Pollutants are substances which are harmfull to the environment. 2. Main Idea of Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and poisonous gas. 3. Main Idea of Sulphur dioxide Sulphur dioxide irritates the eyes and causes breathing difficulties. 4. Main Idea of Nitrogen Oxides Nitrogen oxide occurs naturally in lightning and forest fires. 5. Main Idea of Methane Methane, CH4, is a colorless and odorless gas. Small amounts of methane are harmless to people but help trap heat from the Sun. Retelling 1. Air Pollution Pollutants are substances that can damage the environment, they can cause harm to humans, animals, vegetation, buildings and machines. As a result of human activity, the air around us contains thousands of pollutants. There are many types of pollutants one of which is smoke, which can be seen and smelled but most are invisible. Some of the pollutants are important substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and methane. unfortunately most people just realize that many important pollutants are caused by newspaper stories or television programs. 2. Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide is a dangerous substance that comes from forest fire smoke, but most of it comes from incomplete combustion of vehicle engine fuel. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas and can be lethal in small quantities. Carbon monoxide can cause breathing difficulties, headaches and heart damage. 3. Sulphur dioxide Sulphur dioxide is a dangerous substance because it can irritate the eyes and cause difficulty breathing, which comes from the coal and petroleum used to generate electricity and provide energy. Both of these materials contain sulphur as an impurity although they contain more coal. 70% of the sulphur dioxide content in the world's atmosphere is estimated to be caused by electricity generation 4. Nitrogen Oxides Nitrogen oxide is a serious pollutant produced naturally from lightning and forest fires, but is mostly produced by car engines, power plants and industry. Nitrogen oxide is a dangerous substance because it can damage human lungs, besides that nitrogen oxides can also react with other pollutants to produce ozone and other harmful pollutants. 5. Methane Methane CH4 is a colorless, odorless methane gas in small quantities that is harmless to humans, but helps trap heat from the sun. The cause of the increase in the temperature of the earth's surface is also caused by the increase in methane gas in the atmosphere along with other gases, usually this change is known as global warming or the greenhouse effect. Global warming has the potential to cause widespread flooding in the lowlands as the sea expands. Atmospheric in methane also occurs naturally from bacterial decomposition of plants and other sources. Meanwhile, the amount of methane in the waters is increasing due to human activities such as agriculture. Livestock animals such as cows produce methane from their manure and large amounts from rice fields. Large quantities of methane are also used to fuel natural gas, and some of it leaks from pipelines. Speaking what do you know about environmental issues? copy the table onto a large sheet of paper (one per group). In small groups, share your current knowledge to fill in the table below. Name of causes of Effects of Possible solutions Possible problem problem problem by government solutions by individual Deforestation The increasing Decreasing soil Make laws on Carry out demand for fertility, causing prohibition of reforestation, wood for floods and deforestation, conduct outreach industry and the landslides, impose sanctions to the transfer of forest extinction of on perpetrators of community, functions animals and deforestation, implement a plants, reduced provide selective logging world oxygen counseling to the system supply public about the dangers of deforestation, reforestation Greenhouse The increasing Global The use of new Reduce effect concentration of warming, renewable energy, electricity use, carbon dioxide drastic climate namely the reduce use of gas (CO2) and change, rising development of tissue and paper, other gases in the sea levels, biofuels, the reduce use of fuel atmosphere due viruses and construction of oil to the large use bacteria evolve power plants, the of fuel oil, coal development of and other electric car organic fuels ecosystems, and the development of clean energy- based industries Air Pollution The causes of air The effects of Addition of green Reducing the use pollution are air pollution are open space, of oil-fueled forest fires and interfering with planning of vehicles, planting incomplete breathing, transportation trees, using combustion of polluting the air improvement recycled products vehicle engines and reducing programs, odd- oxygen levels even systems, and testing of motor vehicle emissions. Abrasion The causes of Shrinking of the planting mangrove cultivating abrasion are sea coastline so that forests, banning mangroves, tides, destructive the main land is sand mining, taking sufficient sea waves, decreasing, maintaining coral sea resources, massive human endangering reefs protecting coral exploitation of coastal reefs marine resource communities wealth such as living on the fish, coral reefs coast and and other biota reducing fish resources and germplasm due to the destruction of mangrove forests. Flood The causes of Damage to Making reservoirs Throw garbage in flooding are houses and that can hold its place, do dumping of other buildings, rainwater, reforestation, garbage into economic loss, providing trash hold mutual rivers, lack of loss of life, bins, making cooperation to water catchment emergence of regulations on clean the river areas, illegal various kinds of waste disposal. logging, high diseases rainfall forest fires the cause of loss of animal enact laws Replanting trees, forest fires is the habitat, prohibiting forest not throwing disposal of extinction of burning, outreach cigarette butts cigarette butts animals and to the public carelessly in the that are still plants, air forest, turning off burning in the pollution firewood when forest, lightning camping strikes during the dry season soil pollution Soil pollution is decreased soil Advise people not reducing the use caused by the fertility, effectto pollute the land, of pesticides, excessive use of on plant growth, Make strict recycling plastic pesticides changes in soil regulations/laws waste, not structure regarding soil throwing pollution, detergent or Designate a garbage into special waste waterways storage area. Water Water pollution reduced oxygen enact legislation dispose of pollution is caused by content in prohibiting the household waste dumping water, damage disposal of waste in its place, industrial waste to marine into rivers, protect the into rivers, ecosystems, prohibiting the use marine fishing with lack of clean of poisons in ecosystem by not poison, oil spills water sources fishing, destroying and in the sea prohibiting illegal taking offshore mining excessively landslide landslides are Land damage conducting repairing caused by illegal and loss of land counseling about waterways, not logging, soil cover the dangers of cutting down erosion, human vegetation landslides and the trees around activities such as Disturbance of reasons for them, hillsides, planting earth digging ecosystem carrying out trees and water leaks balance Land reforestation, becomes critical reducing causing development on groundwater slopes prone to reserves to landslides deplete, casualties and material losses Damage to Fishing that still extinction of banning the use of catching fish Marine uses chemicals fish, coral reefs poisons to catch using nets, not Ecosystems and explosives, and other fish, calls for taking fish dumping garbage marine protecting marine excessively, into the sea, inhabitants, ecosystems, planting coral beach decreased planting reefs reclamation fishermen's mangroves on the income coast