs as Nuffar, written by the earlier
explorers Niffer, divided into two main parts by
the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil (Arakhat)
Source: Nibru
182. N
NÎMES P Nîmes - Nemausus god of the local Volcae tribe. Nîmes French
183. N
NĪRAṂ P Nīraṃ water Sanskrit
184. N
NIRVA P nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from Nirwana Sanskrit
ननस (nis, “out”) + व (vā, “to blow”).
185. N
NUGOR P Nugor- I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense To trifle Latin
186. O
(H)ORMIZD - *Hasura MazdʰaH - Ahura Armenian
- Ahura Mazda (supreme god) Mazda Old-Persian
(H)ormazd
187. O
OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded modern Ocnus (king) Latin
Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
 #
Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
188. O
OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
189. O
ΟΥΥΗΤΙΣ P Oútis (a transliteration of the Ancient Greek nobody Old-Greek
ΟÚΤΙS P pronoun Οὖτις = "nobody" or "no one")[1]
190. P
*P ADIR P Pader (river) - word of unknown origin Pader (river) German
191. P
PĀLĪZ P a kitchen garden, used by Xenophon for an garden, (New)
“enclosed park” of the Persian kings (Paradise) paradise Persian
192. P
PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread Latin
193. P
PERIT P Perit - From Latin perītus. expert Catalan
194. P
PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthen Latin
195. P
PATIR P Patir (father) father Oscan
196. P
PETRI P Petri Peter Basque
Hungarian
197. P
PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} claim Spanish
198. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
199. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
200. P
PhYLAS P Φύλας Phýlas /Phylas- King of the Dryoper Phylas-name Greek
201. P
PÍAST P píast, péist -From Middle Iers péist, from Old beast Irish
PÍEST Iers píast, from Latin bēstia.
202. P
PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Peter Dutch
the “e” indicates a long I vowel)
203. P
PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalan
Norse
204. P
PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish Pilar (name) Spanish
given name
205. P
PINEoS - Pineios ; Greek: Πηνειός Pineios(river) Greek
206. P
PIRAN P Piran - town in southwestern Slovenia Piran (town) Slovenian
207. P
PIRAT P Pirat (pirate) pirate German
208. P
PISAN P pis/“annu “box”20 box Sumerian
209. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) father Sanskrit
210. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piters- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
211. P
PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
212. P
PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
213. P
PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
214. P
PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (fish-) fork English
215. P
PYLOS P Pylos - "Palace of Nestor" in Homer's Iliad. Pylos Greek
216. P
PYLOS P „seven-gated Thebes“ (Thebe Heptapylos) Gate Greek
PYLUS -- Pylus - member of the Aetolian royal family
217. P
PJOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian

20 Sumerian Grammar uploaded by Baskar Saminathnan

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Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
PYOTR
218. P
PYREN(e) P Pyrene (Heuneburg); → Hekataios von Milet Pyrene Greek
219. P
ΠΑΣΙΦάη - Pasiphaë – Queen of Crete, married with Minos, Pasiphaë Greek
king of Crete
220. P
ΦΡΎΝΗ P Φρύνη - Phryne Greek hetaira (courtesan). Phryne, name Greek
221. P
B
P ADIS P Padus (Po) (river), Padus (Po) Latin
BODIS P Bodincus (old Ligurian) Bodincus Ligurian
222. P
F
PISON P Rivers of Paradise: Pis(h)on, (along with Fyson (river) English
FYSON P Hiddekel (Tigris), Phrath (Euphrates) and Gihon) Pis(h)on Mid.-English
223. P
P
POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, city Greek
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
224. P
P
POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
PATIS P husband Litvian
225. P
P
Pools P from Latin polire "to Pools, make smooth; To polish English
P POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘Pools’, Latin
POLIS P unknown etymology. French
226. Q
QUERN P quern (n.) To quern English
227. Q
QUR'AN P Quran – The sacred Book in Islam Quran Arabian
228. R
*RHIJUN P Rhine (E), Rhein (D), Rijn (NL) Rhine (river) Germanic
229. R
RAPID P rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
230. R
RIJVΕN P rijven (to rake) (to write) write Dutch
231. R
RIVAL P rival - from Latin rivalis "a rival" originally, "of rival English
the same brook,"
232. R
RĪVΕN P rīven (mnd. rīven ‘to rub’) To rub Mnd.-Dutch
233. R
RIVΕT P rivet (fastener) rivet English
234. R
RUNGA P Runga – (Rapa Nui /Easter-island) - Creator Creator Rapa Nui
Rangi – For Māori Rangi & Papa are the original
couple for the sky & earth.
235. R
R
RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
236. R
R
RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
237. S
SIBYL P sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. sibyl English
238. S
SIFON P Siphon, sifon, syphon- from Ancient Greek ; sifon Old French
SIPhON P σίφων (síphōn, "pipe, tube for drawing wine from siphon English
SYPhON P a cask,"), of uncertain origin; σίφων Old Greek
239. S
SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) forest Latin
240. S
SIMLA P Simla (city in India) Simla (city) Indian (?)
241. S
SIMON P Simon Simon Dutch
242. S
SĪVAN Sīvan – 3rd month of the Hebrew calendar Sīvan Hebrew
usually in May–June on a Gregorian calendar. May–June
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Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
243. S
SMILA P Smila (Σμίλα), de stad Crusis, Herodotus. Smila (city) Greek
Histories. 7.123.
244. S
SMILA Smile: Scandinavian source (such as Danish smile Swedish
SMILE SMILE "smile," Swedish SMILA "smile, smirk, Danish
SMIÊT simper, fawn"), from Proto-Germanic *smil-, Latvian
extended form of PIE root *smei- "to laugh,
smile"
245. S
SOLYM(us) P Solym(us) (mountain) and Solym(us) (city) Solyma (city) Greek
246. s
SPAIN P Spain Spain English
247. S
SPILE P Spile Houten vork Lets
248. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
249. S
SPION P spy, person who secretly gathers information spy German
250. S
SUIDÆ P Suda -10th-century Byzantijnse encyclopedie Suda (book) Latin
251. S
SUTHI P Suthi, (tomb) tomb Etruscan
252. S
SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch Swine English
swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old Norse, (animal)
Swedish, Danish svin)
253. S
S
SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ Sabinus Dutch
254. S
S
SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), the sun and the letter “S” sun, Gothic
S SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
255. T
TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
256. T
TAMIS P Tamis - drum sieve drum sieve French
257. T
TAPIR P Tapir (animal) Tapir-animal English
258. T
TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) – evergreen tree Yew (tree) English
259. T
TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *Teiws (god) Gothic
(later *Tīus) (later *Tīus)
260. T
TERUG P terug (return, backwards) backwards Dutch
261. T
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – (after METIS) second consort of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
262. T
THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle uncle Latin
derived from: Old Greek θεῖος (theîos).
263. T
ThÍVA(s) - Thebe (in Boeotia) (Greece) Thebe (city) Greek
Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]
264. T
THUIS P thuis (at home) At home Dutch
265. T
ThYBES P Thebes (Egypt) – Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι Thebes Egyptian
266. T
ThYMOS P Courage (θυμός) soul, will , temper, mind courage Greek
267. T
TIBER P Tiber Etymology pre-Latin, origin may be Italic. Tiber (river) Latin
268. T
TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamese
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭. (naam)
269. T
TIFOS P Tifos - "still water" still water Aegean
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Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
270. T
TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. Fear, awe Latin
271. T
TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
272. T
TIVAS P *Tīwaz - Týr or Tiw Germanic god Germanic
273. T
TIWAS P Tiwaz - the Luwian Sun-god. sun (deity) Luwian
274. T
TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr (god) rune
275. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers in Val Medel Val Medel Sursilvan
(nickname)
276. T
TRIBΕ P Tribe tribe English
277. T
TURIA P Turia – river (280 km) in Valencia Turia (river) Spanish
278. T
TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
279. T
ΘΊSΒE P Thisbe Θίσβη ΘΊΣΒΗ – Greek city Thisbe (city) Greek
280. T
T
TAPIS P Tapis, Carpet, rug French
T TAPIS P Byzantine-Greek Byz.-Greek
TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
281. U
ULRIKE - Ulrike (female given name) Ulrike (name) German
282. U
UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), unite Latin
283. U
U
ÛÐIRA P Udder udder Germanic
UIDER P Middle Dutch
UYDER P
284.
UR(t)CIA ...et Deus uocant UR(t)CIA glossed as 'God' by Urtzi Basque
URTIA Picaud (see Urtzi) (Codex Calixtinus)
285. U
U
URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine, sperma Dutch
URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *we- (bron:urine) Latin
r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" English
286. U
U
UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water Dutch
W WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (also see → whisky); (vloeistof) Dutch
UISCE - Old-Irish
287. V
VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) clothes (plr.) Old-Norse
288. V
VALIS P Waal (Netherlands) – largest river Waal (river) Latin
ChALUZ
289. V
VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir (gods) English
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the
ability to see the future. )
290. V
VEINS P veins veins English
291. V
VENUS - Goddess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus (god) Latin
prosperity and victory
292. V
VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin – (the god of revenge) Víðarr (god) Old Norse
293. V
VIRAL P Viral viral English
294. V
VLIES P Vlies (Fleece, membrane) membrane Dutch
295. V
VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
296. V
VRIJEN P (1): “VRIJEN”: to make love (1240). Originally: 1: vrijen Dutch
“to love” (from: friend in Etymology-bank). 2: free people Frankish (?)
(2): “VRIJEN”: the “free people” (FRANKen)
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Pentagram P Information Definitions Language
297. V
W
VIDERE - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), to know, wissen To know Dutch
W VIŽDĄ - (German); Old Church Slavic. viždą, vidiši, viděti to see, German
WETEN ‘zien’ vědě ‘I know’; OCL
WISSEN
298. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, ĪĪlion ) Troje, ĪĪlion Hettitisch
299. W
WATIR P Middle English : watir (plural watiris) Water English
300. W
WHIRL P whirl (twist, verb) (To) whirl English
301. W
WIJSEL P Wijsel, Wissel, Wisła Wijsel, Wissel German
VISLA P (ancient sources spell the name ISTULA) Wisła (river) Pools
302. W
WIJZEN P To point, to teach (onderwijzer = teacher) To teach Dutch
303. W
WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) of Europese BIZON Bison Germanic
304. W
WIZARD - wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
305. W
WIZZŌD - Wizzōd‚ law; Testament, Sacrament law Gothic
306. W
WIÞRĄ P Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (WIÞRĄ, “against”) against Proto-
Germanic
307. W
WRANG P wrang (sourish) wrang Dutch
308. W
WRONG P wrong verkeerd English
309. W
W
*WRAITh P Old English wrað "angry" – very angry. wrath English
*WREIT- P (literally "tormented, twisted") wroth
310. W
W
WRITE P To write To write English
WRITA P Old Frisian
311. Y
YSULA P Yssel, Ijssel (Netherlands & Germany) Yssel (river) Latin
ISULA IJssel
312. Z
DŹWINA P Düna ; Pools Dźwina Düna (river) Polish
313. Z
ZEMLJA - Zemlja (earth) earth Slavic
314. Z
ZUNGE P Zunge; from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from tongue German
*TUNGǬ - Proto-Germanic *tungǭ; from Proto-Indo- Prt-Germanic
LINGUA - European *dnnǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Latin lingua Latin
TONGUE - English
Dictionary (~314) of perfect pentagrams