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2022 REVISION
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CHEMISTRY
wñ, oikdhl MBBS Undergraduate,
University of Colombo
C H E M I S T R Y
Amila Dasanayake
ldnksl ridhkh hdka;%K (MBBS Undergraduate, University of Colombo)
(1) óf;aka úiß; ysre t<sh fyda mdrcïnq, lsrK hgf;a ye,ckSlrKh
Cl2 / h𝜈
CH4
hdka;%Kh :-
Br
HBr
CH3 CH = CH2 CH3 − CH − CH3
hdka;%Kh :-
Br
+
−
:
CH3CH = CH2 H δ+
− Br δ− CH3 CH − CH3 Br CH3 − CH − CH3
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 1
(3) we,alSk j,g 𝐁𝐫𝟐 wdl,kh (fn%dañkSlrKh)
Br Br
Br2 (l) fyda
CH3 CH = CH2 CH3 − CH − CH3
Br2 /CCl4
hdka;%Kh :-
+
Br Br Br
−
:
CH3 CH = CH2 Br δ+
− Br δ− CH3 CH − CH2 Br CH3 − CH − CH3
OH
1. id' H2 SO4
CH3 CH CH3 − CH − CH3
2. H2 O
= CH
hdka;%Kh :-
O O
+ −
: :
:O − S − O − H
: :
O O
OH
H2 O O − SO2 OH
H2 SO4 + CH3 − CH − CH3
(c, úÉfPaokh i|yd CH3 − CH − CH3
jl% B;, ±laùu wjYH ke;')
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 2
(5) fnkaiSka khsfg%dlrKh
hdka;%Kh :-
I mshjr
:
HO − NO2 + H2 SO4 HSO−
4 + H − O − NO2 NO2+ + H2 O
H
II mshjr
+ +
NO2
NO2
III mshjr
+
−
:
a)
CH3 Cl /
CH3
ks¾' AlCl3
hdka;%Kh :-
+ −
CH3 − Cl + AlCl3 CH3 − ClAlCl3
+
+ − H
CH3 − ClAlCl3 −
CH3 + AlCl4
+
H −
AlCl4 CH3 + AlCl3 + HCl
CH3
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 3
CH3
b) (CH3 )3 CCl /
C − CH3
ks¾' AlCl3
CH3
hdka;%Kh :-
CH3 CH3
−
CH3 − C − Cl + AlCl3 CH3 − C + + AlCl4
CH3 CH3
CH3 + H
+
C − CH3 CH3
C
CH3 CH3
CH3
+ H −
AlCl4 CH3
CH3 C − CH3 + AlCl3 + HCl
C
CH3 CH3
CH3
O
O
R − C − Cl /
C−R
ks¾' AlCl3
hdka;%Kh :-
O
+ −
: :
+ +
R−C=O H
C−R
+ O
H −
AlCl4 C−R + AlCl3 + HCl
C−R
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 4
(8) fnkaiSka ye,ckSlrKh
Cl2
Cl
ks¾' FeCl3
hdka;%Kh :-
+ −
Cl2 + FeCl3 Cl − ClFeCl3
+
+ − H
Cl − ClFeCl3 −
Cl + FeCl4
+
H −
FeCl4 Cl + FeCl3 + HCl
Cl
(1) bj;aùu
(2) kshqla,sfhda*s,sl wdfoaY
a) m%d:ñl we,alhs,a fya,hsv
b) ;D;shsl we,alhs,a fya,hsv
(9) bj;aùu
B−
CH3 CH2 CH2 − Br CH3 CH = CH2 + BH + Br −
hdka;%Kh :-
B−
H H H
CH3 − C − C − Br CH3 − C = C + BH + Br −
H H H H
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 5
(10) kshqla,sfhda*s,sl wdfoaY
−
Nu−
: CH3 δ+ − Br δ− CH3 − Nu + Br
I mshjr
CH3 CH3
−
CH3 − C − Br CH3 − C + + Br
CH3 CH3
II mshjr
CH3 CH3
+
CH3 − C CH3 − C − Nu
−
:
CH3 Nu CH3
CH3 CH − O − H HBr
CH3 CH2 − Br + H2 O
hdka;%Kh :-
+ −
:
:
: :
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 6
we,aäyhsv yd lSfgdak j, m%;sl%shd hdka;%K
O OH
CH3 − C − CH3 HCN
CH3 − C − CH3
CN
hdka;%Kh :-
HCN H+ + CN −
−
O :O:
:
OH
+
CH3 − C − CH3 H CH3 − C − CH3
CH3 − C − CH3
CN CN
:
−
CN
O OH
1) R− MgCl+
CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − CH3
2) H3 O+
R
hdka;%Kh :-
I mshjr
O −
O
CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − CH3
R
R− MgCl+
II mshjr
−
O OH
H3 O+
CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − CH3
(jl% B;, ±laùu
R R
wjYH ke;')
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 7
(14) wefudakh
S / weók iu`. m%;sl%shdj
O N−R
R − NH2
CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − CH3 + H2 O
hdka;%Kh :-
−
O :O :
:
OH
CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − CH3
+ R − N:
:
R − NH2 R−N−H
H
H
OH
úc,kh N−R
CH3 − C − CH3
(−H2 O) CH3 − C − CH3 + H2 O
R − N:
H
NO2
O NO2
H2 N − NH NO2
CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C = N − NH NO2
CH3
hdka;%Kh :-
−
O :O : H
:
NO2
+
CH3 − C − CH3 CH3 − C − N −NH NO2
NO2 CH3 H
:
H2 N −NH NO2
OH NO2
CH3 − C − N −NH NO2
CH3 H
OH NO2 NO2
úc,kh
CH3 − C − N −NH NO2 CH3 − C = N −NH NO2
(−H2 O)
CH3 H CH3
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 8
(16) iajhx ix>kkh
O OH
NaOH(aq)
CH3 − C − H CH3 − CH − CH2 − CHO
hdka;%Kh :-
OH −
H
H − C − CHO CH2− − CHO + H2 O
H
O −
O
CH3 − C − H CH3 − C − H
CH2 − CHO
CH2− − CHO
O− OH
H2 O + OH −
CH3 − C − H CH3 − C − H
CH2 − CHO CH2 − CHO
(17) tiagÍlrKh
O O
;' H2 SO4
CH3 − C − OH + CH3 CH2 OH CH3 − C − O − CH2 CH3
hdka;%Kh :-
−
O :O:
:
OH
CH3 − C − OH CH3 − C − OH CH3 − C − OH
+ CH3 CH2 − O
:
(−H2 O)
O
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 9
(18) wï, laf,darhsv NdIañl c, úÉfPaokh
O O O
NaOH NaOH
CH3 − C − Cl CH3 − C − OH CH3 − C − O− Na+
hdka;%Kh :-
−
O :O : O
:
CH3 − C − Cl CH3 − C − Cl CH3 − C − OH + C l−
− OH
OH :
O O
NaOH
CH3 − C − OH CH3 − C − O− Na+
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 10
igyka...
wñ, oikdhl - fyd`ou mdr yßhg u okafka 𝐴 mdf¾ fl<jrgu .sh flfkla 11