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Copy of Pharmacognosy Answer Key-BLUE PACOP
Copy of Pharmacognosy Answer Key-BLUE PACOP
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___ 1. In order to understand better pharmacognosy, a student should have a background in:
a. Botany c. Chemistry e. none of the above
b. Zoology d. all of the above
___ 9. ___ of calcium carbonate occur in leaf epidermal cells and hairs.
a. Rosettes c. Crystoliths e. All of the above
b. Raphides d. None of the above
___ 12. Groups of compounds that makes wood become darker in color:
a. Resins c. All of the above
b. Tannins d. None of the above
___ 13. Chloral hydrate solution is a saturated solution of chloral hydrate in water that dissolves ___ .
a. Starch c. Protein
b. Resins d. All of the above
___ 16. Starches are usually isolated from these plant parts, except:
a. Rhizome c. Seed e. All of the above
b. Fruit d. None of the above
___ 20. ___ is a plant drug used in Chinese medicine as early as 2700 B.C.
a. Rhubarb c. Squill
b. Ginseng d. Glycyrrihiza
___ 21. A compound containing equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin is ___?
a. Strophantin c. Picrotin
b. Picrotoxigenin d. Picrotoxin
___ 31. Volatile oils may occur in the ___ of the plant.
a. Oil cells c. Ducts e. None of the above
b. Glandular hairs d. All of the above
___ 33. Volatile oils are usually obtained by steam distillation, with the exception of the oils from ___.
a. Pinaceae c. Umbelliferae
b. Rutaceae d. Rosaceae
___ 34. Volatile oils obtained by expression of the fresh peels are:
a. Orange oil c. Lemon oil e. None of the above
b. Bitter orange oil d. All of the above
___ 40. Balsams contain a high proportion of aromatic, balsamic acids, chiefly:
a. Benzoic acid c. Both A & B
b. Cinnamic acid d. Neither A or B
___ 41. Resins and their combinations are usually produced in ___ .
a. Schizogenous ducts
b. Schizolysigenous glands
c. Both A & B
d. Neither A or B
___ 42. Alkaloid is ___.
a. A gum c. Acidic e. All of the above
b. Pharmacologically-active d. Obtained from the leaves
___ 46. Compounds with alkaloidal structures have also been isolated from ___.
a. Salamander c. None of the above
b. Millipede d. All of the above
___ 56. These are natural hydrocolloids that may be ionic, anionic or salts of polysaccharides:
a. Mucilages d. Germs
b. Carbohydrates e. None of the above
c. Colloids
___ 57. The following are sources of commercially useful gums except:
a. Marine gums d. Microbial gums
b. Seed gums e. All of the above
c. Flower gums
___ 59. Stages in the preparation of drugs for the commercial market involves:
a. Handwashing d. all of the above
b. Garbling and drying e. none of the above
c. Packaging, storage and preservation
___ 61. In pharmacognosy, drugs maybe classified based on the following, except:
a. Their price in the market d. their therapeutic application
b. Their morphology c. none of the above
c. Their chemical constituents
___ 63. All are drugs belonging to the Fam. Lamiaceae except:
a. Spearmint d. thyme
b. Rosemary e. None of the above
c. Peppermint
___ 67. Drugs of the 21st century are those that can cure ___.
a. AIDS d. All of the above
b. Parkinsonism
c. None of the above
___ 71. Glycosides are important in plant life since they have:
a. Regulatory functions d. All of the above
b. Protective functions e. None of the above
c. Sanitary functions
___ 73. Glycosides hydrolysed by the enzyme___ are considered having beta orientation:
a. Ptyalin d. Synthase
b. Myrosinase e. None of the above
c. Emulsin
___ 74. Based on the chemical nature of the aglycone, glycosides may be classified as:
a. Saponin-contaning d. All of the above
b. Cyanophooric e. None of the above
c. Flavonoids
___ 76. The microorganism involved in the biosynthetic study of anthraquinone glycoside is ___.
a. Escherichia coli d. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Penicillium notatum e. None of the above
c. Penicillium islandicum
___ 77. Another name for which frangula in known for is ___.
a. Cinnamon bark d. Cascara bark
b. Buckthorn bark e. Cassia bark
c. Cascara sagrada bark
___ 83. The following chemical constants are used to characterize lipids, except:
a. Acid number d. None of the above
b. Iodine number e. All of the above
c. Saponification Value
___ 84. The resulting oil obtained by reacting sulfuric acid with the oil under chilling temp. is referred to as
___.
a. Sulfurated oil d. Sulfonated oil
b. Sulfuration oil e. none of the above
c. Sulfonation oil
___ 87. A fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit of a plant sometimes referred to as sweet oil:
a. Olive oil d. Castor oil
b. Peanut oil e. Sesame oil
c. Soybean oil
___ 88. Arachis oil is another name for ___.
a. Olive oil d. Castor oil
b. Peanut oil e. Sesame oil
c. Soybean oil
___ 89. The ripe seed of Glycine soja is the source of ___.
a. Olive oil d. Castor oil
b. Peanut oil e. Sesame oil
c. Soybean oil
___ 90. Teel oil or benne oil are other names for ___.
a. Olive oil d. Castor oil
b. Peanut oil e. Sesame oil
c. Soybean oil
___ 91. Cottonseed oil is refined by filtering, decolorizing and “winter-chilling”. The last step is done
to remove ___.
a. Palmitin d. Stearin
b. Myristicin e. Arecoline
c. Lanolin
___ 93. A substance obtained from the head of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus L.
a. Spermaceti d. Stearyl alcohol
b. Cetyl ester wax e. Cetyl Laurate
c. Cetyl alcohol
___ 94. All are terms used to refer to volatile oils, except:
a. Essences d. Olii distillati
b. Essential oils e. none of the above
c. Ethereal oils
___ 95. The following are methods of obtaining volatile oils, except:
a. Steam distillation d. all of the above
b. Enzymatic hydrolysis e. none of the above
c. Expression
___ 96. The process of ___ was formerly used extensively in the production of perfumes and pomades.
a. Expression d. Solvent extraction
b. Ecuelle e. Destructive distillation
c. Enfleurage
___ 102. These are products composed of antigenic matter or antibody preparations capable of developing
a state of immunity in the patient.
a. Antibiotics d. Peptide hormones
b. Alllergens
c. Biologics
___ 103. This is the undissolved portion of the drug that remains after the extraction process is completed.
a. Menstrum d. Chief constiuent
b. Marc
c. Extractive
___ 106. This classification of drug considers the natural relationship or phylogeny existing among plants
and animals
a. Morphologic Classification c. Pharmacologic classification
b. Taxonomic Classification d. Chemical classification
___ 109. This is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by beta-1,4 linkages and usually forms
the primary cell wall of the plants.
a. Suberin c. Cutin
b. Lignin d. Cellulose
___ 110.The most important monosaccharides found in plants and from which most of the polysaccharides
are constructed.
a. Pentoses c. Aldoses
b. Hexoses d. Ketotses
___ 112. This is prepared by partial evaporation of milk in a vacuum and consequent sterilization in
hermetically sealed containers by autoclaving.
a. Butter c. Skimmed milk
b. Buttermilk d. Skimmed milk
___ 113. A hexahydric alcohol obtained by reduction of mannose and by isolation of manna.
a. Mannitol c. Sucrose
b. Fructose d. Dextrose
___ 114. An α-1,6 linked that is formed from sucrose by the action of a transglucosylase enzyme system
present in Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
a. Inulin c. Dextran
b. Dextrose d. Dextrin
___ 115. This is the product obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids on cotton.
a. Methylcellulose c. Collodion
b. Gums d. Pyroxylin
___ 116. This is the gum exuding from natural injuries is more or less wormlike and is twisted into coils.
a. Vermifrom tragacanth c. Ribbon gum
b. Tragacanth sorts d. Flake gum
___ 117. This purified carbohydrate product obtained from the dilute acid extract of the inner
portion of the rind of citrus fruits and apple pomace
a. Xanthan gum c. Pectin
b. Locust bean gum d.Papain
___ 120. The excrescence obtained from the young twigs of Quercus infectoria
a. Tannic acid c. Nutgall
b. Quercetin d. Psoralens
___ 121. It indicates the number of milligrams of Potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids
and Saponify the esters contained in 1 gram of substance.
a. Acid value c. Iodine value
b. Saponification value d. Ester value
___ 122. An iodine addition product of the ethyl ester of the fatty acids of poppy seeds.
a. Sunflower oil c. Ethiodized oil injection
b. Theobroma oil d. Persic oil
___123. Which of the following statement/s pertaining to lanolin is correct?
I. Fatlike substance from the wool of Ovies aries
II. It contains not more than 0.25% of water
III. It is referred to as wool fat
IV. It is used as water-absorbable ointment base
a. I only c. II and III
b. I and III d. I and IV
___134. This is a gonad-stimulating polypeptide hormone obtained from the urine of pregnant women
c. Vasopressin c. adrenocorticotropin
d. Oxytocin d. chorionic gonadotropin
___136. This is a fermenting enzyme that causes the conversion of monosaccharides into alcohol and
Carbon dioxide
a. Amylase c. zymase
b. Invertase d. ptyalin
___138. This is a mixture of protein-digesting enzyme and milk clotting enzymes obtain from the juice
Of Anonas comosus.
a. Papain c. trypsin
b. Bromelaine d. chymopapain
___140. In this type of immunity, the antigenic substances may be received by the body in a natural manner
a. Naturally acquired active immunity
b. Artificially acquired active immunity
c. Naturally acquired passive immunity
d. Artificially acquired passive immunity
___141. These are complex neutral substances devoid of characteristic chemical properties
a. Resin alcohols c. glycoresins
b. resenes d. rosin
___142. A resinous exudate from Pistacia lentiscus that is used in the form of dental varnish to seal cavities
a. eriodictyon c. mastic
b. jalap d. kava
___145. This enzyme causes the hydrolysis of fats into glycerin and fatty acids
a. Pectase c. urease
b. Lipase d. trypsin
___146. This enzyme bring about the oxidation reactions that cause the discoloration of bruise fruits.
a. Peroxidase c. pepsin
b. Zymase d. trypsin
___147. A balsam obtained from the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis that is used as a pharmaceutic
Aid for compound benzoin tincture.
a. Peruvian balsam c. storax
b. Tolu balsam d. styrax
___149. This is a flour sifted from the ground seed of Glycine soja that is used in the detection of
Urea nitrogen in blood serum.
a. Soybean oil c. soybean meal
b. Soybean cake d. hydrogenated soybean oil
___150. This is purified preparation of gonadotropins obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women
a. choriogonadotropin c. somatropin
b. urogonadotropin d. gonadorelin
___ 151. This hormone is used in the treatment of Paget’s disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
a. Calcitonin c. Calcium
b. Insulin d. Cholecystokinin
___ 155. The following statements are true about volatile oils, except.
a. They are odoriferous principles of plants and animals
b. Most are soluble in alcohol
c. They are optically active
d. Refractive indices are usually in range
___ 156. These are substances grouped together on the basis of their insolubility in water and solubility in
___ 157. The following statement about alkaloids are true, except:
a. They contain nitrogen
b. Most of them are physiologically active even in small amounts.
c. Alkaloidal salts are soluble in organic solvents
d. They are precipitated by Mayer’s reagent, Wagner’s reagent and Valser’s reagent.
___ 158. The _____ group of alkaloids are derived from Papaver somniferum (Fam. Papaveraceae)
a. Cinchona alkaloids c. Opium alkaloids
b. Ergot alkaloids d. Vinca alkaloids
___ 159. The genus Cinchona (Fam. Rubiaceae) produce the ____ group of alkaloids.
a. Piperidine alkaloids c. Quinoline alkaloids
b. Pyridine alkaloids d. Tropane alkaloids
___ 160. The most characteristic physiological property of alkaloids from family Solanaceae is their ___.
a. Analgesic effect c. miotic effect
b. Anti-inflammatory effect d. mydriatic effect
___ 163. Aromatic amino acids are produced from the ____ pathway.
a. Acetate c. Mevalonate
b. Peptide d. Shikimate
___ 164. It is the predominant fatty acid constituent of rapeseed oil from Brassica napus (Brassicaceae)
a. Erucic acid c. Linolenic acid
b. Linoleic acid d. Oleic acid
___ 165. ____ is the amino acid precursor of indole alkaloids via anthranilic acid.
a. L-histidine c. L-trypthopan
b. L- lysine d. L-tyrosine
___ 166. ____ is the active anti-depressant constituent of St. John’s wort
a. Hypericin c. Rutin
b. Khellin d. Valtrate
___ 167. Artemsin from Artemisia annua is clinically used to treat drug resistant ____ infections.
a. Mycobacterium c. Plasmodium
b. Neisseria d. Salmonella
___ 169. _____ are the insecticidal components of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Asteraceae)
a. Parthenolides c. Sapogenins
b. Pyrethrins d. Valepotriates
___ 174. Flavonoid glycosides are abundant in the following plant families:
a. Polygoneaceae c. Umbelliferae
b. Rutaceae d. all of the above
For items number 175 to 184, refer to the following choices and write the letter corresponding to the terms described
below:
For numbers 185-194 associate the local names with the given scientific names:
J 185. Maguey A. Citrus grandiflora Osbeck
I 186. Sabila B. Citrus auratium L.
H 187. Akapulko C. Cassia fistula L.
G 188. Adelfa D. Quassia amara L.
F 189. Gogo E. Plumiera acuminate Ait.
E 190. Kalachuchi F. Enatada phaseoloides (L.) Merr.
D 191. Kuasia G. Nerium indicum Mill.
C 192. Fistula H. Cassia alata L.
B 193. Cajel I Aloe vera L.
A 194. Lukban J. Agave cantala Roxb.
For numbers 195-198, associate the corresponding names of the fixed oils from plants identified by the following
color reaction:
For numbers 199-208, choose the proper letter of the scientific name that matches the given local names:
J 199. Kasuy A. Carthamus tinctorius L.
D 200. Peanut B. Moringa oleifera
A 201. Safflower C. Glycine max (L.) Merr.
G 202. Croton D. Arachis hypogea L.
C 203. Soybean E. Lycopodium clavatum L.
I 204. Cottonseed F. Persea Americana Mill.
B 205. Malunggay G. Croton tiglium L.
H 206. Kalumpang H. Sterculia foetida L.
E 207. Licopodio I. Gossypium hirsutum L.
F 208. Avocado J. Anacardium occidentale L.
For numbers 209-218. Match the volatile oils mentioned below with the plant parts they are obtained from:
J 209. Cinnamon oil A. Seeds
I 210. Sassafras oil B. Leaf and flowering tops
H 211. Sandalwood oil C. Leaves
G 212. Orris oil D. Flower buds
F 213. Oil of pepper E. Fruit
E 214. Cardamom oil F. Dried, Unripe fruit
D 215. Clove oil G. Rhizome
C 216. Tanglad oil H. Heartwood
B 217. Oregano oil I. Dried, Root bark
A 218. Mustard oil J. Dried bark
For numbers 219-228. Associate the local names with the give scientific names of local tannin sources:
For numbers 229-238. Associate the local names with the give scientific names of local alkaloidal sources:
For numbers 239-248. Associate the local names with the give scientific names of local poisonous plants:
For numbers 249-255. Associate the local names with the give scientific names of the following sources of
carbohydrates:
For numbers 256-265, associate the English names of the following medicinal plants in commerce with the given
scientific names:
___277. A Substance present in soybean that can be found in number of proprietary products that are useful
in controlling derange lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
a. Ergosterol c. Resin
b. Lecithin d. Ricin
___278. A substance obtained from the lipid fraction of soybeans and can be used as a precursor for
steroidal hormones.
a. Cholesterol c. Prostaglandin
b. Ergosterol d. Stigmasterol
___281. He attempted to separate superstitious belief from fact in his writing on the animal kingdom.
a. Hippocrates c. Aristotle
b. Dioscorides d. Paracelsus
___282. Descriptive materials pertaining to any drugs or preparation in the official book.
a. Official title c. Monograph of drugs
b. Category d. Official drug
___283. Which ancient civilization wrote the Ebers Papyrus which contained medicinal uses of plants and
animals.
a. Greeks c. Sumerian
b. Egyptians d. Babylonians
___284. Which of the following evaluation is best use in the determination of adulterants and powdered
drugs?
a. Chemical c. Biological
b. Physical d. Microscopic
___285. The 1st detectable sugar synthesized by plants and form units from which most polysaccharides are
constructed.
a. Glucose c. Starch
b. Sucrose d. Hexose
___286. These are higher plants and fungi that produce toxic effects when introduced into the human body.
a. Pesticide c. Allergens
b. Antibiotic d. Poisonous plants
___287. These are substances that relieve abdominal pain by expelling gas from the stomach and
intestines.
a. Antidote c. Anticolic
b. Analgesic d. Anodyne
___288. What is the substance present in chitin that cannot be found in cellulose?
a. hydroxyl acid c. galacturonic acid
b. acetamide d. esters
___289. An acid which is considered as a universal precursor for fatty acids lipids and other organic plant
products.
a. Gallic acid c. Citric acid
b. Malic acid d. Acetic acid
___290. A mutant enzyme that has been developed that can form glycosidic bonds on excellent yield.
a. Glycosyl transferase c. glycosynthase
b. Glycosyl enzyme d. glycosyl transferase
___291. Which among the glycoside is cultivated on lands resembling rice paddies?
a. Frangula c. Senna
b. Rheum d. Cascara
___292. Which of the following health problems could aggravate by increased consumption of large
quantities of licorice?
a. Peptic ulcer c. Gastric acidity
b. Addison’s disease d. Hypertension
___293. What is the pungent-tasting oil that is produced by hydrolysis of Sinapsis alba?
a. Mustard oil c. Acrinylisothiocyanate
b. Sinalbin d. Allyisothiocyanate
___295. A muscle toxin acids which inhibit the production of malic acid in high doses causes paralysis and
death.
a. Lactic acid c. Citric acid
b. Tartaric acid d. Fumaric acid
___296. An acid obtained from coffee beans that is used in the treatment of influenza A and B strain called
TAMIFLU
a. o-coumaric acid c. tannic acid
b. shikimic acid d. quinic acid
___297. What is the chemical substance that contain acetic acid and it could be used in the formulation of
WOODGLUE?
a. Polyvinyl acetate c. Cinnamyl acetate
b. Phenyl acetate d. Ascorbic acid
___298. An alkaloid used to reduce rigidity and tremors for those suffering from parkinson’s disease.
a. Atropine c. Hyoscyamine
b. Hyoscine d. Scopolamine
___299. An alkaloidal plant that could be used in the eyes causing dilation of the pupil of the eye giving a
striking appearance.
a. Nicotiana leaf c. Coca leaf
b. Belladonna leaf d. Arrow root
___300. Which of the following amino acids is the least used as precursor in the biosynthesis of alkaloid?
a. Phenylalanine c. Ornithine
b. Adenine d. Tyrosine