Quantifiers

NOTE:

Remember that we use How much…? with uncountable nouns and How many…?
with plural countable nouns.

Quantifiers

 some + uncountable / plural countable nouns

is used in affirmative sentences and in questions when we offer something
or ask for something politely.
There is some orange juice in the fridge.
Would you like some chips?
Could I have some coffee?
 any + uncountable / plural countable nouns
is used in questions and negative sentences.
Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
There aren’t any chips on the table.
 no (=not any) + uncountable / plural countable nouns
is used in affirmative sentences to give a negative meaning.
There is no cheese in the fridge. = There isn’t any cheese in the fridge.
 a lot (of) / lots of + uncountable / plural countable nouns
are used to express a large quantity.
I drink a lot of water.
I eat lots of apple a week.
 (a) few + plural countable nouns
is used in affirmative sentences to express a small quantity.
I only ate a few oranges because I was full.
 (a) little + uncountable nouns
is used in affirmative sentences to express a small quantity.
I drank a little water because I wasn’t thirsty.
Relative Pronouns (who, which, that)

Pronouns
People who/that
Things / animals / ideas which/that
Possession whose

Adverbs of Place and Time (where, when)

Adverbs
Place where
Time when

NOTE:

Defining relative clauses give information which is needed to understand the

meaning of the sentence. They are not separated from the main clause by
commas.

She’s the girl who/that lives next door.

The book (which/that) you bought is on the desk.

 Who, which and that can be omitted if they refer to the object of the
sentence. Whose and where cannot be omitted.
 In formal language prepositions appear at the beginning of the clause.
In informal language they appear at the end of the relative clause.
The chair on which I’m sitting isn’t very comfortable. (formal)
The chair (which/that) I am sitting on isn’t very comfortable (informal)

Non-defining relative clauses give extra information about the person, thing or
idea they refer to. They are always separated from the main clause by commas.

Mr Brown, who is our Geography teacher, is really old.

Our car, which cost us a lot, keeps breaking down.

 Relative pronouns/adverbs cannot be omitted in non-defining relative

clauses; nor can we use that instead of them.
 Prepositions usually appear at the beginning of non-defining relative
clauses.
This cupboard, in which I keep my old toys, hasn’t been cleaned for ages.
 Which may also refer to a whole sentence.
He offered to give me a ride, which was very kind of him.
Task: Circle the correct option.

1. I eat a lot of / any fruit.

2. Do you have some / any water?
3. I usually eat a few / a little cheese because I’m lactose intolerant.
4. A How much meat do you eat?
B None / Any. I’m a vegetarian.
5. I eat lots of / lot fish.
6. I want to drink some / any orange juice.

Task: Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).

1. This is the bank __________ was robbed yesterday.

2. A boy __________ sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man __________ robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask __________ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend __________ waited outside in the car.
6. The woman __________ gave him the money was young.
7. The bag __________ contained the money was yellow.
8. The people __________ were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man __________ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman __________ daughter was crying tried to calm her.

Task: Join the sentences using who, which, whose, when or where.

1. You’ve just baked a pie. It smells fantastic.

____________________________________________________________
2. We went to a restaurant. They served snails.
____________________________________________________________
3. His wife’s on a diet. She’s lost 5 kilos already.
____________________________________________________________
4. Mrs Dalton is the woman. Her son’s a chef.
____________________________________________________________
5. You were looking for spices. Did you find them?
____________________________________________________________
6. It was 2012. I got married then.
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