Anthropology

Dubbed as the "science of humanity," anthropology is the study of human beings,

their origin, their societies, and their cultures. It branches into two subdivisions:

1. social anthropology, which studies humans in relation to societies

2. cultural anthropology, or the study of human cultures .

Sociology
is the scientific study of a society—its origin, development, networks, and
function.

Political Science
It covers matters relating to the allocation of power, the roles and systems of
governance, political behavior, and public policies.

Society, in general, is defined as a group of people living together in

organized communities, following common laws, values, customs, and traditions.
The term was first used in mid-16th century, originating from the Latin words
socius and societas, which mean "companion" and from the French term societe,
meaning "companionship."

Individualism - states that all values, rights, and duties come

from each individual. In this belief, an individual must be
politically and economically independent, with little or no
influence from the society the person is in.
Social Institutions
American sociologists Paul Horton and Chester Hunt (1964)
defined institution as an organized system of social
relationships that represent a society's common values and
procedures.
There are six generally recognized institutions in every society.
1.Family - considered as the bedrock or foundation of the
society
2. Education- the formal institution designated to preserve and
transfer cultural knowledge and identity to the members of a
society
3. Economy - the social institution generally responsible for the
production and the allocation of scarce resources and services
4.Government - a social institution which states policy and law
is enforced
5. Media - the institution responsible for the circulation of vital
information among the members of a society.
6. Religion - an organized collection of beliefs intended to
explain the meaning, origin, and purpose of life and existence
Culture – Traditionally defined by English anthropologist Sir Edward
Burnett Tylor in 1871, culture is thecomplex whole which
encompasses beliefs, practices, values,
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, and knowledge that a
person learns and shares as a member of society.
For Leslie A. White (1995), culture refers to an organization of
phenomena that is dependent upon symbols and includes acts
(patterns of behavior), objects (material things), ideas (beliefs and
knowledge), and sentiments (attitudes and values).
Another definition of culture comes from American anthropologist
Richley Crapo (2001), who describes culture as a system of ideas,
feelings, and survival strategies shared in a particular group. He claims
that culture is the structure that unifies a human group and gives it an
identity as a society.