H LC 2 603

INTRODUCTION
TO HALAL
TESTING
NUR EZ Z ATUL NATASSHA BT RUSLI
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
AT THE END OF THE SESSION, STUDENT
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

• STA T E T H E PURP OSE O F HA LA L A NA LYT ICA L

L A B O R A T ORY .
• D I SCU SS T H E ROLE O F HA LA L SCI EN C E AN D HA LA L
A N A L Y SI S .
• STA T E T H E FACTORS T O BE C ON SI D ERED W HEN
D ESI G N I N G LA BORA TORY .
• D ESC R I BE THE SECTIONS IN THE HALA L
L A B O R A T ORY .
• I D ENT I F Y HA LAL LABO RAT O RY FA C ILI T I ES IN
MA LA YSI A FOR MA LA YSI A H A LA L CERT I FI CA TION .
• D I SCU SS T H E FU NCTION O F HA LA L LA BO RATO R Y
I N T SR U MEN TS .
 1
INTRODUCTION
TO HALAL
LABORATORY
THE INCREASING OCCURRENCE OF FOOD
FRAUDS IN TODAY’S FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN
HAS BROUGHT THE FOOD SCIENTISTS
AND REGULATORS TOGETHER TO
IMPLEMENT SOLUTIONS AND
PREVENTION OF FOOD FRAUD.

A halal testing laboratory is a laboratory

specialized in halal analysis (for the entire
supply chain of food and non-food products)
using state-of-the-art equipment and
facilities

FOOD FRAUD VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3Z6qi1B-GU

 Illegal Meat Cartel Syndicate
in Malaysia

• Malaysia was shocked by the news of the arrest of 1,500 tons of

illegal meat cartel smuggling syndicate from four foreign
countries, namely China, Ukraine, Brazil and Argentina at the
end of year 2020.

• The meat cartel syndicate has been exposed and this criminal
case has opened the eyes of various parties as it is believed to
have been established in Malaysia for many years.

• These criminal syndicates cover a wide range of issues including

the safety of imported meat, supply chain integrity, illegal
slaughterhouses and non-halal meat processing.
 Issue Of Illegal
Meat Cartels

C ATE G O RY O F F O O D C R I ME TE R MI N OLOGY ( S O U RCE : R E S E AR CHER AN AL Y S I S )

Two biggest forms of food threat that threaten the integrity of

halalan tayyiban, namely food contamination and food crime.
 WHY LABORATORY TESTING?
• Adulteration of food or non-food products with non-halal ingredients has
become a common issue in many countries including Malaysia.

• ADULTERATION is the act on intentionally taking the form of substitution

of one species for another. It can also involve the replacement of costly
ingredients with inferior or cheaper substitutes.

• Adulteration usually change appearance, taste, composition, or other

characteristics, which resulted in decrease of quality. These unethical
practices clearly violate the consumer rights in getting halal product/food.

• Thus the verification and authentication of halal products is highly

demanded. Reliable scientific methods are required for analysis of non-
halal components in halal products.
WHAT IS LABORATORY?
• A laboratory can be defined as a controlled room or building in which scientific
equipment are equipped to perform an experiment, research, analysis,
calibration, or measurement.

• The laboratory is responsible for analyzing samples to detect, identify, and

quantify contaminant; as well as for analyzing specimens.
ROLE OF HALAL SCIENCE:
Halal Science to verify and certify
• For a product to be deemed halal, the ingredients are to be
scrutinized. And although the product may be manufactured or
owned by Muslims, it is good to monitor and confirm of its halal
status through scientific approaches.

• The role of halal science laboratory is essential in determining the

halal status of raw materials in products. It works as a reference
and a source of scientific evidence in halal product verification.

• Lab analysis can be use to fulfill the requirements of halal

certification when auditing the product. It is as reference to
ensure that ingredients of their products are free from forbidden
(haram) ingredients.
 ROLE OF HALAL ANALYSIS

• Halal verification plays an important role

based on the result of lab tests which
verifies the ingredients of the product to be
free from ingredients that are haram.

• However, analysis being done on the

ingredients doesn’t solely focus on alcohol
and porcine DNA presents, but also on the
safety and purity of a product.
 2
HALAL
LABORATORY
DESIGN
Halal Analytical laboratory
A HA L A L A NA L Y TICAL L ABO RATO RY IS A N INTE GRA TE D UNITS O F
INF RA STRUCTURE S WHE RE TE STS A RE USUA L L Y DO NE BA SE D O N
THE CHA RA CTE RI STIC OF THE SAMPL E (COMPOSI TI O N, STRUCTURE ,
PHY SICO CHE MICA L PRO PE RTIE S A ND SE NSO RY A TTRIBUTE S).

It is designed to enhance the delivery of

se r v ice s and sup p o rt p r o grammes.

According to GLP, GMP, and ISO 17025 standard, the facility and
environmental condition of the halal laboratory must be properly designed
for it intended purpose. The analysis must be carried out at recognized
laboratories which are usually accredited based on `International
Organization for Standardization 17025' (ISO 17025)
Factors to Consider When
Designing a Laboratory
Space for Work and Equipment

Proper Ventilation Systems

Proper Plumbing, Gas, and Electrical Fixtures

Safety and Accessibility

SECTIONS IN HALAL LAB
•TO ENSURE THE QUALITY, VALIDITY OF THE SERVIC ES
PROVIDED, TO AND FOR SAFETY PURPOSE S

THE LABORATORY IS GENERAL LY DIVIDED INTO

DIFFER E NT SECTION S THAT INCLUDE:

• Dry lab
• Wet laboratories
• Office area
• An d oth er spaces with varyin g
degrees of ch emical use an d h azards.
 WET LABORATORY

• Used for la bo r a t o ry t e stin g o r r esear ch

wher e chemi cals, dr ugs, o r other mater i al
o r bi ologi cal matter ar e tested an d
an alyzed r equi r i n g w a t e r
• For r esear c h me t ho do lo gy that r equi r es
speci al equi pment (e . g. , ben ch space,
si nk s, fume hoods) that en ables the ar ea
t o be used fo r sample pr epar ati on an d
testi ng .
 DRY LABORATORY

• Speci fi c t o w o rk wi t h dr y stored materi als,

electr on ics, and/ or large in strumen ts such
a s gas chr omatogr aphy mass spe c t r om e t er
(GC - MS) an d hi gh pr essur e li qui d
chr omatogr a phy ( HP LC) wi th few pi ped
ser vi ces .
• M a y r equi r e accur ate temper ature an d
humi di ty con tr ol (clean r oom) .
 MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY
• Involves the iso la t i o n a n d identi ficati on of
pathogeni c bacter i a, vi r us o r un icellular
mi cr oor gan i sms .
 CHEMICAL STORE
• For stor i ng c he m i c a ls a n d labor ator y consumables .
• Segr egati on o f i n compati ble chemi cals i s r equi r ed .
• Segr egati on cr i ter ia should i n clude w a t e r r eacti vity, causti ci ty an d flammabi li ty .

5000 / Y E A R
 OFFICE
• Locati ng ver y c lo se t o o r adjacent t o the laborator y for e a sy a c ce ss a n d
commun i cati on i s desi r able .
• A chemi cal - fr ee wor k space for wr iti ng an d readi n g acti vities, allows food an d
dr i n k s . .

5000 / Y E A R
 LABORATORY DESIGN

The laboratory shall be completely separated from outside areas as enclosed laboratories will help
contain spills, keep unauthorized personnel from entering areas where hazardous operations are
performed, etc.
 3
HALAL
LABORATORY
FACILITIES
HALAL LABORATORY FACILITIES IN
MALAYSIA
The current recognized Malaysia halal laboratories:
• Laboratories under the Department Of Chemistry, Ministry Of Health's Laboratories,
• The One-stop Center Halal Laboratory known as `Malaysia Halal Analysis Center'
(MYHAC)
• Halal Panel Laboratory appointed by Department Of Islamic Development Malaysia
(JAKIM)
 HA L A L L A BO RA TO RY F A CIL ITIE S IN
MA L A YSIA
1 The Department of Islamic Development (JAKIM) is a central agency
responsible in various Islamic matters, including the halal certification
in Malaysia.

JAKIM plays an important role in preserving the interest of Muslim

2 consumers in Malaysia as well as ensuring all halal products in the
market adheres to the Shariah law.

JAKIM has taken the initiative to create the HALAL PANEL LAB (HPL) to
speed up the halal certification process. The industry has the choice to
3 engage with either the Department of Chemistry Malaysia (JKM) or any
of the HPLs. However, the result found by JKM is considered final in
case of any dispute between the labs. Services provided by the HPL
only involves Malaysian Halal Certification applications, while
monitoring and enforcement samples will utilise the services of the JKM
lab
HALAL PANEL LABORATORIES?

Source: Malaysia Halal Official Portal

HALAL PANEL
LAB,JAKIM
 LABORATORY
INSTRUMENTS
Laboratory equipment refers to the various apparatuses and machines used by scientists for
scientific purposes.

Proper use and maintenance of laboratory equipment are the outmost important to laboratory
safety.
Halal Laboratory
Instrument
Centrifuge

A centrifuge is a laboratory device that is

used for the separation of fluids, gas or
liquid, based on density.

Separation is achieved by spinning a

vessel containing material at high speed;
the centrifugal force pushes heavier
materials to the outside of the vessel.

This apparatus is found in most

laboratories from academic to clinical to
research and used to purify cells,
subcellular organelles, viruses, proteins,
and nucleic acids.
Micropipettes

A micropipette is used to transfer small volumes of liquids in chemical, biological and

medical laboratories

Micropipettes operate by the

After the liquid at the tip moves Pressing on a plunger button at
vacuum generated by the piston
into the vacuum, it can then be the top of the micropipette will
driven air displacement that
transported and released into pull the liquid in, and a second
occurs when the plunger is
another container as needed. press will dispense it
pressed.
Analytical Balance

Analytical balances are designed for great precision in quantitative chemical analysis

Readability to four decimal places to the right of the decimal point (up to .0001 g).

Extremely sensitive and, since air currents can affect their measurement

Used for samples up to about 220 g.

Vortexer/ Vortex Mixer

The purpose of a vortex mixer is to mix small vials of liquid

• if a test tube is inserted into the

rubber piece the test tube too will
rotate and hence the contents of
the test tube will rotate too.
It works is that the motor
drives the rubber piece at the
top in a circular motion
Autoclave / Electric Cast Aluminum Sterilizer

An autoclave is used to sterilize surgical equipment, laboratory

instruments, pharmaceutical items, and other materials.

It can sterilize solids, liquids, hollows, and instruments of various shapes and sizes.

A very basic autoclave is similar to a pressure cooker; both

use the power of steam to kill bacteria, spores and germs
resistant to boiling water and powerful detergents.

Autoclaves vary in size, shape and functionality.

Waterbath

A water bath is used to keep water at a consistent temperature for incubating samples in
a laboratory.

❑ A water bath can also be used to enable a chemical

reaction to occur once the water reaches a certain
temperature.

❑ All water baths have a control to set temperature.

When the light is on the water bath is heating.

When the water bath reaches the set temperature, it will cycle on and off to maintain constant
temperature.
Optical Microscope

A microscope is used to observe or analyze microscopic objects or

organisms that may otherwise be too small for the naked human eye
to accurately observe.
Sample Homogenizer

Homogenizers are used to blend chemical or biological samples

This often includes lysing of cells to form one homogenous

suspension

Homogenizer instruments often employ pre-filled microtubes with

ceramic beads to aid in disruption and mixing of cells.

• This is often aided by oscillation or reciprocal motion of the homogenizer.

Real-Time Polymerase Chain
Reaction Thermocycler
A real-time polymerase chain reaction instrument is a machine that amplifies and detects
DNA.

It combines the functions of a thermal cycler and a fluorimeter, enabling the process
of quantitative PCR
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
System
Agarose gel electrophoresis is a technique where DNA or RNA molecules can be
separated based on their size/mass and/or electrical charge

The molecules are subjected to an electrical field which causes the movement through a
matrix

This electrophoresis system contain all the modules needed for separation: power supply
and gel tank.
Gel Documentation System

An instrument for imaging and documentation of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and protein
on a high-tech digital platform.

A gel doc includes an ultraviolet (UV) light transilluminator, a hood or a darkroom to shield
external light sources and protect the user from UV exposure, and a CCD or CMOS camera for
image capturing.

Most of these gel documentation and imaging systems are compatible with PC or
Mac operating systems and come complete with software.

Images can be manipulated for presentation purposes and stored at your

convenience
Blue Light Transilluminator

A blue light transilluminator is used for viewing DNA (or RNA) that has been separated by
electrophoresis through an agarose gel.

Blue light transilluminator is an alternative to UV

transilluminator as it does not cause burn to skin and
eyes due to harmful UV radiation and DNA sample
damage is minimized.
Water Distiller
Water Distiller uses a cool water supply to convert tap water into pure water for use in
all general applications

Distilled water is used as a solvent in the preparation of media, buffers and

laboratory reagents.
High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC)
HPLC is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each
component in a mixture.

Various detectors are in common use, such as UV/Vis, photodiode array (PDA) or based
on mass spectrometry.

Most HPLC instruments also have a column oven that allows for adjusting the
temperature at which the separation is performed
Gas Chromatography (GC)

GC is an instrument used to separate compounds from a mixture. GC, as its name

indicating, using gas as its mobile phase, whereas HPLC, using liquid as mobile phase

Only volatile and semi-volatile compounds (generally small molecules) can be analyzed
by GC.

Non-volatile analytes cannot be directly analyzed using GC

GC machine be linked to a mass spectrometer to allow

substances in a sample to be separated, then identified
quickly and accurately.
 Thank you

013-5881210

ezzatul @ mara. gov. my