INTRODUCTION

1. Watch the BBC clip about the Great Green Wall (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xls7K_xFBQ).
Can you remember information related to the following list of expected consequences of the
Green Wall?

Increase water
resources
Grow species
that are adapted
to the climate
Stop
desertification of
the land
Stop mass
migration

Fight the effects

of climate change
Create green jobs
and provide
income for
families
Encourage the
use of renewable
energies and
small local
commerce
Improve food
security and
health for
millions of
people in the
region
EUROPE
2. Complete the text about Europe:
 Europe is mainly ______________, with a ______________average altitude. It is separated from
Asia by the ______________________and ______________mountains and the ____________river.

 In terms of relief, it can be divided in three areas: The Great ______________________, the
______________mountain ranges and the ______________mountains.

 The coast of Europe is irregular. It has many islands, gulfs and capes. There are large
______________, such as Italy. There are many big ______________, such as Iceland, Ireland or
Great Britain. There are also large continental seas, such as the ____________________________.
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 3. Match the elements in the columns:
Altitude is high

1. Oldest mountain ranges Altitude is low because of erosion

Centre and east of Europe

2. Great European Plain Southern Europe

Crossed by the main European rivers

3. Alpine mountains Alpes, Pirineos, Balcáns, Cárpatos e Cáucaso

Montes Escandinavos, Urais, Vosgos, Macizo

Central Francés
4. Where do European rivers flow into? What are the characteristics of each basin? Complete the
table:

Rivers Pechora ● Don ● Volga ● Po ● Tajo ● Loire ● Rhine ● Danube ● Rhône ● Oder ● Ebro

Characteristics High flow because of rain● They freeze in the winter ● Irregular flow ● Very long

Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Black Sea Caspian Sea

Sea
Pechora Oder Po Don Volga
Rhine Ebro Danube
Tajo Rhone
Loire

Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics:

They freeze in the High flow because Irregular flow Very long Very long
winter of rain

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 5. Locate the following relief features in the map in exercise 9. Identify also the oceans that
surround Europe:
Mountain ranges Coastal relief
Scandinavian Mountains Baltic Sea (Mar Báltico)
(Montes Escandinavos) Rivers North Sea
Ural Mountains (Urais) Islands Pechora (Mar do Norte)
Alps (Alpes) Iceland (Islandia) Oder Aegean Sea (Mar Exeo)
Pyrenees (Pirineos) Ireland (Irlanda) Rhine (Rín) Black Sea (Mar Negro)
Balkan Mountains Great Britain Loire (Loira) Strait of Gibraltar
(Cordilleira dos Balcáns) (Gran Bretaña) Rhône (Ródano) (Estreito de Xibraltar)
Carpathian Mountains Corsica (Córsega) Po Cape Finisterre (Cabo Fisterra)
(Cordilleira dos Sardinia (Serdeña) Ebro Peninsulas
Cárpatos) Sicily (Sicilia) Tajo Scandinavian peninsula
Plains Crete (Creta) Danube (Danubio) (Península Escandinava)
North European Plain Cyprus (Chipre) Dnieper Iberian peninsula (Península
(Grande Chaira Balearic Islands Dniester Ibérica)
Europea) (Illas Baleares) Don Italian peninsula (Península
Lakes Volga Italiana)
Lake Onega Balkan peninsula(Península
Lake Ladoga Balcánica)
6. Complete the crossword. Find ten units of the European relief.

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 7. Complete the table about the climates of Europe. Use the numbers in the following exercise to
complete the vegetation section:

Bari Country: Italy Grenivik Country: Iceland

Climate: Mediterranean Climate: Mediterranean

Location: Around the Mediterranean Sea Location: Around the Mediterranean Sea

Temperatures: Mild winters and hot summers Temperatures: Mild winters and hot summers

Precipitation: Scarce, mainly in autumn and spring Precipitation: Scarce, ma

Vegetation: 5 Vegetation: 5

Climate zone: Temperate Climate zone: Temperate

Kiev Country: Ukraine Zermatt Country: Switzerland

Climate: Mediterranean Climate: Mediterranean

Location: Around the Mediterranean Sea Location: Around the Mediterranean Sea

Temperatures: Mild winters and hot summers Temperatures: Mild winters and hot summers

Precipitation: Scarce, ma Precipitation: Scarce, ma

Vegetation: 5 Vegetation: 5

Climate zone: Temperate Climate zone: Temperate

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 Climate: Mediterranean

Location: Around the Mediterranean Sea

Temperatures: Mild winters and hot summers

Precipitation: Scarce, ma

Vegetation: 5

Climate zone: Temperate

Bruxelas (Belgium) Country: Belgium
8. What kind of vegetation do you think you will find in the region of each of these cities?
❶
◄

❷
►
❸ ❺▲
◄

❹
►
9. Cross out the type of vegetation that is not found in Europe. Then match the right vegetation to
its landscape:

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 10. Map of Europe:

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 AFRICA
11. True or false? Identify the correct sentences and correct the false sentences about Africa:

 Africa is surrounded by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It is separated from Europe by the Suez
Canal, and from Asia by the Estreito de Xibraltar.

 In Africa there are several deserts, such as the Sahara or the Kalahari

 The coasts of Africa are mainly irregular: it has many gulfs and capes.

 Around the Great Rift Valley (Gran Val do Rift), there are many volcanoes. Their altitude is very low.
There are also many lakes in this area.

 Rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean are long and have an abundant flow, such as the Congo river.

 Rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea, are long and have an abundant flow, except for the Nile
River.

 Other rivers flow into the Indian Ocean, such as the Niger river.

 Cold climates predominate in Africa.

12. Complete the table with the climates and landscapes of Africa.
CLIMATES LANDSCAPES

Between the
Tropics

North and south

of the continent

Highest regions

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 13. Locate the following relief features in the map in exercise 15. Identify also the oceans that
surround Africa:
Coastal relief
Deserts Rivers
Lakes Gulf of Guinea
Sahara Nile (Río Nilo)
Victoria Cape of Good Hope
Kalahari Niger (Río Níxer)
Turkana (Cabo de Boa
Mountain ranges Congo Esperanza)
Volcanoes
Atlas Mountains Zambezi (Río Zambeze) Mediterranean Sea
Kilimanjaro
Drakensberg Outros (Mar Mediterráneo)
Islands
Mountains Great Rift Valley (Gran Val do
Madagascar Red Sea
Rift)
(Mar Vermello)

14. Complete the crossword with units of the African relief.

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 15. Identify the climate of these cities. Place them in the map below. Using different colours, identify
the hot, temperate and cold climatic areas of Africa in the map.

Country: Egypt Country: Morocco

Cairo Rabat
Climate: Hot desert Climate: Mediterranean

Country: South Africa Country: Uganda

Johannesburg Kampala
Climate: Oceanic Climate: Equatorial

Country: Zambia
Lusaka
Climate: Tropical

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 16. Map of Africa.

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 AMERICA
17. Use the information in page 96 to complete the text about America:

 America is surrounded by __________________ oceans: the __________________, the

__________________ and __________________ Oceans.

 The continent is divided into three sub-continents, __________________, Central America and
__________________.

 The coast of North America is irregular; it has many __________________, __________________ and
__________________. The coast of South America is more regular.

 Rivers that flow into the Atlantic ocean are __________________ and have a __________________
flow, like the __________________ river in South America or the __________________ river in North
America.

 There are many lakes, including the __________________, which are between Canada and the United
States.

 Because it is so long, America has a very wide range of __________________ and

__________________. All climates are present in America.

18. Locate the following relief features in the map in exercise 18. Identify also the oceans that
surround America:
Mountain ranges Peninsulas Rivers Coastal relief
Rocky Mountains California Amazon (Amazonas) Gulf of Mexico
(Montañas Rochosas) Florida Orinoco (Golfo de México)
Andes Yucatán Mississippi Caribbean Sea
Apalachians (Apalaches) Labrador River Plate (Río da (Mar Caribe)
Plains Alaska Prata) Cape Horn (Cabo de
Great Plains Islands Lakes Fornos)
(Grandes Chairas) Antilles Great Lakes Deserts
Plateaus (Arquipélago das (Grandes Lagos) Atacama
Altiplano Antillas) Lake Titicaca Colorado

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 19. Complete the crossword with eight units of the American relief.

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 20. Map of America.

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 21. Climates and landscapes in America: read the information on page 126 and look at the map on
page 127. Compare this map with the political maps below.

a) Imagine that you work in a travel agency. What city/country would you recommend to a client
that wants to…. (Afterwards, place the number in the map).

1. Visit the rainforest:

2. Walk in a taiga forest:
3. Experience a hot winter in a savannah landscape:
4. Experience the coldest temperatures and see the tundra:
5. Visit an area that has a similar climate to Galicia.
6. Visit an area that has a similar climate to Málaga.
7. Go to a place that is very high in the mountains.

ASIA
22. True or false? Correct the false sentences.

 The Atlantic, the Indian and the Pacific oceans surround Asia.

 Asia has a very low average altitude because it has very tall mountain ranges and high plateaus.

 The coast of Asia is irregular, and has many gulfs and peninsulas.

 Asian rivers are usually short and their flow is low.

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 23. Find the following information:
 The highest mountain in the world is __________________________________________________.

 The highest plateau in the world is ____________________________________________________.

 The largest lake in the world is _______________________________________________________.

 The deepest lake in the world is ______________________________________________________.

24. Locate the following relief features in the map in exercise 26. Identify also the oceans that
surround Asia:
Islands and
archipelagos
Japanese archipelago Peninsulas
Plateaus
(Arquipélago Xaponés) Arabian Peninsula
Tibet
Indonesia Indian Peninsula
Mountain ranges Rivers
Philippine Islands Indochina Peninsula
Himalaya Obi
(Illas Filipinas) Korean Peninsula
Ural mountains Indus (Río Indo)
Sri Lanka Lakes
Mount Everest Ganges (Río Ganxes)
Taiwan Lake Baikal
Plains Yangtze
Coastal relief Caspian Sea (Mar
Siberian plain Huang He
Caspio)
(Chaira siberiana) Persian Gulf Mekong
Aral Sea (Mar de Aral)
(Golfo Pérsico) Ural
Dead Sea (Mar Morto)
Bay of Bengal
(Baía de Bengala)
25. Complete the crossword with eight units of the Asian relief.

Unit 6. The continents

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 26. Climates and landscapes in Asia. Answer the questions:
a) Asia has all types of climates except for one. Which one?
b) Locate the following Asian cities in the map below. Find their climate and landscape using the
map on page 126, and match them correctly in the columns.

1. Shanghai Country: Cold desert

2. Bagdad Country: Equatorial rainforest

3. Vientiane Country: Mountain landscape

4. Bilibino Country: Hot desert

5. Ulan Bator Country: Savannah

6. Lhasa Country: (Chinese) Similar to mediterranean

7. Kuala Lumpur Country: Polar landscape

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 27. Map of Asia:

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 OCEANIA
28. True or false? Correct the false sentences:

 Oceania is the biggest continent. Oceania is the smallest continent

 It is formed by three islands. It is formed by thousands of islands

 Polynesia is the largest of Oceania’s islands. Australia is the largest of Oceania’s islands

 Most of Oceania is close to the Tropic of Capricorn so it has mostly temperate climates.

 The climate is temperate in parts of Australia and New Zealand. True

 A desert climate is found in inland Melanesia. A desert climate is found in inland Australia.

29. Locate the following relief features in the map in exercise 30. Identify also the oceans that
surround Oceania.
Mountain ranges Deserts Islands and archipelagos Melanesia Polynesia
Great Dividing Great Victoria Australia Micronesia Hawaii
Range Desert New Zealand (Nova New Guinea Samoa
(Gran Cordilleira (Gran Deserto Zelandia) (Nova Guinea)
Divisioria) Vitoria)

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 30. Map of Oceania

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 ANTARCTICA
31. Find the basic information about Antarctica:

 Hemisphere:

 Surface area: 14 million km2

 Percentage of Earth’s fresh water in Antarctica: 80

 Percentage of land surface covered in ice: 98

 Average altitude: 2000m

 Animal species: penguins, seals and sea-lions

 Plant species: lichen, algae and moss

 Average temperature:

 Lowest temperature recorded:

 Population (numbers):

 Population (activities):

STATES OF THE WORLD

32. Complete the table and locate the information in the map:

COUNTRY CAPITAL CITY COUNTRY CAPITAL CITY COUNTRY CAPITAL CITY

Canada Libya Mongolia

USA Morocco Singapore

In Galician: In Galician: In Galician:

Mexico Mali China

Dominican Egypt Saudi Arabia

Republic In Galician: In Galician:
In Galician:

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 Cuba Kenya Vietnam

Mexico Zambia Iraq

Colombia Ethiopia India

Venezuela Cameroon Turkey

In Galician: In Galician:

Chile Tanzania Malaysia

Argentina South Africa Japan

In Galician: In Galician:

Brazil Democratic South Korea

Republic of In Galician:
Congo

Peru Nigeria Iran

Bolivia Mozambique Pakistan

33. Complete the table and locate the information in the map:

COUNTRY In Galician CAPITAL CITY COUNTRY In Galician CAPITAL CITY

Iceland Austria

Italy Switzerland

Romania Ukraine

France Portugal

United Norway
Kingdom

Greece Sweden

Ireland Czech
Republic

Netherlands Denmark

Hungary Poland

Belgium Russia

Germany Bulgaria

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 34. Map of the world.

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 35. Map of Europe.

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Unit 6. The continents
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