JC Hubber P.

Lomibao BSENTREP 1A 10-25-2022

Answer the following question based on the discussions in the video of

minimum of 2 paragraph per questions.

1.      Define Disasters.

A major disruption in the functioning of a community or society at any sc

ale as a result of calamities interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerabili

ty, and capacity, resulting in one or more of the following human, material, eco

nomic, and environmental losses and impacts.

Disasters can take many forms. Human-caused disasters, such as

industrial explosions or structural failures, are the result of human error.

Natural disasters are caused by physical phenomena such as earthquakes

and droughts. Complex disasters can include outbreaks or armed conflicts.

2.      What are the types and causes of Disasters?

The first type and cause of disaster is hazard, which is defined as a

process, phenomenon, or human activity that can result in death, injury, or

other health consequences, property damage, social and economic

disruption, or environmental degradation. The second type is vulnerability,

which refers to the conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and

environmental factors or processes that increase an individual's, a

community's, assets, or systems' susceptibility to the effects of hazards. The

third type is exposure, which refers to the situation of people, infrastructure,

housing, production capacities, and other tangible human assets in hazardous

areas.

Internal earth processes cause the fourth type of disaster is a

geophysical hazard. Some examples are earthquakes, volcanic activity and

emissions, and related geophysical processes like mass movements,

landslides, rockslides, surface collapse, and debris or mud flows. The fifth

type of disaster is Hydrological hazards and their consequences, which are

linked to climate variability, demographic trends, land-cover change, and other

causative factors and may be exacerbated by global climate change. The

sixth type of disaster is Climatological hazard is disaster agents in terms of

what they can do to human settlements or the environment. Tropical cyclones,

thunderstorms, tornadoes, drought, rain, hail, snow, lightning, fog, wind,

temperature extremes, air pollution, and climatic change are all potentially

hazardous atmospheric phenomena. The seventh type of disaster is

Meteorological disasters such as floods, wildfires, heat waves, and droughts

were frequently combined and interacted in physical processes spanning

multiple spatial and temporal scales. Finally, the eighth type of disaster is

biological disaster can be caused by epidemics, the unintentional release of

virulent microorganisms, the use of biological agents such as anthrax,

smallpox, and COVID-19.

3.      What is disasters prevention?

Disaster prevention is the carefully planned prevention of the harmful

effects of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the concept and

intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through proactive

action. Dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations

that prohibit any settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic engineering

designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in the event

of an earthquake are all examples.

Complete loss avoidance is not possible, and the task shifts to loss
mitigation. Because of this, the terms prevention and mitigation are

sometimes used different words in daily communication.

4.     What is Disasters Management?

Disaster management is a process of effectively preparing for and

responding to disasters. It involves strategically organizing resources to

lessen the harm that disasters cause. It also involves a systematic approach

to managing the responsibilities of disaster prevention, preparedness,

response, and recovery.

The plans are multi-layered and designed to address issues such as

floods, typhoons, fires, and even mass utility outages or disease outbreaks.

The disaster plan is likely to address critical issues such as evacuating people

from affected areas, arranging temporary housing, food, and medical care.

5.      What are the steps in Disasters Management?

The steps in Disaster Management are Preparedness, Prevention &

Mitigation, Response, and Rehabilitation & Recovery. Preparedness is to

achieve a satisfactory level of readiness to respond to any emergency

situation through programs that strengthen governments, organizations, and

communities technical and managerial capacity. Governments, organizations,

and individuals develop plans to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and

improve disaster response operations during the preparedness phase.

Prevention & Mitigation efforts aim to reduce the potential damage and

suffering caused by disasters. While disaster management cannot prevent

disasters, it can keep them from becoming worse by ignoring causal factors

and manageable risks. Mitigation refers to actions taken to reduce the severity

of a disaster's impact. Investing in risk-reduction measures can significantly

reduce the impact of disasters.

Response is to provide immediate assistance to keep people alive,

improve their health, and boost their morale. Such assistance can range from

providing specific but limited assistance, such as transportation, temporary

shelter, and food, to establishing semi-permanent settlement in camps and

other locations. It may also include preliminary repairs to damaged

infrastructure. During the response phase, the emphasis is on meeting

people's basic needs until more permanent and sustainable solutions can be

found. Humanitarian organizations are frequently active during this stage of

the disaster management cycle. Rehabilitation & Recovery efforts will

continue until all systems have returned to normal or better condition. Short

and long-term recovery measures include restoring vital life-support systems

to minimum operating standards, temporary housing, public information,

health and safety education, reconstruction, counseling programs, and

economic impact studies.