MACROMOLECULES

 Biomolecules
 They are organic compounds
o Organic molecules - carbon-containing compounds
o Macromolecules – large organic molecules

CARBON

 4 electrons in the outer shell

 It can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms
 It can bond with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen
CARBON LINKAGES

 Single chains
 Rings
 4 types of biomolecules often consist of large carbon chains
Methane

Propane
Benzene

POLYMERS

 Long molecules consisting of many similar or identical

building blocks linked by covalent bonds
 Long organic molecules consisting of subunits of monomers
MONOMERS

 Repeating units that serve as building blocks of a polymer

 The subunits

DEHYDRATION REACTION / DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION
 Making of polymers out of monomers
  The “build up”
 Removing water
 MONOMERS to POLYMERS

HYDROLYSIS REACTION

 Water is needed to be able to break down polymer to a monomer

 POLYMER to MONOMER

4 MACROMOLECULES
 CARBOHYDRATES
 Anything related to sugar
 Primary source of energy and provide structural support
 PROTEINS
 Catalyzing reactions & transporting substances into and out of cells
 Ex. Channel proteins, Insulin, Keratin, Collagen, Enzyme
 NUCLEIC ACIDS
 Store genetic information & function in gene expression
 Found in DNA & RNA
 LIPIDS
 Group of diverse molecules that do not mix well with water
 Provides energy, making up cell membrane, acting as hormones
 NOT A POLYMER / MACROMOLECULES

CARBOHYDRATES