CASE STUDY NO.

6 IN PCS1 - STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

SUPPORT SETTLEMENTS

MA. JOBEC D. SALAMEŇA

ABSTRACT: This study attempts to investigate how members behave when

applied settlement is applied to both inner and outside support. The support was
subjected to a settlement that would result in the maximum moment, shear, and
axial forces. This study compares the effects of settlement on pinned and fixed
supports that are located inside and outside of structures. Results reveal a small
difference in the inner support between the two supports, and that the fixed
support is significantly larger than the pinned supported frame on the outer
support. The results summary, analysis, and conclusion are displayed.

1. INTRODUCTION
A back settlement happens when a better greatness was applied on the structures
which will influence its serviceability. Impacts on soil amid seismic tremors is one of the
causes of back settlement. Differential settlement is mostly the concern in structures
comparing with other settlements because it includes inside stresses and will be created
on a part. It is competent on actuating splits and may cause basic disappointment. Hence,
the impacts of settlement must be taken into thought in planning structures. In this think
about, insides and outside back will be subjected on a differential settlement.
2. STRUCTURAL MODEL AND LOADS

Figure 1: Frame Geometry

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Case A: Interior Support Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 2: Deformation due to Support Settlement on Pinned Support

Case A: Interior Support Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 3: Deformation due to Support Settlement on Fixed Support

OBSERVATION
Base on the Figure 2 and 3, it show the deformation of pinned and fixed supports. The
maximum displacement for the pinned and fixed supported frame in Case A (internal
support) is 20 mm at the bottom and 20 mm at the top, where settling occurred. On the other
hand, Case B's (external support) maximum displacement for the pinned and fixed
supported frame is 26.456 mm at the top and 23.144 mm at the bottom, where settlement
took place. When the settlement occurs, it generates curves on the members, and when the
support is observed, it is clear that the displacement is generally more than when the support
is farther from the settlement. Furthermore, the frame's sway has higher values. The pinned
support releases more displacement than the other supported frame when compared to fixed
support

Case A: Interior Support Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 4: Moment Diagram due to Support Settlement on Pinned Support

 Case A: Interior Support Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 5: Moment Diagram due to Support Settlement on Fixed Support

OBSERVATION
Based in Figures 4 and 5 show the bending moment for each supported frame. The
difference between the two support in the interior frame has not that much different. The
maximum magnitude of positive moment in Case A (interior Support) for pinned support
is 2061.072kNm and for fixed support is 263.910kNm both acting at beam 13. For
Exterior Support the fixed frame support has a larger moment compare to pinned frame
support. The maximum magnitude of positive moment for pinned support is
213.181kNm and for fixed support is 223.041kNm both acting at beam 14. The maximal
negative moment has been seen in a manner similar to this. The maximum negative
moment acting on beam 13 for Case A (interior support) for the pinned support is
347.060 kNm, whereas the maximum negative moment acting on beam 13 for the fixed
supported frame is 348.088 kNm. The maximum negative moment acting on beam 14 for
Case B (external support) for the pinned support is -126.476 kNm, whereas the
maximum negative moment acting on beam 14 for the fixed supported frame is -142.090
kNm. The outcome demonstrates that, in comparison to a fixed support that releases
bigger magnitudes, the end moment for the pinned supported frame has a zero-moment.
Higher magnitudes are produced by closer settlements than by farther ones, and smaller
magnitudes are produced by farther settlements. The moment at the higher floor of the
frame is also greater than the moment at the lower floor.

Case A: Interior Support Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 6: Shear Diagram due to Support Settlement on Pinned Support

 Case A: Interior Support Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 7: Shear Diagram due to Support Settlement on Fixed Support

OBSERVATION
Base in Figures 6 and 7 it shows the shear force diagrams. The maximum magnitude
of positive shear force for pinned support is 161.222kN and for fixed support is 162.189
the difference between the two frames Case A (interior support) is not that much both
acting at beam 13. For exterior support the maximum magnitude positive shear force for
fixed support is 128.602kN and for pinned support is 120.111kN both acting at beam 14
and the fixed support has a larger shear force than pinned supported frame. For Cases A
and B, observations for the highest negative shear force are switched. For Case A, the
maximum negative shear force on the fixed support is slightly more than for Case B's
pinned supported frame. The highest negative shear on beam 14 in Case A for the
permanent support was -186.156 kN, whereas the maximum negative shear on beam 14
for the pinned supported frame was -178.957 kN. The maximum negative shear operating
on beam 13 for the fixed support in Case B (external support) is -68.908 kN, whereas the
maximum negative shear acting on beam 13 for the pinned supported frame is -70.002 kN.
Where settlement has occurred, it has been observed that the members produce more
shear.

Case A: Interior Support

Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 8: Axial Diagram due to Support Settlement on Pinned Support

 Case A: Interior Support

Case B: Exterior Support

Figure 9: Axial Diagram due to Support Settlement on Fixed Support

OBSERVATION
The comparison of pinned and fixed support on axial forces is shown in Figures 8 and
9. Results reveal a small difference in the maximum positive axial force on Case A (interior
support) between the two supported frames. Both the maximum positive axial for the fixed
supported frame and the pinned supported frame operate on beam 2 with forces of Fx =
402.869 and 403.644 kN, respectively. On the other hand, Case B's (the external support for
the fixed supported frame) maximum positive axial force is comparatively greater than that of
the other support. On Beam 3, there is a maximum positive axial force of Fx = 371.770 kN
for pinned support and Fx = 378.425 kN for fixed supported frame. The conclusion is that
Cases A and B's fixed supported frames are subject to greater negative forces at their
maximum than the pinned supported frames.

Table 1: Summary of Beam End Forces on Pinned Support (Interior)

Table 2: Summary of Beam End Forces on Fixed Support (Interior)

 Tables 1 and 2 shows the summary of loads, the maximum and minimum forces
acting on beam for pinned and fixed supported frame. Result shows that the end
forces acting on interior support for pinned and fixed support is not far apart. The
result varies due to the constraints acting on each support.

Table 3: Summary of Beam End Forces on Pinned Support (Exterior)

Table 4: Summary of Beam End Forces on Fixed Support (Exterior)

Tables 3 and 4 shows the summary of loads, the maximum and minimum forces
acting on beam for pinned and fixed supported frame. Result shows that the end
forces acting on exterior support fixed support is relatively larger than the pinned
support. The result varies due to the constraints acting on each support.

4. CONCLUSION
Settlement of the support results in deformation and increases internal strains. Higher
magnitudes are produced by closer settlements than by farther ones, and smaller magnitudes
are produced by farther settlements. Because it is unable to withstand the loads operating on
the member, the column is settling. For pinned and fixed support, the forces acting on the
inner support have a little change towards the end. The result varies as a result of the limits
that are placed on each support, but the end pressures operating on external on fixed support
are significantly more than the pinned support.