HISTORICAL SOURCES

TOPIC

PRIMARY SOURCES

WHAT ARE PRIMARY SOURCES?

-A primary sources is a first-hand or contemporary account of an event.

- They are the most direct evidence of a time or event because they were created
by people or things that were there at the time or event.
- These sources have not been modified by interpretation and offer original
thought or new information.
- Primary sources are original materials regardless of format.

EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

-Archive and manuscript material

-Photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, films.
-Journals, letters and diaries.
-Speeches.
-Scrapbooks
-Government publications.
-Oral histories.

SECONDARY SOURCES

WHAT ARE SECONDARY SOURCES?

-Are those sources which produced by an author who use primary sources to
produce the material.
- Information created by someone who was not present at the event.
- Interpret and analyze the primary sources by attempting to explain, analyze or
summarize it.

EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY SOURCES

-Periodicals
-History
-Commentaries
-Critiques

INTERNAL CRITICISM

WHAT ARE INTERNAL CRIRICISM?

-Is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It look at the contents of
the source and examines the circumstances of its production.
-Determine the reliability by correctly interpreting the contents of the document.

TWO KINDS OF INTERNAL CRITICISM

INTERNAL CRITICISM ARE 2 TWO KINDS- NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE.

NEGATIVE CRITICISM - IS TO EXAMINE THAT IF HE WAS IN A POSITION TO TELL

THE TRUTH.

POSITIVE CRITICISM - IS TO FIND OUT WHETHER HE HAS SAID THE TRUTH.

IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL CRITICISM

-To check the credibility of the document whether the contents given in it are
believable or not.

EXTERNAL CRITICISM

WHAT ARE EXTERNAL CRIRICISM?

-IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS LOWER CRITICISM.

- IS A TOOL USED BY HISTORIANS AND EXEGETES TO DETERMINE THE VALIDITY OF
A DOCUMENT, PARTICULARLY A DOCUMENT WITH SOME SORT OF HISTORICAL
SIGNIFICANCE.
- IT IS THE FIRST OF TWO STAGES OF INQUIRY FOR IT IS FOLLOWED BY INTERNAL
CRITICISM.

IMPORTANCE OF EXTERNAL CRITICISM

-Check the validity of a source to verify whether its authentic.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PHILIPPINES

OVERVIEW
Historiography of the Philippines refers to the studies, sources, critical methods
and interpretations used by scholars to study the history of the Philippines. The
Philippine archipelago has been part of many empires before the Spanish empire
has arrived in the 16th century.

The historiography of the Philippines includes historical and archival research and

writing on the history of the Philippine archipelago including the islands of Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao.
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Historiography is important for a wide range of reasons. First, it helps us
understand why historical events have been interpreted so differently over time.
In other words, historiography helps us examine not only history itself, but also
the broader overlying characteristics that shape the recording of history itself.

History serve as a guide of every filipino for present and future plans.
Strengthens our sense of nationalism.
Therefore, as part of this country, we must know our root, and be proud of our
nationality.