ADJECTIVE

(KATA SIFAT)
Kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan kata benda (noun).
A beautiful girl is walking here.
I have a cat.
1.ARTICLE (kata sandang)
Article adalah kata sandang yang menunjukkan spesfik atau
tidak spesifik suatu benda. A/an = indefinite
A AN
FUNGSI: FUNGSI:
Digunakan untuk noun countable Digunakan untuk noun countable
singular yang diawali dengan singular yang diawali dengan
penyebuatan huruf konsonan penyebutan huruf vocal (a, i, u,
e, o)
EXAMPLE: Example:
A book, A car, A pen, a horse An apple, an uncle, an umbrella
A university, A uniform, A unicorn An hour, an honest man, ......
yuni
 EXERCISE
A. Give article (A/An) to those words below
1. A/An mistake 7. A/An uniform 13. A/An hour or two
2. A/An abbreviation 8. A/An union 14. A/An hole in the ground
3. A/An dream 9. A/An untrue story 15. A/An hill
4. A/An interesting dream 10. A/An urgent message 16. A/An handsome man
5. A/An empty box 11. A/An universal problem 17. A/An honest man
6. A/An box 12. A/An unhappy child 18. A/An honor
 THE – Definite
FUNGSI: a money
Digunakan untuk noun countable baik yang singular
maupun yang plular dan noun uncountable.

Example:
The student (noun countable singular) a student
The students (noun countable plural) a students
(incorrect)
The water (noun uncountable) a water (incorrect)
 ARTICLE
A/AN (GENERAL IDEA) THE (SPECIFIC IDEA)
FUNGSI: FUNGSI
- Merujuk pada benda secara - Merujuk hanya pada satu benda
umum - Diantara banyak benda, diketahui satu
- Diantara banyak benda, tidak benda yang dibicarakan
perlu diketahui satu benda
yang dibicarakan
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: - My friend will borrow the book
- My friend will borrow a book (there is one specific book that will be
(it is still not known which book borrowed)
will - My dad will go on the second Saturday
be borrowed) in may
- My dad will go on a Saturday in (there is only one second Saturday in
may may)
(there are four Saturdays in
may)
 EXERCISE
B. Direction: Complete the sentences the or a/an
1. I have a notebook and a grammar book. The notebook is red. The grammar book is
brown.
2. Right now Pablo is sitting in class between a woman and a man. The woman is Graciela
and the man is Mustafa.
3. Susan is wearing _____ ring and _____ necklace. ______ ring is on her left hand.
4. Tony and Sara are waiting for their plane to depart. Toni is reading ______ magazine.
Sara is reading ______ newspaper. When Sara finishes ______ newspaper and Tony
finishes ______ magazine, they will trade.
5. In the picture below, there are four figures: _____ circle, _____ triangle, ______ square,
and _____ rectangle. ______ circle is next to ______ triangle. ______ square is between
______ triangle and rectangle.
• I have the/a cat. The/a cat is so cute.
• Open the/a door!
 Banyak Example
Many + Noun Countable Plural many people many students many children many books
Much + Noun Uncountable much water much sugar much money much salt
A lot of + Noun Countable Plural/Noun A lot of people A lot of water a lot of salt
Uncountable A lot of students A lot of sugar a lot of friends

Sedikit
A few + Noun Countable Plural a few people a few students a few children a few days

A little + Noun Uncountable a little water a little sugar a little money

Beberapa
Some/Any + Noun Countable Some/Any people Some/Any sugar
Plural/Noun Uncountable Some/Any students Some/Any water

Several + Noun Countable Plural Several people Several students Several children
 EXERCISE
C. Complete the sentences with many and much
1. How much money do you have in 6. How much sugar do you put in your
your wallet? tea?
2. How many roommates do you 7. How many sentences are there in this
have? exercise?
3. How many languages do you 8. How much water do you need?
speak?
9. How many cups of coffee don you
4. How much homework does your drink?
teacher usually assign?
10. How many brothers do you have?
5. How much tea do you drink in a
day?
 EXERCISE
D. Complete the sentences with a few and a little.
1. I need a little paper.
2. I usually add a little salt to my food.
3. I have a few questions to ask you.
4. Bob needs a little help. He has a few
problems. He needs a little advice.
5. I need to buy a few clothes.
6. I have a little homework to do tonight.
7. I usually get a little mail every day.
8. I usually get a few letters every day.
9. When I'm starving in the evening. I
usually eat a little cheese.
10. We usually do a few exercises in the
class every day.
 SOME VS ANY
E.g.
(+) Statement: Alice has some money. / I have some friends.
(-) Negative: Alice doesn't have any money. / I don’t have any friends.
(?) Question: Does Alice have any / some money?
She doesn't watch any movies.
 EXERCISE
E. Use some or any to complete the sentences.
1. Sue has some money. (+)
2. I don't have any money. (-)
3. Do you have some/any money?
4. Do you need some/any help?
5. No, thank you. I don't need any help.
6. Ken needs some help.
7. Anita usually doesn't get any mail.
8. We don't have any fruit in the apartment.
9. The house is empty. There aren't any people in the house.
10. I need some paper. Do you have some/any paper?
11. James can't write a letter because she doesn't have ______
paper.
12. Steve is getting along fine. He doesn't have ______
problems.
13. I need to go to the grocery. I need to buy ______ food. Do
you need to buy ______ groceries?
14. I'm not busy tonight. I don't have ______ homework to do.
15. There are ______ beautiful flowers in my garden this year.
 DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE
Example: patient, arrogant, bad, expensive, big, small, young, old, hot, warm. square, circle,
red, blue, Pink, Indonesian, Japanese… etc.

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH salty = asin, spicy = pedas, manis = sweet, pahit = bitter,
Adjective + Noun masam = sour, gurih= savory, renyah = crunchy
mobil biru = blue car
rumah yang mahal = expensive house
anak yang nakal = naughty child/boy
Baso yang asin = salty meatball
 ADVERB
(KATA KETERANGAN)
Kata keterangan yang berfungsi menejelaskan adjective, verb, adverb.
It’s really cozy –
She speaks loudly –
He drove his car so fast –
 KINDS OF ADVERB
ADVERB OF TIME ADVERB OF PLACE
(KETERANGAN WAKTU) (KETERANGAN TEMPAT)
WORD: today, yesterday, now … WORD: here, there … etc
PHRASE: in the morning, last year, PHRASE: in the class, at home,
next week … etc beside me … etc
last (week/year/night)
next (week/year)
 KIND OF ADVERB
ADVERB OF MANNER “Adj+ly”
(KETERANGAN CARA)
Exceptions: hard, fast, well, late
WORD: angrily (dengan marah)
calmly (dengan tenang)
carefully (dengan hati – hati)
PHRASE: by bus, in English ….
I go to office by bus.
She talks angrily.
 KIND OF ADVERB
ADVERB OF DEGREE ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
(MENYATAKAN DERAJAT) (MENYATAKAN KESERINGAN)
WORD: so, very, too, extremely, WORD: always, usually, seldom,
absolutely, enough, ..... rarely, sometimes, …
Adjective/adverb: PHRASE: Once a (day / week / year)
She speaks very fast/quickly. Twice a (day/ week / year)
The food is so tasty. (Three) times a (day/ week / year)
You are beautiful enough. four times a (day/ week / year)