RUNNING HEAD: WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Water Lily (Nymphaea lotus) as an Alternative Rust Remover

Bueno, Roniella Mira V.

Carduce, Mary Joyce C.

Coronado, Franchezka Paulene D.

Plaridel Integrated National High School

January, 2021
WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Dedication

The researchers express their deepest dedication to the Lord God

Almighty for sending His Spirit for guidance; to lead their way to success and

strength; to stay and think positive to make everything possible. To their

family in general, who have supported them throughout the whole process

especially in financial and moral aspects. They are also thankful to many

persons on their lives who shared their memories with and supported them to

expand their own study, which happened at their school Plaridel Integrated

National High School. The study won't be successful without the people who

helped them and supported them until the end.

“In everything give thanks”

- 1 Thessalonians 5:18

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Acknowledgement

The researchers want to express her deepest gratitude to the following people who made

this possible:

The ultimate savior, OUR ALMIGHTY GOD, for the strength and wisdom has given

the researchers throughout this journey, the guidance and enlightenment that He bestowed upon

them is amazing.

Their school, Plaridel Integrated National High School, for pushing the students and

everyone in the institution to do their best and providing quality education for all.

MR. ROMEO SULIGUIN, for the opportunity to experience and enjoy learning in this

institution.

MS. PATRICIA ARBAN, the researcher is greatful to meetsuch wonderful and

approachable like her; a very accommodating to everyone whenever there are queries or

confusions related in the Research, also she is always ther to guide and help each of her advisee.

She is a great part of this success.

To their past research teachers, MR. NORMAN MONTEAGUDO AND MRS. RAISA

VOLPANE, without them this study is impossible

Their CLASSMATES and now their extended family in school,who always help each

other when there is queries

To the FAMILY in general, for their love, guidance and support

-THE RESEARCHERS

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Table of Contents

Title Page 1
Dedication 2

Acknowledgement 3
Table of Contents 4
Abstract 5
Introduction 6
Background of the Study 7
Statement of the Problem 10
Hypothesis 10
Significance of the Study 11
Scope and Limitations of the Study 11
Definition of Terms 12
Materials and Methods 13
Research Design 13
Population and Sampling 13
Research Procedure 14
Research Instrument(include the matrix) 14
Risks and Safety 15
Statistical Treatment 15
Results and Discussions 16
Conclusions and Recommendations 18
Conclusions 18
Recommendations 18
References 19
Appendices 21
Curriculum Vitae 23

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Abstract

Nymphaea Lotus is entitled as the most destructive and damaging aquatic plant in the

whole world because of its capability of reproducing at an extraordinary rate. In the Philippines,

Water Lily has severely infested the parts of the water due to its rapid growth that may suffocate

and may overflow the bodies of water where the plant is located. In terms of the excessive

growth of the Rust is also known as Iron Oxide which is caused by the reaction of water and

oxygen in steels and irons. The process is called oxidizing. Rust may weaken iron due to

corrosion which breaks and makes a rusting metal brittle and some parts of it will become

pulverized. There are number of studies that removing rusts in irons and steels will be more

effective by using organic plants in the community. Therefore, Water Lily extract that contains

oxalic acid will be used in removing rusts in some types of metals. The researchers will conduct

this study naturally and effectively to know the efficacy of Nymphaea Lotus in removing rusts.

Secondarily, this study aims to evaluate Water Lily bulb as a possible material for rust remover.

Lastly, to test if the extract of Nymphaea Lotus will have potential to remove rusts in metals.

The method used in this study was experimentation. The researcher test the waterlly rust remover

in terms of longevity and surfacearea and comparing it to commercial rust remover.

The findings of the study revealed that the product is effective as an alternative rust remover with

the t-test mean of 8.45.

147 words

Keywords: Waterlily, Rust, Rust Remover

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Water Lily (Nymphceaea Lotus) As Alternative Rust Remover

The Nymphaea Lotus, or commonly known as Water Lily can be defined as an aquatic plant

which grows in water with a round, floating leaves and large flowers. Water Lilies can be found

in rivers, lakes and ponds. The Water Lily has a total of 35 species that are located in tropical

regions of the world according to the encyclopedia.

Nymphaea Lotus is entitled as the most destructive and damaging aquatic plant in the whole

world because of its capability of reproducing at an extraordinary rate. In the Philippines, Water

Lily has severely infested the parts of the water due to its rapid growth that may suffocate and

may overflow the bodies of water where the plant is located. Water lilies are capable to grow up

to two meters wide which can lessen the light and oxygen heading to the water. In Laguna de

Bay, Water Lilies cover the lake for about 20% of the surface. In terms of the excessive growth

of the Nymphaea Lotus, it also causes problems in marine transportation, in fishing, and in

irrigation. Water Lilies blocked the waterways and it will result to heavy flooding. In addition,

the water lily also serves as a breeding area of mosquitos due to the lack of its oxygen which

makes the breeding easier.. The seemingly harmless water lily has become the biodiversity’s

number one public enemy. But aside from being an enemy in the bodies of water, Nymphaea

Lotus has a significant amount of chemical nutrient. Itcalled oxalate or oxalic acid that has

8.76% in the bulb part which is capable in making rust remover. (Gauche, 2012)

Dictionaries addressed that rust is known as a reddish-brown flaky coat which is commonly

found in irons and steels. Technically, rust is also known as Iron Oxide which is caused by the

reaction of water and oxygen in steels and irons. The process is called oxidizing. Rust may

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

weaken iron due to corrosion which breaks and makes a rusting metal brittle and some parts of it

will become pulverized. ( Lintoln. 2014)

In observation, rust easily occurs in the surface of irons and steels because water and oxygen

are present everywhere and it can change the metal into a different material or much weaker than

the original metal. Rust can also be dangerous to everyone. For example, a particular rusting iron

nail was pierced onto the human skin, rust is a bacteria that is very dangerous to human health

and it may cause tetanus. Some of books stated that tetanus is a bacterial disease caused by a

bacterium called Clostridium tetani that can cause infections and may affect the nervous system

of a human body. It can only be treated with a vaccine that is worth ₱5,000 - ₱30,000 each shot

depends on the case but it can be prevented with an anti-tetanus vaccine that costs ₱300 - ₱2,000.

Removing rusts can cause a lot of money. Therefore, we must take precaution and action about

rusting of metals. (Anade.2014)

There are number of studies that removing rusts in irons and steels will be more effective by

using organic plants in the community. Therefore, Water Lily extract that contains oxalic acid

will be used in removing rusts in some types of metals. The researchers will conduct this study

naturally and effectively to know the efficacy of Nymphaea Lotus in removing rusts.

Secondarily, this study aims to evaluate Water Lily bulb as a possible material for rust remover.

Lastly, to test if the extract of Nymphaea Lotus will have potential to remove rusts in metals.

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Background of the Study

This study is about making a product that can help the community. The variable in this

study is water lily which is very common. The researchers conducted this study and cited

literatures that are connected to their study.

The Nymphaeaceae also called water lilies have a broad range of flower colors and are

living on the banks of lakes and rivers, distributed in tropical areas around the world ( Zha, et al.,

2011). A number of species of Nymphaea in Nepal, India, and China are thought to act as

functional drug plant (Lee et al,.2012). Nymphaea lotus extract was reported to have bioactive

compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides,

and phenolics where methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and E. coli

were highly susceptible to N. lotus. (Akinjogunla et al., 2010) .

Water lily, wherein it becomes dangerous because excess growth will cover the surface,

causing reduce in light penetration into the body of water. These obstacles will destroy fish and

other plants that are in the same environment. The thick growth of water lilies often interferes

with the exchange of oxygen and can lead to flooding. (Argenham, L. , 2017). Furthermore, any

damaged leaves of water lilies if not removed immediately will attract two of the major insect

related problems of water lilies which are Black aphids (Aphis fabae) and Aphids (Aphidoidea)

that are often infected by bacteria, viruses, and fungi that would also be a nuisance to the

environment (Fitzgren, J.L., 2014)

Aside from being an enemy in the bodies of water, as stated by Xianghong, J. (2015)

Nymphaea Lotus has a significant amount of chemical nutrient called oxalate or oxalic acid that

has 8.76% in the bulb part which is capable to remove rust.

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Rust is known as a reddish-brown flaky coat which is commonly found in irons and steels.

Technically, rust is also known as Iron Oxide and it is caused by the reaction of water and

oxygen in steels and irons that is known as oxidation as claimed by Wengfei L. (2016). The

surface areas of metals can rust easily if exposed to water and oxygen and if that happens, this

may result into corroded and a weaker metal. Any metal that contains iron, including steel, will

bond with the oxygen atoms found in water to form a layer of iron oxide, or rust.  Rust comes in

different forms, the most common of which is the red rust which is formed by red oxides.

Chlorine in water causes the formation of green rust. Like most corrosive processes, rusting is a

gradual process. After some time, if the material is not treated, it will disintegrate, and

everything will turn to rust making it unusable (Heavy Industries Corporation, 2019).

Iron is also an example of metals that rusting occurs. Iron is a brittle, hard substance. The

most abundant of all metals, its pure form rapidly corrodes from exposure to moist air and high

temperatures. Iron metal is widely alloyed with other metals and carbon for a multiple

commercial uses. (Georden, F., 2017)

According to Buned, L. S. (2015), Rust can also be dangerous to everyone because a

rusting iron nail may cause tetanus when it is pierce on to human skin. Removing rusts can cause

a lot of money. Therefore, we must take precaution and action about rusting of metals.

Hanelea, G. (2013), stated that rust remover should contain strong acids and strong

alkalis to remove rust quickly, however these caustic chemicals pose many health and safety

risks and require that the user observe strict safety precautions. Strong acids will dissolve rust,

but they will also dissolve paint, finishes, and sometimes even the metal itself. Hydrochloric

acid (which is also called muriatic acid in its diluted form), as well as phosphoric acid, oxalic

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

acid and sulfuric acid may be used in rust removal formulas using strong acids. These are

mineral acids, and they are highly corrosive, especially in concentrated forms. Strong alkalis

work in a similar way, but on the opposite end of the pH spectrum.

The above related literatures collected by the researchers are based on internet and articles.

The stated articles and citations are suited for the study. It helps the researchers to come up with

ideas to make their study more reliable.

Statement of the Problem

The objective of this study is to test the efficacy of water lily as rust remover and the

differences of it in the commercial rust remover in terms of:

 Longevity (how long it will take before the rust remover expire)

 Surface Area (How much rust is removed?)

Hypothesis

Ho. Water Lily can be effective as Alternative Rust Remover and the differences of it in

commercial rust remover in terms of:

 Longevity

 Surface Area

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

H1. Water Lily cannot be an effective as Alternative Rust Remover and the differences of it in

commercial rust remover in terms of:

 Longevity (how long it will take before the rust remover expire)

 Surface Area (how much rust is removed)

Significance of the Study

The study will greatly benefit those people who have trouble in removing rust. This will also

contribute to the knowledge of other researchers. The study will also lessen the problem in over-

growth of water lilies. Furthermore, this study will have a great impact in industry of rust

removers.

Scope and Limitation

The focus of this study is to know the effectiveness and acceptability of the water lily as

alternative rust remover and its differences in commercial rust remover in terms of time, surface

area and kind of metal . Iron metal will be used in this study. This study involved, teachers and

students at Nagcarlan, Laguna in the year 2020-2021.

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Definition of Terms

These are the terms that are used in this study.

Water Lily

- define as an aquatic plant which grows in water with a round, floating leaves and large flowers.

In this this study water lily is used as the independent variable and the main ingredients in

making the rust remover.

Rust

- a reddish- or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron or steel by

oxidation, especially in the presence of moisture.

In this study rust is the problem in the study and it used to determine if the waterlily rust

remover is effective.

Iron

- Iron is a brittle, hard substance. The most abundant of all metals, its pure form rapidly corrodes

from exposure to moist air and high temperatures.

In this study the iron was used in the experimentation to observe the effectiveness of the

water lily.

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study is a type of experimental research. Experimental research is a scientific

approach to research where one or more independent variables are manipulated and applied to

one or more dependent variables to measure their effect on the latter. The effect of the

independent variables on the dependent variables is usually observed and recorded over some

time, to aid researchers in drawing a reasonable conclusion regarding the relationship between

these 2 variable types (Wang, 2020). The researchers conducted three treatments and each

treatments was replicated two times.

The researchers chose the best treatment that will be tested to determine the effectiveness and

acceptability of the rust remover.

Population and Sampling

For this study, there are no respondents used. The researchers were the one that

experimented to prove the acceptability and efficacy of the water lily as rust remover. The

researchers sprayed the rust remover to a rusted metal.The researcher test the longevity by

measuring how long the product to work. For the surface area the researcher measures how much

rust the rust remover removes on the surface with specific time.

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Research Procedure

Prepare all the materials and ingredients needed. Remove the bulb of the waterlily from

its body since this is the only part needed in making a rust remover. Put the bulb into the mortar

and pestle and pound the bulb until the texture looked watery and pulverized. Place the pounded

water lily bulbs into a thin clean piece of cheese cloth and then squeeze the cloth until the

extract come out. Then add the water and the lemon extract and mix well. Then put in clean

plastic containers.

Research Instrument

The study used experimentation. Experimentation is the act or process of trying out new

ideas, osr practices.( Freltles ,2014). The experimentation is used to test the acceptability and

effectiveness of water lily as rust remover and its difference in commercial rust remover. Three

treatments were used in this study. In the first treatment,the researcher used 10 ml of waterlily

rust remover and the commercial rust remover. For the second treatment research used 15ml for

each replication and for the third treatment researcher used 20ml of waterlily rust remover and

the commercial rust remover.

Table 1: Research Matrix

Treatment Waterlily Rust Remover Commercial Rust Remover

1 10 ml 10ml

2 15ml 15 ml

3 20ml 20ml

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Risk and Safety

Besides of being a health and an environmental threat, the water lilies could cause a fatal

reaction or death to humans. Other lilies will make your mouth, throat, tongue and lips go numb

if eaten. The specific lily toxin substance is unknown, but the effects are well documented

(Muelen A. 2016) Rust can also be dangerous to everyone because a rusting iron nail may cause

tetanus when it is pierce on to human skin. Removing rusts can cause a lot of money. Therefore,

we must take precaution and action about rusting of metals. (Buned, L. S., 2015)

On the other hand, Nymphaea Lotus is safe to use as an organic and alternative ingredient in

making rust remover.

Statistical treatment

In computing the results from the collected data gathered from experimentation and

observation, the researchers used Independent T –Test method to analyze the study. The

independent t-test, also called the two sample t-test, independent-samples t-test or student's t-test,

is an inferential statistical test that determines whether there is a statistically significant

difference between the means in two unrelated groups. (Linkins K. L.,2017)

The researcher used the Microsoft Excel Software to analyze rthe data with ease.

Microsoft Excel is a helpful and powerful program for data analysis and documentation. It is a

spreadsheet program, which contains a number of columns and rows, where each intersection of

a column and a row is a “cell.” Each cell contains one point of data or one piece of information.

(Michele, 2015).

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

T- Test Formula

In this formula, t is the t-value, x₁ and x₂ are the means of the two groups being compared, s₁

and s₂ are the standard error of the two groups, and n₁ and n₂ are the numbers of observations in

each of the groups.

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Results and Discussion

An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare waterlily rust remover and the

commercial rust remover in terms of longevity and surface area.

Table 2: Longevity
Significanc
N Mean Variance e T Stats
Difference
Longevity            
Waterlily
Rust 3 7 10.67
Remover
2.89 0.77
Commercia
l Rust 3 5 6
Remover

Table 2 shows that there was a no significant difference in the scores for waterlily rust remover
(M=7 , V= 10.67 )and commercial rust remover (M=5, V= 6 ) conditions; t(3)=0.77, p = 2.132.
These results suggest that waterlily rust removr and commercial rust remover have no
significance difference in terms of longevity and commercial rust remover is much faster to
remove rust remover than the waterlily rust remover.
 

Table 3: Surface Area

Significanc
N Mean Variance e T Stats
Difference
Surface Area            
Waterlily
Rust
Remover 3 6.33 6.27
2.48 16.13
Commercia
l Rust
Remover 3 5 6

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Table 3 hows that there was a significant difference in the scores for waterlily rust remover
(M=6.3 , V= 6.27)and commercial rust remover (M=5, V=6 ) conditions; t(3)=16.13, p = 2.132.
These results shows that waterlily rust removr and commercial rust remover have significance
difference in terms of surface area and waterlily rust remover have larger capacity in surface in
removing rust compare to commercial rust remover.

 
Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions

1. The waterlily rust remover is effective and acceptable in removing rust.

2. The waterlily rust remover takes time before it can be effective in removing rust

comparing to commercial rust remover

3. The waterlily rust remover have the larger capacity in surface area in removing rust

compare to commercial rust remover.

Recommmendation

1. For the next study, researchers recommend to enhance the formula for making the

waterlily rust remover.

2. The researcher should have a complete and scientific tools in making the rust

remover.

3.Make the product non -perishable and last for years.

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

References

Corrosion is Destructive] (2012) retrieved from http://sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-

science/corrosion

[Facts on Water Lilies] (2018) https://homeguides.sfgate.com/water-lilies-48316.html

Gray, A. (2003) Two very unusual macrocyclic flavonoids from the water lily Nymphaea

lotus retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/

abs/pii/S0031942203002383

Kayashima, T. (2002) Oxalic acid is available as a natural antioxidant in some systems retrieved

from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304416502003380

[Nymphaea Lotus is a plant] (2019) retrieved from https://tropica.com/en/plants/plantdetails/

Nymphaealotus(019)/4432

[Oxalic Acid is an acid] (2018) retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/oxalic-acid

Philippines University Los Baños, College Laguna College of Engineering and Agro-

Industrial Technology (2008) retrieved from http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/

search.do?recordID=PH2010000659

[Rust] (2015) retrieved from https://www.ncheurope.com/en/what-is-rust

[Rust Remover] (2018) retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/potential-of-

vinegar-as-rust-stain-remover-biology-essay.php

Samuel, A. et, al. (2017) Chemical Composition of Water Lily (Nymphaea lotus) Bulbs

American Journal of Food, Science and Nutrition retrieved from https://pdfs.

semanticscholar.org/794a/8a7abccda7a715561d16ab1322aee1e09dfa.pdf

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Téllez TR, Lopez E, Granado G, Pérez E, Lopez R, Guzman J. (2008) The water hyacinth ,

Eichhornia crassipes: An invasive plant in Guadiana River Basin

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207135

Thioruea Dioxide (2018) retrieved from https://www.researchgate .net/publication/325823125

[Water Lily](2012) retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/plant/water-lily

[Water lily good as charcoal briquette] (2004) retrieved from https:// www.philstar.com/

business/agriculture/2004/01/11/234740/water-lily-good-charcoal-briquette

[Anova Single Facto] statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way-anova-statistical-guide.php

[ T-test] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/t-test.asp

[Microsoft excel] https://itconnect.uw.edu/learn/workshops/online-tutorials/microsoft-office-

2010/microsoft-excel-2010/

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Appendices

Documentations:

Making the Waterlily Rust Remover

Experimentation

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Actual Computation in Getting Results

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Curriculum Vitae

CORONADO, FRANCHEZKA PAULENE D.

Brgy. Oples, Nagcarlan, Laguna

Coronadofranchezkapaulene@gmail.com

09491707570

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age : 15

Gender : Female

Birthdate : October 8, 2005

Height : 160m

Weight : 42kg

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Civil Status : Single

Mother’s Name : Hazelyn D. Coronado

Father’s Name : Paul Mark P. Coronado

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary

Plaridel Integrated National High School 2020-2021

Elementary

Crisanto Guysayko Memorial Elementary School 2016-2017

ACHIEVEMENTS

 consistent with honor student (high school)

 BEST In Filipino (Grade 8)

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Curriculum Vitae

BUENO, RONIELLA MIRA V.

Brgy. Silangang Ilaya, Nagcarlan , Laguna

Roniella.bueno@gmail.com

09998139132

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age : 15

Gender : Female

Birthdate : June 18, 2005

Height : 152cm

Weight : 40kg

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Civil Status : Single

Mother’s Name : Mercedes V. Bueno

Father’s Name : Ronilo P. Bueno

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary

Plaridel Integrated National High School 2020-2021

Elementary

Crisanto Guysayko Memorial Elementary School 2016-2017

ACHIEVEMENTS

 consistent with honors (high school)

 Best in English( Grade 8)

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WATERLILY AS ALTERNATIVE RUST REMOVER

Curriculum Vitae

CARDUCE, MARY JOYCE C.

Brgy. San Francisco, Nagcarlan, Laguna

carducemaryjoyce@gmail.com

09500942375

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age : 16

Gender : Female

Birthdate : July 6, 2004

Height : 174cm

Weight : 50 kg

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholi

Civil Status : Single

Mother’s Name : Marites C. Carduce

Father’s Name : Jose D. Carduce

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary

Plaridel Integrated National High School 2020-2021

Elementary

San Francisco Elementary School 2016-2017

ACHIEVEMENTS

 consistent honor student (elementary)

 consistent with honor student (high school)

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