Senior High School Department

KING THOMAS LEARNING ACADEMY, INC. Statistics and Probability

A decade of uplifting lives and build futures Week 3
UNIT TITLE: NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
LESSON TITLE: NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND STANDARD NORMAL CURVE
Learning Competency:
• Identifies regions under the normal curve to convert standard normal variable and vice versa.
Learning Objective:
• Solve situational problems involving normal distribution.
Gaining Attention:
• There are given images.
• Identify if the given normal
distribution comes in what way:

a. spread out more on the left

b. spread out more on the right
c. all jumbled up
d. clustered around the central value

NOTE: Write the letter of your answer

below the given images.

Available from https://image.slidesharecdn.com/6-141218114532-conversion-gate01/95/6describing-a-distribution-39-

Presentation/Content: 638.jpg?cb=1418903237

We are going to study another form of distribution in which the given sets of data are clustered mostly at the center. This
is called normal probability distribution.
The normal probability distribution or simply normal curve is a data distribution where the mean, median, and mode are
equal and the distribution is clustered at the center. The graph of a normal distribution is a symmetrical bell-shaped curved. (De
Guzman, 2017)

CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION The data in a normal distribution comes in different ways
as follows:
1. They can be spread out to the left.
2. They can be spread out to the right.
3. They can be all jumbled up.
4. They can be clustered around the central value.

A normal distribution is perfectly symmetrical around its

Here, we see the four characteristics of a normal
distribution. Normal distributions are symmetric, unimodal,
and asymptotic, and the mean, median, and mode are all
equal.
center. That is, the right side of the center is a mirror image of
the left side. There is also only one mode, or peak, in a normal
distribution. Normal distributions are continuous and have tails
that are asymptotic, which means that they approach but never
touch the x-axis. The center of a normal distribution is located
at its peak, and 50% of the data lies above the mean, while 50%
lies below. It follows that the mean, median, and mode are all
equal in a normal distribution.

PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

• The mean, median, and mode are equal and are represented by the central point along the horizontal axis which determines the
highest point of the curve.
• The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution.
• The curve is bell-shaped and symmetric around the mean and is asymptotic to the horizontal axis; that is, the curve extends
indefinitely both directions.
• The total area (or probability) under the normal curve is equal 100% or 1; or 50% or 0.5 to each side from the center. Thus, it
represents the probability or proportion or the percentage associated with specific sets of measurement values.
(De Guzman, 2017)
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 STANDARD NORMAL CURVE

The normal probability distribution or simply the normal curve. The normal curve is frequently used as a mathematical
model in inferential statistics. Through the normal curve, the inferences that we make regarding a population can be visualized.

The standard normal curve is a normal probability The equation that describes a normal curve is:
distribution that is most commonly used as a model for
inferential statistics.
The standard score or z-score is the equivalent value
of the raw score expressed in terms of the mean (µ) and the where:
Y = height of the curve particular values of X
standard deviation (σ) of the distribution. It measures the X = any score in the distribution
distance of any particular raw score (x) from the mean in σ = standard deviation of the population
µ = mean of the population
standard deviation units. (De Guzman, 2017) π = 3.1416
e = 2.7183

The standard normal curve is a normal probability distribution that has

a mean µ = 0 and a standard deviation σ = 1.
The substituting the mean, µ = 0 and the standard deviation, σ = 1 in the
formula, mathematicians are able to find areas under the normal curve.
Fortunately, these areas have already been determined for our use. The area
between -3 and +3 is almost 100% (not yet 100%) because the curve almost
touches the horizontal line. Thus, there is a small fraction of the area at the tails
of the distribution. (Belecina et al, 2016)

Given the raw score x, the formula for its equivalent standard score or z-score is
𝑥− 𝜇
z= 𝜎
where µ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation.

EXAMPLE NO. 1: Finding the Z-Score

SOLUTION:
The DG Company has 100 branches nationwide. The
It is given that µ = 73, x = 80, and σ = 3.25.
annual profit of DG Company is normally distributed with a
mean of ₱73 million a year and a standard deviation of ₱3.25
To find the equivalent z-score, we have:
million. Find the z-score pertaining to the number of branches 𝑥− 𝜇 80−73 7
having a sale of ₱80 million. z=
𝜎
=
3.25
=
3.25
= 2.15

FINDING THE AREA OF REGION UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE

Every region under the normal curve corresponds to the area

bounded by µ or z = 0 and the number units of the z-score is from the
center. Each area value is given in percent, which also signifies the
percentage of data found within that interval. Each half of the curve is
equivalent to an area of 0.5 or 50%. (De Guzman, 2017)

EXAMPLE NO. 1: Finding the area under the normal curve

What is the area under the normal curve from z = 0 to z = 0.25?

SOLUTION:
Refer to the z-table. Since z = 0.25 is positive, it means that the area is at the right of z = 0. Locating z = 0.25 in the table,
we look at the leftmost column and find the tenth value which is 0.2. Then find the hundredth value on the uppermost row. The
intersection of the two grids is the required area.

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 This means that the area under the curve from z = 0 to z = 0.25 is 0.0987.
Equivalently, this means that 9.87% of the data can be found inside the interval.

EXAMPLE NO. 2: Finding the area under the normal curve

What is the area under the normal curve from z = 0 to z = -1.23?

SOLUTION:
The negative sign of z = -1.23 indicates that the area is at the left side of z = 0. Since the normal curve is symmetrical, the area
will be the same with its positive value which is z = 1.23. Locating z = 1.23 in the z-table, we have:

Therefore, the area under the normal curve from z = -1.23 to z = 0.3907.
This suggests that 39.07% of the data can be found inside this interval.

EXAMPLE NO. 3: Finding the area under the normal curve

Consider again example no. 1. Recall that the DC Company has 100 branches nationwide and its annual profit is normally
distributed with the mean of ₱73 million a year and a standard deviation of ₱3.25 million. What percentage of its branches have a
profit of ₱73 million to ₱80 million?

SOLUTION:
From the Example No.1, we have obtained the required equivalent z-score which is z = 2.15. (Refer to Standard Normal
Table)
Now locate z = 2.15 in the z-table to find the corresponding area from z = 0 (for µ = 73) to z = 2.15 (for x = 80). We find
that the area is equal to 0.4842. (Note that the required area is the shaded part in the figure.) Thus, 0.4842 (100) or 48.42% of the
DG Company’s branches have a profit of ₱73 million to ₱80 million.

Eliciting Performance 3.1:

Find the area under the normal curve.
1. From z = 0 to z = 2.07
2. From z = 0 to z = -1.03
3. From z = 0 to z = 2.22
4. From z = 0 to z = 3.03
5. From z = -2.33 to z = 3.03

Bibliography:

Belecina, R., et al. (2016). Rex Book Store, Inc., Statistics and Probability,
Normal Distribution, p. 50 Prepared by:
FLORENCE T. SUGAY
De Guzman, D. (2017). C & E Publishing, Inc., Statistics & Probability,
Normal Distribution, p. 34 Gmail account: florence.sugay@ktla.online
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