Assignment

Epidemiology and community Medicine

Health structure of Pakistan

Muhammad Luqman
BS-AHS MLT 6TH Semester

Submitted To: Mr. Anees- Ur - Rahman

Dated: 23rd / Jan / 2023
 Health structure of Pakistan

The health structure of Pakistan includes several levels of care, including primary,
secondary, and tertiary care.

1. Primary care: is provided by community health workers, lady health

workers, and basic health units. These facilities offer basic health services
such as vaccinations, maternal and child health care, and disease prevention
and management improving understanding of patterns and clinical
significance of common symptoms and conditions seen in primary care.
2. Providing information that can optimize the efficient use of primary care
services.
3. Providing a framework for the design and targeting of feasible and
acceptable interventions.
Secondary care: is provided by rural health centers and district headquarters
hospitals. These facilities offer more advanced services such as diagnostic testing,
minor surgeries, and specialized care for specific conditions.
Secondary care is characterized as treatment that isn't delivered as the first point
of contact for that individual. It might be a doctor who is a specialist in a
particular disease or condition, or a clinic or care provider that's dedicated to a
particular area are the smaller, non-departmentalized hospitals including
emergency and regional hospitals. - Services offered to patients with symptomatic
stages of disease, which require moderately specialized knowledge and technical
resources for adequate treatment.

Secondary care is more specialized and focuses on helping patients who are
struggling with more severe or complex health conditions requiring the support of
a specialist. Secondary care simply means you will be taken care of by someone
who has more specific expertise about your condition.
Tertiary care: is provided by teaching hospitals and specialized medical centers.
These facilities offer advanced medical services such as complex surgeries,
specialized diagnostic testing, and specialized care for serious illnesses. Tertiary
Health care refers to a third level of health system, in which specialized
consultative care is provided usually on referral from primary and secondary
medical care.

Specialized Intensive Care Units, advanced diagnostic support services and

specialized medical personnel on the key features of tertiary health care. In India,
under public health system, tertiary care service is provided by medical colleges
and advanced medical research institutes

In addition to this formal structure, there are also private hospitals and clinics,
traditional healers and alternative medicine providers, and a large informal sector
of untrained providers.
 Epidemiology in Pakistan faces various challenges such as lack of access to
primary healthcare facilities and inadequate funding for public health programs,
shortage of trained healthcare workers, poor health infrastructure, and limited
surveillance systems

Overall, the health system in Pakistan is in need of significant reform and

investment to improve access to quality care and address the major health
challenges facing the population.

Public health: This level includes services such as disease surveillance, health
promotion, and public health education. It is provided by government agencies
and non-governmental organizations.

The health structure of Pakistan is comprised of several levels, including the

federal, provincial, and district levels. The Ministry of National Health Services,
Regulations, and Coordination is the main federal government body
responsible for overall health policy and regulation. The provinces, including
Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, have their own health
departments that are responsible for implementing health policies and
programs within their respective regions.

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Overall, the health structure of Pakistan is facing many challenges such as
inadequate funding, shortage of health care professionals, inadequate
infrastructure and lack of access to health care in rural areas, especially for people
living below the poverty line

The epidemiology a would be to conduct an analysis of the current health

structure and identify any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This
could include looking at factors such as access to healthcare, health outcomes,
health expenditure, and the effectiveness of current health policies and program

Thank you