2.

NUMBER SYSTEMS
In digital electronics, the number system is used for representing the information. When
we type some letters or words, the computer translates them in numbers as computers can
understand only numbers. A computer can understand the positional number system where
there are only a few symbols called digits. These symbols represent different values
depending on the position they occupy in the number.

The number system has different bases and the most common of them are the decimal,
binary, octal, and hexadecimal. The base or radix of the number system is the total number
of the digit used in the number system. Suppose if the number system representing the digit
from 0 – 9 then the base of the system is the 10.

Types of Number Systems

Some of the important types of number system are

1. Decimal Number System

2. Binary Number System

3. Octal Number System

4. Hexadecimal Number System

These number systems are explained below in details.

 1. Decimal number system

The number system is having digit 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; this number system is known

as a decimal number system because total ten digits are involved. The base of the decimal
number system is 10.

A value of each digit in a number can be determined using

• The digit
• The position of the digit in the number
• The base of the number system (where base is defined as the total number of digits
available in the number system).

The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the decimal number system.
Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. In decimal number system,
the successive positions to the left of the decimal point represent units,
tens, hundreds, thousands and so on.
Each position represents a specific power of the base (10). For example, the decimal number
1234 consists of the digit 4 in the units position, 3 in the tens position, 2 in the hundreds
position, and 1 in the thousands position, and its value can be written as:
(1×1000) + (2×100) + (3×10) + (4×l)
= (1×103) + (2×102) + (3×101) + (4×l00)
= 1000 + 200 + 30 + 1
= 1234
The position of each digit in a decimal number indicates the magnitude of the quantity
represented and can be assigned a weight. The weight for whole numbers are positive power of
10 that increase from right to left, beginning with l00 .

…………l04 ,l03 , l02 , l01 , l00

For fractional numbers , the weights are negative power of 10 that decreased from left to
right beginning with 10-1

l02 ,l01 , l00 . l0-1 , l0-2

Decimal point