2.

0 INTEGRATION

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(3 Hrs L+4 Hrs T)

CLO
TOPIC 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES
HOUR DOMAIN
2.1 At the end of this topic, students should be able to :
Integration
of a) Relate integration and differentiation. 1 CLO 1
Functions C1
(5 hours)
b) Use the basic rules of integration. 1 CLO 3
C3

1 0.5 CLO 3
c) Determine the integral integration of e x , eax +b , and
x C3
1
.
ax + b
d) Determine the integral of the form: 0.5 CLO 3
f '( x) C3
i.  f ( x ) dx
 f ' ( x ) e dx
f ( x)
ii.

 f ' ( x )  f ( x )
n
iii. dx

2.2 At the end of this topic, students should be able to : CLO 1

Techniques a) Find the integral by substitution: 2 C2
of
Integration
 f ( g ( x ) )g ' ( x ) dx =  f ( u ) du where u = g ( x ) .
(1 hour)

2.3 Definite At the end of this topic, students should be able to : CLO 3
Integrals a) Use the properties of definite integrals. 1 C3
(1 hour)

1
 2.1 INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONS

2.1 Integration of Functions

The process of finding antiderivatives is called antidifferentiation or integration.

d
F ( x) + c = f ( x)  f ( x) dx = F ( x) + c
dx

The symbol  is called an integral sign. The constant c is called the constant of integration.

Example 1: d ( x 2e x )
Show that = xe x ( x + 2 ) . Hence, find
dx
1
 xe ( x + 2 ) dx  2 xe ( x + 2 ) dx  4 xe ( x + 2) dx
x x x
a) b) c)

2
PATTERN 1: BASIC PATTERN

The basic rules of integration are

Rules Example

CAUTION !!!

a)
b)

c)

Example 2 : Find
a) b)
.

3
 d)
c)

e)
f)

PATTERN 2:

The integration of .

  f ( x )  n
dx
f(x)=linear: f(x)=non-linear:

expand
(ax + b) n + 1
 + = +c
n
( ax b ) dx
a(n + 1)
; n  -1

Rules Example

4
Example 3 : Find
b) ∫(7 − 2𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥
a)

 (x )
2
c)
2
+ 5 dx
d)

e) f) ò 5x - 3dx

PATTERN 3:

The integration of .

1
 xdx = ln x + C
3
STILL REMEMBER???
d
dx
(3ln x + c) =
3
x
 xdx = 3ln x + c
d 2x e2 x
(e + c) = 2e 2 x  e dx = +c
2x

dx 2

Example 4: Find

2 1
a)  x dx b)  3x dx

5
 1
The integration of .
ax + b

Example 5: Find
5 3
a)  dx b)  3x −1 dx
2x + 3

Example 6 : Find

a) b)

d)
c) .

6
PATTERN 4:

The integration of Exponential functions.

Example 7: Find

a) b)

The integration of Exponential functions.

Example 8: Find
a)  e 2 x dx b)  e1−5x dx

Example 9 : Find

a) b) c)
a) c)

7
 b)

PATTERN 5:

Integration of Special Functions

Example 10 : Find
2 6x
a)  dx b)  3x dx
2x + 3 2
+2

Example 10 : Find

c) d)

8
 PATTERN 6:

Example 11 : Find

a) b)

c) d)

PATTERN 7:

Example 12 : Find
 3x ( x + 6) dx  2x ( x + 3) dx
2 3 4 2 6
a) b)

9
  5 ( 3 − 10x )  ( 2x + 1) ( 4x + 4 x − 5) dx
7 2 5
c) dx d)

WEEK 2

2.2 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

Integration by substitution
By a suitable substitution, the expression g ( x ) in the  f  g ( x ) dx is changed into another variable u so
that the integrand f ( x ) is changed into f ( u ) which is easily integrable.

The general steps of integration by substitution

Step 1: Choose u. let u=g(x)
Step 2: Substitute u = g ( x) , du = g ' ( x)dx to obtain the integral ò f (u)du .
Step 3: Integrate with respect to u.
Step 4: Replace u by g(x) in the result.

Example 13: Find

a) b)

10
c) d)

e) f)

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 2.3 DEFINITE INTEGRALS

1. The properties of definite integral

Properties Example

i. , where c is any constant.

ii.

iii. , where c is any constant.

iv.

v.

vi.

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Example 14: Evaluate each of the following definite integrals

a) b)

c) d)

13
e) f)

5 9
Example 15:
If  f ( x ) dx = 8 and  f ( x ) dx = 6 , find
1 5

a) b)

14
c).

6 6
Example 16:
Given that  f ( x ) dx = 7 and  2 f ( x ) − kx  dx = 10 , find the value of k .
2 2

15
 5
Example 17:
Given that  g ( x ) dx = 8 find
1
1
a) the value of  g ( x ) dx .
5
5
b) the value of k if  kx − g ( x ) dx = 10 .
1

16
 m m
Example 18:
Given that  f ( x ) dx = 6 and   f ( x ) + 2 dx = 14 , find the value of m .
5 5

2
Example 19: d  2x 
Given   = g ( x ) , find
dx  3 − x   g ( x ) dx .
1

17
Example 20:
 (6x + 1) dx = px 3 + x + c , where p and c are constants, find
2
Given that
a) the value of p
 (6x + 1) dx = 13 when x = 1 .
2
b) the value of c if

18
 a
Example 21:
Find  ( x + 1) dx
4
in terms of a .

WEEK 3
LECTURE DRILL
1. Integrate the following :
7
 1  2 1  2 2
(a)   t − t +  dt. Ans = t 2 + 3 + c
 t2  t 7
3t 2

 (x )( )
3 3 2
2
− 3 x3 − 9 x − 6 dx. Ans = 106
−1
3
(b)

5 5 8 8
2. Given that  f ( x )dx = 8,  f ( x )dx = 5 and  f ( x )dx = 15. Show that  f ( x ) dx = 12.
1 4 1 4

x
3. By using an appropriate substitution, find  1+ x
dx .

3 1
2
Ans: (1 + x ) 2 − 2 (1 + x ) 2 + c
3
3 x4 7
4. Given f / ( x ) = 6 − − x3 and f (1) = 7. Determine f ( x ) . Ans : f ( x ) = 6 x + 3x − −
x2 4 4

END OF CHAPTER 2
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