POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE

ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS

MY MINE
YOUR YOURS
HIS HIS
HER HERS
ITS ----------
OUR OURS
THEIR THEIRS

Possessive Adjective: siempre delante de un sustantivo RULE: Possessive

Adjective + Noun

Possessive Pronoun: no lleva sustantivo detrás RULE:

Possessive Pronoun + Noun

EXAMPLES

1. I (S) like (V) pasta (C)

2. I (S) love (V) him (C-Object)
3. My (Poss.Adj) father (Noun) is (V) German (C)
4. That bag is mine (Poss. Pronoun) = ese bolso es mío.
EXERCISE: complete the gaps with an object pronoun, a possessive
adjective or a possessive pronoun.

1. My job is wonderful. I really like _________ !

2. I’m going to see the Rolling Stones. Do you like _________ ?

3. President Obama was born in Hawaii but _________ father was born in Kenya.

4. That car is not ours. Is it _________ ?

5. We have a big problem. Can you help _________?

6. My cell phone is dead. Can I use _________?

7. Carla Bruni was born in Italy but _________ grandmother is Italian.

EXERCISE: choose the best option, a possessive adjective or a possessive

pronoun.

1. Is that your notebook or _____________________ (my/mine)?

2. I don’t like _____________________ (their/theirs) apartment.

3. That’s not my problem. It’s _____________________ (yours/your).

4. Your car is green, while _____________________ (my/mine) is black.

5. Isn’t _____________________ (their/theirs) son older than you?

6. A friend of _____________________ (our/ours) called.

7. A friend of _____________________ (her/hers) brother’s called.

8. He’s _____________________ (our/ours) doctor.

9. That’s _____________________ (our/ours) house, not theirs.

10. Is he a friend of _____________________ (your/yours)?

 Quantifiers
Quantifiers indicate the amount of a name. They are answers to the question "How many?/how
much?" Like articles, quantifiers define a name and are always placed in front of the name. Some
can be used only with countable names, some with only uncountable names, and some with both.

Cuantificador Contable Uncontable

many
X
muchos / muchas

much
X
mucho / mucha

some
X X
algunos / algunas

any
X X
alguno / alguna

no, none
X X
no, ninguno/a

a lot of / lots of
X X
muchos/as

little / a little
X
poco / un poco

few / a few
X
pocos / unos pocos
 MANY: MUCHO
Use: Express the idea of large quantity. It is used especially in negative and
interrogative sentences with the countable name in the plural. You can use "many"
in affirmative sentences, although it is not very common. Normally, we use other
quantifiers like "a lot."

Affirmative phrase:
We have many friends.
It is also combined with "too" or "so" to express the idea of an excessive amount:
There are too many changes for me.
There are so many things I want to do!

Negative:
There are not many tourists.

Interrogative phrase:
How many cats do you have?
 SOME: ALGUNOS/ UNOS
Usage: It is used for both uncountable nouns or nouns and for countable plural
nouns or nouns. It is used in affirmative and interrogative sentences (to affirm
something); substitute "any" in negative or interrogative sentences. It means an
indefinite but limited amount.

Affirmative, countable name:

She has some apples.

Affirmative, uncountable name:

There is some milk in the kitchen.

Question,countable name:
Can I have some cookies?

Question phrase / uncountable name:

Would you like some coffee?

ANY: ALGUNOS, NINGUNOS

Use: It is used in the same contexts as "some," but in negative or interrogative
sentences.
Negative, countable name:
I do not have any cats.

Negative, uncountable name:

He does not have any money.

Question, countable name:

Are there any changes?

Question, uncountable name:

Is there any milk?
 NO/NONE: NO, NINGUNO
Use: Unlike the particle “no,” “none” can be used without being accompanied by a
name, countable or uncountable. Therefore it usually goes to the end of the
sentence and as the only answer to a question that refers to quantities.
Accounting name:
How many pencils are there? None. (How many pencils are there? None.)

Accounting name:
There are no pencils.

Uncountable name:
How much money do you have? None. (How much money do you have? Nothing.)

Uncountable name:
I have no money.

A LOT OF / LOTS OF: MUCHO

Use: Express idea of large quantity. It can be used with countable and uncountable
nouns or nouns. Unlike "many" and "much", we do not use them in question
sentences. In general, "lots of" is more informal.
Examples:
Accounting name:
He has a lot of books.

Accounting name:
He does not have a lot of books.

Uncountable name:
I have lots of money.

Uncountable name:
I do not have a lot of money.
 LITTLE / A LITTLE: POCO/ POCOS
Usage: They express a small amount and are used only with uncountable names.
The option to use “little” or “a little” reflects an opinion on the quantity. If you use “a
little”, it means a positive opinion about the quantity and if you use “little” it means a
negative opinion.
Interrogative phrase:
Do you have a little money?

Affirmative phrase:
We have little time.

FEW / A FEW: POCO/ POCOS

Use: They express a small number. They are used only with countable names. As
we have seen above, the option to use “few” or “a few” reflects the opinion on the
amount expressed. "Few" describes the quantity negatively and "a few" describes
it positively.

Interrogative phrase:
Do you have a few dollars?

Affirmative phrase:
There are few tourists here today.
DIRECTIONS: choose the quantifier that fits the better in the following
sentences

1. How____ time do we have?

2. Can you put ____ sugar in my tea?
3. There weren’t ____ children at the park. Only 2 or 3.
4. There is ____ rice. We need to buy some at the supermarket.
5. How ____ brothers do you have?
A: ____. I am an only child.

DIRECTIONS: choose the quantifier that fits the better in the following
sentences

1. We don't have ____ time.

Many Some A Little Much

2. you have ____ milk?

Many Any A few Some

3. Amy has ____ friends.

A lot of Much Any A little

4. Do you have ____ money I could borrow?

A few A Little A lot Many

5. There are ____ oranges in the kitchen.

Any Some Much A little

6. How ____ books do you have?

Much Many Any Some

7. How much money do you have? ____.

Any A few Many None

8. There are not ____ options.

Much Many Some Few

9. How ____ money do you have?

Much Many Some Any

10. There is ____ butter in the fridge.

Few Many Some Any
 FUTURE SIMPLE

The future simple is used to:

To express the future the forms “will” and “going to” are used
The difference between "going to" and "will" is the sense of planning and the probability of
an action happening. In general, “going to” is used for concrete plans, when we are sure that
something is going to happen.

"Will" is used with voluntary actions.

Examples:
- Will you help me move? No I will not / won’t
- They will clean their rooms
"Will" is used to express a promise.
Examples:
- Pame invited me to her party, I promise I will be there
- He promises he will call when he arrives
- He promise he won’t drink
"Going to" is used for plans. The intention to do something is indicated.
Examples:
- We are going to have a party tonight.
- Claudia is going to take an French class
We can use "will" or "going to" to make predictions. When there is evidence that something is
going to happen we use "going to".
Examples:
- It will be a great party. / It is going to be a great party there will be a DJ.
- It won’t rain. / It is not going to rain, is really cloudy

NOTE:
Note: There are some situations where we use the Present continuous or the Present Simple to
express actions in the future.
- The present continuous can be used for safe actions in the near future.
- Simple present is used for events scheduled in the near future and train, flight, schedules, etc.
 STRUCTURE “WILL”

Affirmative Sentences
Subject + “will” + main verb. + comp
Examples:
- I will call you tonight.
- I will arrive late.
- My parents will be very happy to see you.
Negative Sentences
Subect + “will” + “not” + main verb + comp
Examples:
- She will not/ won’t call me tonight.
- We will not/ won’t arrive late.
- My parents will not/ won’t be happy to see you
Interrogative Sentences
“Will” + subject + main verb + comp?
Examples:
- Will you marry me?
- Will she call you tonight?
- Will they arrive soon?
 STRUCTURE “GOING TO”

Affirmative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + “going to” + main verb + comp.
Examples:

- I am going to call you tonight.

- She is going to arrive late.
- It Is going to be a clown in the party.
Negative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + "not" + "going to" + main verb.
Examples:
- I’m not going to call you tonight.
- She is not going to arrive late.
- He is not going to be your friend.
Interrogative Sentences
Auxiliary verb (to be) + subject + "going to" + main verb + comp?
Examples:
- Are you going to call me tonight?
- Is she going to arrive late?
- Are you going to make the dinner?
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS

In this tense both forms “will” and ”going to” mean

almost the same thing and are interchangeable
The future continuous is used to:
To describe the action that will be in the future and that will
be interrupted. The verb that interrupts is in the present
simple.
Examples:
WILL
Juampi will be watching the news when you call.
GOING TO
Juampi is going to be watching the news when you call

To talk about an action in a specific time in the future.

Juampi is going to be living in Madrid in April.
Juampi will be living in Madrid in April.

NOTE:
Just like in the present continuous there are some verbs that we do not usually
use in continuous tenses.
 STRUCTURE WILL BE

Affirmative Sentences
Subject + “will be” + main verb + ing + Comp.
- I will be dancing all night.
- I will be eating at 5pm
Negative Sentences
Subject + “will” + “not” + “be” + main verb + ing + comp.
Examples:
- I won’t be playing guitar
- I will not be talking during the class.
Interrogative Sentences
“Will” + subject + "be"+ verb + ing + comp.
- Will I be eating?
- Will you be learning english?

STRUCTURE GOING TO

Affirmative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + “going to be” + main verb + ing + comp.
- We are going to be dancing all night.
- He is going to be eating at 5pm,
Negative Sentences
Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + “not” + “going to be” + main verb + ing + comp.
- We are not going to be playing guitar
- I am not going to be talking during the class.
Interrogative Sentences
Auxiliary verb (to be) + subject + “going to be” + verb + ing + comp. + ?
- Aren’t you going to be playing?
- Isn’t she going to be learning English?