Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Artificial Intelligent
NLP

Prof (Dr.) Shailendra Narayan Singh

Department of Computer Science & Engineering
ASET, Amity University, Noida
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Topic Cover
• Natural language processing
• Vision and speech processing
• Robotics
• Expert systems.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

• Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI).
• It helps machines process and understand the human language so that they can
automatically perform repetitive tasks.
• Examples include machine translation, summarization, ticket classification, and
spell check.
• Take sentiment analysis, for example, which uses natural language processing
to detect emotions in text.
• This classification task is one of the most popular tasks of NLP, often used by
businesses to automatically detect brand sentiment on social media.
• Analysing these interactions can help brands detect urgent customer issues that
they need to respond to right away, or monitor overall customer satisfaction.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

NLP plays a big partLanguage Processing in Machine

learning techniques:
• Level 1 – Speech sound (Phonetics & Phonology)
automating the construction and adaptation of machine dictionaries
• Level 2 – Words
modeling human&agents'
their forms
desires(Morphology,
and beliefs Lexicon)
• Level 3 – Structure
essential componentof of
sentences
NLP (Syntax, Parsing)
• Level 4 –toMeaning
closer AI of sentences (Semantics)
• Level 5 – focus
We will Meaning in context
on two & for
main types of aNLP:
purpose (Pragmatics)
• Level 6 – ConnectedDialogue
Human-Computer sentenceSystems
processing in a larger body of text
(Discourse)
Machine Translation
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

NLP for Machine

• NLP plays a big part in Machine learning techniques:
o automating the construction and adaptation of machine dictionaries
o modeling human agents' desires and beliefs
 essential component of NLP
 closer to AI
• We will focus on two main types of NLP:
o Human-Computer Dialogue Systems
o Machine Translation
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Why Is Natural Language Processing Important?

• One of the main reasons natural language processing is so
critical to businesses is that it can be used to analyse large
volumes of text data, like social media comments, customer
support tickets, online reviews, news reports, and more.
• All this business data contains a wealth of valuable insights,
and NLP can quickly help businesses discover what those
insights are.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Why Is Natural Language(Cont..)

• It does this by helping machines make sense of human language
in a faster, more accurate, and more consistent way than human
agents.
• NLP tools process data in real time, 24/7, and apply the same
criteria to all your data, so you can ensure the results you receive
are accurate – and not riddled with inconsistencies.
• Once NLP tools can understand what a piece of text is about, and
even measure things like sentiment, businesses can start to
prioritize and organize their data in a way that suits their needs.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Future of NLP
• Human level or human readable natural language processing is an AI-complete problem .
• It is equivalent to solving the central artificial intelligence problem and making computers
as intelligent as people
• Make computers as they can solve problems like humans and think like humans as well as
perform activities that humans cant perform and making it more efficient than humans
• NLP's future is closely linked to the growth of Artificial intelligence
• As natural language understanding or readability improves, computers or machines or
devices will be able to learn from the information online and apply what they learned in the
real world
• Combined with natural language generation, computers will become more and more
capable of receiving and giving useful and resourceful information or data
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

NLP Applications
Applications
• Machine Translation
• Information Retrieval
• Question Answering
• Dialogue Systems
• Information Extraction
• Summarization
• Sentiment Analysis

9
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Computer Vision Scope

• Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence
that trains computers to interpret and understand the
visual world. Machines can accurately identify and
locate objects then react to what they “see” using
digital images from cameras, videos, and deep
learning models.
• If AI enables computers to think, computer vision
enables them to see, observe and understand.
• Computer vision works much the same as human
vision, except humans have a head start. Human sight
has the advantage of lifetimes of context to train how
to tell objects apart, how far away they are, whether
they are moving and whether there is something.
• Computer vision needs lots of data. It runs analyses of
data over and over until it discerns distinctions and
ultimately recognize images.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Computer Vision (Cont..)

Applications of computer vision
• Automatic inspection (image-based automated
inspection), e.g., in manufacturing applications
• Assisting humans in identification tasks (to identify
object/species using their properties), e.g., a species
identification system
• Controlling processes (in a way of monitoring robots),
e.g., an industrial robot
• Detecting events, e.g., for visual surveillance or people
counting
• Modeling objects or environments (using drones can
analyses about climatic factors that leads to change in
vegetation, etc.), e.g., medical image analysis or
topographical modelling
• Navigation, e.g., by an autonomous vehicle or mobile
robot
• Organizing information, e.g., for indexing databases of
images and image sequences
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Computer Vision
Image processing to computer vision progression
can be broken up into low-, mid- and high-level
processes

Low Level Mid Level High Level

Process Process Process
Input: Image Input: Image
Output: Input:
Output: Attributes
Image Attributes Output:
Examples: Examples: Understanding
Noise removal, Object
image Examples:
recognition, Scene
sharpening segmentation understanding
, autonomous
Image Processing To Computer
navigation Vision
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Speech Processing
• Speech recognition refers to a computer
interpreting the words spoken by a person
and converting them to a format that is
understandable by a machine. Depending on
the end-goal, it is then converted to text or
voice or another required format.
• For instance, Apple’s Siri and Google’s
Alexa use AI-powered speech recognition to
provide voice or text support whereas voice-
to-text applications like Google Dictate
transcribe your dictated words to text. Voice
recognition is another form of speech
recognition where a source sound is
recognized and matched to a person’s voice.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Use Cases of Speech Recognition 
• Voice-based speech recognition software is now used to initiate purchases, send emails, transcribe
meetings, doctor appointments, and court proceedings, etc. 
• Virtual assistants or digital assistants and smart home devices use voice recognition software to answer
questions, provide weather news, play music, check traffic, place an order, and so on. 
• Companies like Venmo and PayPal allow customers to make transactions using voice assistants. Several
banks in North America and Canada also provide online banking using voice-based software.
• Ecommerce is significantly powered by voice-based assistants and allows users to make purchases
quickly and seamlessly.
• Speech recognition is poised to impact transportation services and streamline scheduling, routing, and
navigating across cities.
• There has been a huge impact on security through voice biometry where the technology analyses the
varying frequencies, tone and pitch of an individual’s voice to create a voice profile. An example of this
is Switzerland’s telecom company Swisscom which has enabled voice authentication technology in its
call centres to prevent security breaches.
• Customer care services are being traced by AI-based voice assistants, and chatbots to automate
repeatable tasks. 
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

What is Robotics
• Robotics is a branch of AI, which is
composed of Electrical Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering, and Computer
Science for designing, construction, and
application of robots.
• Robots are the artificial agents acting in
real world environment
• Robots are aimed at manipulating the
objects by perceiving, picking, moving,
modifying the physical properties of
object, destroying it, or to have an effect
thereby freeing manpower from doing
repetitive functions without getting bored,
distracted, or exhausted.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Aspects of Robotics
• The robots have mechanical
construction, form, or shape
designed to accomplish a
particular task.
• They have electrical
components which power and
control the machinery.
• They contain some level
of computer program that
determines what, when and how a
robot does something.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

What is an Expert System?

• A system that uses human
expertise to make complicated
decisions.
• Simulates reasoning by
applying knowledge and
interfaces.
• Uses expert’s knowledge as
rules and data within the
system.
• Models the problem solving
ability of a human expert.
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Expert System(Cont..)
• An expert system is a system that
employs human knowledge
captured in a computer to solve
problems that ordinarily require
human expertise.(Turban)
• A computer program that emulates
the behaviour of human experts
who are solving real-world
problems associated with a
particular domain of knowledge.
(Pigford & Braur)
 Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Expert System(Cont..)

19