CONTROVERSIES AND

CONFLICTING VIEWS IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 Table of Contents

01 CAVITE MUTINY

02 RETRACTION OF JOSE RIZAL

03 CRY OF PUGADLAWIN
”The Indios were possessed
with the natural tendency
of stealing”

Gov. Gen Izquerdo

CAVITE
MUTINY
Cavite Mutiny
.
It is an uprising of Filipino
military personnel of Fort San
Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in
Cavite on 20 January 1872.
Reasons
.
1. Removal of the privileges like exemption
from the payment of tribute and from
rendering polo y servicios.
2. Secularization
 AFTERMATH
❑ Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as Gomburza. were
executed by garrote in Luneta, also known in Tagalog as Bagumbayan, on February 17,
1872.

❑ On January 27, 1872, Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo approved the death sentences
on forty-one of the mutineers.

❑ On February 6, eleven more were sentenced to death, but these were later commuted to
life imprisonment. Others were exiled to other islands of the colonial Spanish East Indies
such as Guam, Mariana Islands, including the father of Pedro Paterno, Maximo Paterno,
Antonio M. Regidor y Jurado, and José María Basa
 AFTERMATH

❑ The most important group created a colony of Filipino expatriates in Europe, particularly in
the Spanish capital of Madrid and Barcelona, where they were able to create small
insurgent associations and print publications that were to advance the claims of the
seeding Philippine Revolution

❑ Finally, a decree was made, stating there were to be no further ordinations and
appointments of Filipinos as Roman Catholic parish priests.
Mutiny vs. Revolution
 Three versions related to
Cavite Mutiny

Gov. Gen. Rafael

Izquerdo Dr. Trinidad
and Jose Montero Hermenigildo Edmund Plauchut-
y Vidal, Pardo de Tavera, a Frenchman
a prolific Spanish a Filipino scholar residing in Manila
historian and researcher at the time the
event happened
Governor General Rafael Izquerdo said that
the mutiny was stimulated and prepared by
the native clergy, mestizos and lawyers as a
signal of objection against the injustices of
the government such as not paying
provinces for tobacco crops, pay tribute and
rendering of forced labor
Montero stated that the event is a
REVOLUTION an attempt by the Indios
to topple the Spanish government in
the Philippines
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera claimed that the event
was just a mutiny of the natives, and soldiers
arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied with the
abolition of their privileges and indirectly blamed
blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies
Edmund Plauchut-
His version of the mutiny was published in
the Revue des Deux Mondes reaffirming the
Tavera version.
It stated that the fort which originated from
the order of Izquerdo.
SEATWORK
Answer the following questions:
1.What happened on January 20, 1872?
2.What is the version of Spanish historian Jose Montero y Vidal?
3.What is the version of the Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo?
4.What is the version of Pardo de Tavera? How about Edmund Plauchut?
5.Why did the mutiny lead to the execution of the priests Gomez, Burgos
and Zamora?
6.How did the mutiny ignite Filipino nationalism? Discuss your answer.