MY SQL

SQL – Structured Query Language fl;likf;fg;gl;l tpdty; nkhop

fl;likf;fg;gl;l tpdty; nkhopahdJ gpd;tUkhW tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

juTfis ifahs;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLk; nkhop

 SELECT FROM WHERE

 INSERT INTO VALUES
 UPDATE SET WHERE
 DELETE FROM WHERE

Data Definition Language (DDL)

juTj;jsj;jpd; mikg;gpid tbtikg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkhop

 CREATE
 DROP
 ALTER

Data Control Language (DCL)

juTj;jsj;jpypUe;J juTfs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w nkhopahFk;
 GRANT - to allow specified users to perform specified tasks.
 REVOKE - to cancel previously granted or denied permissions.

SQL ,y; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; juT tiffs;

Data Definition Language (DDL)

1. juTj;jsk; xd;iw cUthf;Fjy; : juTj;jsnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F mj;juTj;jsj;jpw;fhd
ngaUld; CREATE DATABASE vDk; fl;lis toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;

CREATE DATABASE Database_Name;

cjhuzk;: CREATE DATABASE School;

2. cUthf;fg;gl;l juTj;jsq;fis ghu;itapl : gaduhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l juTj;jsq;fis

ghu;itapLtjw;F

SHOW DATABASES;

3. cUthf;fg;gl;l juTjjsj;ij mZfy; : juTj;jsj;ij cUthf;fpa gpd; mjid gad;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf USE vdk; fl;lis gad;gLk;.
USE DatabaseName;
cjhuzk;: USE School;
Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604
 4. cUthf;fg;gl;l juTj;jsj;ij ePf;Fjy;

DROP DATABASE DatabaseName;

cjhuzk;: DROP DATABASE School;

5. cUthf;fpa juTj;jsj;jpDs; ml;ltiz xd;;iw cUthf;Fjy;

CREATE TABLE Table Name (FieldName1 Datatype (Length),

FieldName2 Datatype (Length), …
FieldNameN Datatype (Length));

,q;F Table Name vDk; ,lj;jpy; ml;ltizf;fhd ngau; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Field Name vDk;
gFjpapy; Gyj;jpd; ngaiuAk; Data Type vDk; gFjpapy; Fwpj;j Gyj;jpw;Fupa juT tifiaAk;
Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;.

6. cUthf;fpa ml;ltizgw;wpa tpguq;fis mwpjy;

DESCRIBE TableName; / DESC TableName;

cjhuzk;: DESC School;

Kjd;ikr;rhtp cUthf;fy; : Kjd;ikr;rhtp cUthf;fg;gLtjw;F ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fs; cs;sd

1. ml;ltiz cUthf;Fk; NghJ

2. ml;ltiz cUthf;fk; G+u;j;jp mile;j gpd;du;

7. ml;ltiz cUthf;fg;gLk;NghJ mjw;Fupa Gyq;fisAk; juTtif ,lg;gUkd; Nghd;wtw;iw

toq;FtNjhL Kjd;ikr;rhtp vg;Gyj;jpw;F gpuNahfpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjidAk; toq;Fjy;
Ntz;Lk;.

CREATE TABLE Table Name (FieldName1 Datatype (Length),

FieldName2 Datatype (Length), …
FieldNameN Datatype (Length), PRIMARY KEY (FieldName));

8. ml;ltiz cUthf;fk; G+u;j;jp mile;j gpd; Kjd;ikr;rhtpia cUthf;fy;

ALTER TABLE TableName ADD PRIMARY KEY (FieldName);
cjhuzk;:

9. cUthf;fg;gl;l Kjd;ikr;rhtpia ePf;Fjy;

ALTER TABLE TableName DROP PRIMARY KEY;
cjhuzk;:

Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604

10. me;epar;rhtp cUthf;fy; : me;epar;rhtp cUthf;fg;gLtjw;F ,uz;L re;ju;gg
; q;fs; cs;sd

1. ml;ltiz cUthf;Fk; NghJ

2. ml;ltiz G+uzkhf cUthf;fg;gl;l gpd;

ml;ltiz cUthf;Fk; NghJ me;epar;rhtpaply;

CREATE TABLE TableName(FieldName1 Datatype (Length), FieldName2 Datatype (Length),……,

PRIMARY KEY (FieldName), FOREIGN KEY (FieldName) REFERENCES Second Table Name (FieldName));

cjhuzk;:

ml;ltiz G+uzkhf cUthf;fg;gl;l gpd; me;epar;rhtp cUthf;fy;

Xu; ml;ltizapd; Kjd;ikr;rhtpg;Gyk; ,d;DnkhU ml;ltizAld; njhlu;GgLk; NghJ ,uz;lhk;

ml;ltizapy; mNj Gyk; me;epar;rhtpg;Gykhf mikfpd;wJ.

cjhuzkhf Student vDk; ml;ltizapy; cs;s studentid vDk; Gyk; marks vDk; ml;ltizapy;
studentid vDk; Gyj;Jld; njhlu;GgLk; NghJ me;epar;rhtpahFk;. ,q;F marks vDk; ml;ltiz
cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ studentid vDk; Gyk; me;epar;rhtpahFk;. ,g;Gyk; Student ml;ltizapypUf;Fk;
Kjd;ikr;rhtpia Nkw;Nfhs; (Reference)fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ALTER TABLE TableName ADD FOREIGN KEY (FieldName) REFERENCES Second Table Name (FieldName);

cjhuzk;:

11. me;epar;rhtpia ePf;Fjy;

ALTER TABLE TableName DROP FOREIGN KEY (Constraint);

fl;Lg;ghL (Constraint) vd;dntd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F SHOW CREATE TABLE marks; vDk;
fl;lisia gad;gLj;jp marks ml;ltizapd; tpguq;fis mwpayhk;.

MfNt ,q;F me;epar;rhtpapd; fl;Lg;ghL (Constraint) marks_ibfk_1 MFk;. ,f;fl;Lg;ghl;il gad;gLj;jp

me;epar;rhtpia ePf;f KbAk;.

12. cUthf;fpa ml;ltizf;F Gjpjhf Gyq;fisr; Nru;j;jy;

ALTER TABLE TableName ADD FieldName Datatype (Length);
cjhuzk; :

13. ml;ltiz xd;wpypUe;J Gynkhd;iw ePf;Fjy;

ALTER TABLE TableName DROP FieldName;
cjhuzk; :

14. ml;ltiz xd;iw ePf;Fk; Kiw

DROP TABLE TableName;
cjhuzk; : DROP TABLE student;

Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604

Data Manipulation Language (DML)
1. ml;ltiznahd;wpf;F juT cs;sL P nra;jy;

Method 01
INSERT INTO TableName (FieldName1, FieldName2,………,FieldNameN)
VALUES (Value1, Value2, …………….., ValueN);

cjhuzk;:

Method 02
INSERT INTO TableName SET FieldName1=Value1, FieldName2=Value2, ……., FieldNameN=ValueN;

cjhuzk;:

Method 03
INSERT INTO TableName
VALUES (Value1, Value2, …………….., ValueN);

,q;F ngWkjpfis toq;Fk;NghJ ml;ltizapy; cs;s Gyq;fspd; xOq;fpw;Nfw;g toq;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzk;:

2. ml;ltiznahd;wpypUe;J gjpTfis mfw;Wjy;

DELETE FROM TableName WHERE <Some_Column = Some_Value>;
cjhuzk;:

CASCADE – ml;ltiz xd;W my;yJ gy me;epar;rhtp gpuNahfpj;jypd; %yk; njhlu;GgLj;jg;gl;Ls;s

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ml;ltizfspy; ,Uf;Fk; gjpTfis xNu jilitapy; ePf;fk; nra;a ,f;fl;lis
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

3. ml;ltizapy; cs;s juTfis kPsg;ngwy; (SELECT Query)

ml;ltizfspy; ,Uf;Fk; juthdJ gy;NtW epge;jidfspd; mbg;gilapy; kPsg;ngwg;gl KbAk;.

ml;ltizfspypUe;J kPsg;ngwg;gLk; juthdJ ml;ltiz tbtpNyNa fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

ml;ltizapy; cs;s rfy juTfisAk; KOikahf fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;

SELECT * FROM TableName;
cjhuzk; :
SELECT * FROM student;
Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604
ml;ltizapy; cs;s juTfspy; njupTnra;ag;gl;l Gyq;fSf;Fupa juTfis kl;Lk; epge;jid mbg;gilapy;
kPsg;ngwy;

SELECT <Column_Name1>, <Column_Name2> …

FROM TableName
WHERE <Condition>;

cjhuzk; :

AND, OR Operators ghtpj;J ml;ltizapy; cs;s juTfis kPsg;ngwy;

AND Operator
SELECT FieldName1, FieldName2…..
FROM TableName
WHERE Condition AND Condition;

cjhuzk;:

OR Operator
SELECT FieldName1, FieldName2…..
FROM TableName
WHERE Condition OR Condition;

cjhuzk;:

Comparision Operator [ gad;gLj;jp juTfis kPsg;ngwy;

1. Greater than (>)
2. Less than (<)
3. Greater than or equal (>=)
4. Less than or equal (<=)
5. Equal (=)
6. Not equal (<> /! =)

cjhuzk;: juk; 12 ,w;F Nkw;gl;l Mz; khztu;fs; my;yhj khztu;fspd; name, gender, grade
Mfpatw;iw ngWtjw;fhd SQL

BETWEEN fl;lisia gad;gLj;jp ml;ltizapy; cs;s juTfis kPsg;ngwy;

SELECT FieldNames
FROM Student
WHERE FieldName BETWEEN Value AND Value;

Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604

 cjhuzk;:

ORDER BY fl;lis %yk; juTfis VWtupir my;yJ ,wq;Ftupirg;gLj; jy;

SELECT FieldName1, FieldName2…..
FROM TableName
WHERE Condition
ORDERBY FieldName ASC/DESC;

cjhuzk;:

GROUP BY fl;lis %yk; ml;ltizapy; cs;s juTfis FOf;fshf;fp ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s);

cjhuzk;:

LIKE fl;lisia gad;gLj;jp ml;ltizapypUe;J juTfis kPsg;ngwy;

SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;

cjhuzk;:

DISTINCT fl;llisia gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Duplicate juTfis jtpu;f;f KbAk;

Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604

4. ml;ltiznhd;wpd; Gyq;fis ,w;iwg;gLj;jy; (UPDATE QUERY)
UPDATE TableName
SET FieldName1=Value, FieldName2=Value, …
WHERE Condition;

cjhuzk;:

xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l jutl;ltizfspypUe;J Njitahd juTfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

Student Marks

Subject

1. “ICT” ghlj;ij fw;Fk; khztu;fspd; ngau; kw;Wk; mtu;fs; fy;tp fw;Fk; juk; Mfpatw;iw ngwy;

2. juk; 12 ,y; “SFT” ghlj;jpy; 70 my;yJ mjw;F Nky; Gs;sp ngw;w khztu;fspd; ngau;> juk;> ghlg;ngau;>
Gs;sp Mfpatw;iw ngwy;

Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604

3. khztu; ngaUk; mtu;fs; ghlq;fspy; ngw;w nkhj;jg;Gs;spiaAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd SQL

4. ‘Vithushan’ vDk; khztd; Njhw;wpa ghlq;fSk; mtd; mtw;Wf;fhf ngw;w Gs;spfisAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jjy;

Teacher: Mr.S.Umakanthan (BIT) Telephone Number: 0778888604