Exawple with Ukv radmd & Gosider Ha RY toh Bysery shorn betew Aesume Hist att loade lave Ho Same pow hte Determina teeny ebhinge to proer “the System Assuming relay type CO-# E Uted mb Be 8 kv 33 ry be Ls = 64smva, Las 25mvA Ter = 32000 T,,, = 30004 = 4mva Tres = 5004 Sous “Tle food cunests one Colsusoted og Rose 4x1o® is VECuxto) 309.45A = 2S xtor i VECuxio?) 31.22 A 1, = —bisKO' . acgaea ° LL Te ermal cuneate tinugh He fects ae 2s cal Tn, = T= 20%95A Ta = L ee Ts = Tr + Ty = 6a5-44A4 He Worth te Guneat Arona former Tobias given, Nowak velay Unrate ae: Ce eee ee eH ta = _34tle es ie = 695-44 Aa = 2534 = 8.014 The prtup Valuss of Overcurrent relay Oe ip = 6A Note : i For Hn type of rely be = 108 Ho pet up Rthgc ip = [0A availabe ae 4,5/6, 78, lad ba. es OLF =lo is wed in This crample. for lis, echommars wel denaimdurs , OLF = Las 4% Lgp“Ta tart ack Ye te Select He “Westone delay, indicoted by He twa dit tethvy CTs), Fret, we Choose We lowest “Tos fe We velo Nernst Bom tha Supply (eg belay of Bas +) hw: kh (fastest ToS on Hie tomT ® cert is Yo) Th Shart Cireaitt Curent ot Bet is _ . 2! Ue = ley = soy = 625A Ss D> Tee tase peeeh sekhng '%, = A = (04n By refercnte te the deny Chowekicte , We get ha opemting tue for telay 4 Rea fut ot Bu t a: T= obs C Frm relay Chemeterte cove)To et He tely ot Boe 2 tenponting te Pout ot Ba i , we allen ©.| Second for breaker Cperetion aul an ener Worn f- OBS Th oddity Th Ree ol ee ee The Shect Crait & @ Rutt ot Pur d ara Vraipta - He Cis ot Bu 2 i. a — ve we OF Fim tHe lomchuste Ap 0-558 operecting Tiwt aud fault —tr- pickup Sethi 6.25 Ta = 2 i xpical time curves type CO-7 ‘over current relay Current tap settings: 486.7.8,10,12 amperes. | Tine da sting ‘Operating time in seconds 3 [4 8 @ 7/8 810 2 14 1610.20 Curent as @ mutiple of tap seting 42 Jas be RS]“Tre Brad steps Trostve Sethvg He tees ot ba 3. For & Aut at Bud, Te shot Civalg Curent i R000K, fo whan telay 2 fea peeda “in a Hie ate 6 tye Boy 6 * 75 te Buus pang ting, of FE amb TS oh 2 T, = O8S Aloong, Hie tne Wargin fle telay 3 do leap feo Rute ak Ba 2 Tacha = os tot tO3 = As The Shert cuit or a Ruka Bs 2 os 0 muti of Hae CIS Bs 3 Is: iscex = 3000 —~— hoa,” L =3ns5 tp 4oy, "0 Ths Re Tcinceryps O8 Pant to- preg Setting 04s ond 2.45Cy ‘hope 1 | System Protection Tiel rare la ‘aietnoe Toast ae esiepo) yee gta Cay sree FHoune rox2 amas Talim ces vecaren 7 loser ay eae = Westnge ‘cient & i i | F ocs__cas po Wwbrane “The Co-8 With a Cunent ap matting OF Comperes and a twa-drr Sething of To Ts used with He loo: CT. Deters He relay Gpemdting chins for Secondary CT tuneudt of a) SK by PA ce) ISA YIr- 5A SS BL b T-*& = %, » % ~ a3 Using the Co-8 Aiwa delay Cove, topemy = 6s. Copa ich ™, - 'Yosas Topentny = LagP2 PL 245KV A / 3tskv u La 3 Bue 4 = Trews = lA | 0.95 bbaging PR Tacoma) = 30008 (e.g, bolas Hepler) TeGmay = 200 Cag, 6, L-L) But 2 ~ TiGuae) = 4WVA, 095 . TeGuex) = 2000 TrGnm = IS00a Bu S — Tubnen) = GMA, 095 lagging PF Tec) = 10008 Tema > Foon CT at Breatar BY ~ 40:5 (co-2) 2 ~ 300:5 Ceo-e) Breaker B32 - 2ops Ceo-e)Fast, Geo Hine Gethin Bich tat We teloys de net Ofer, Qe Maximus lend Carrey. Planting od B3, the pray ant feondany CT Por Waximuin hood LE are: = 8 bx tot Ty = 8a bot * "FEW * Baaemey * oe Ty = loo Wot sae, Gas > Tp = 3a C6 asia) At a, = Satsa © Greyetot _ * aan AEC3¢5K08) R34 = _ let3 te © Bay * tea 5 Te = 5A C> 4upa > 3g Bh Dut Sa ths aa : an = (are yao 0 Te GeO ys 381. 7 : Gooey > 4314 > cle SA C>#390)Next, Select tha twa dial fettirg CTDS) Fiat Cooninee Hea Wadimun butt canes avd oer Check hy Coordination Qe rninimunn Pout Corre - Haring a BB, He Jangert Patt caret —Hhrough BS Is s6004 (occu Be ta tec plose Rutt aot Bas 2 - Geet to the mye of BB. Th = 2e/omt) - yy Tp 3 _— Te clear to fut as rapidly Qe potsibe, Select Tes. fe 83 relay (Ths = Ya) D> hs oss y Aloo breator opending ta of O.1s And Covrdivnction twa iwleval of 0.35, A B2 belay operetine, twa is : 712 Chakig) = OOF FOTO = 0455 Fr Har foul the Patt to pichup ebhag ts Fe. 200°). te Tye s = Ts, = 20Next, Select Ths at BI. The Saryert Rust canentt Fhmogh B21 30004 fe @ thee “prove fut at bug 4 > levine 5 Tr Fe ToS. = 20, = I5.0 Th = 048 og bieakar opoming “bine 0:15. uch Coord twe of 0.38 + 7 (ected = 04 0.1 40.3 = OBS Fe ths wt , Ty, = _3ev0/CAorg Ws, + 20 x0pceeesten eeherecslag ~ Coneut- hamafnvare , or CTs ae ‘ushumet mus Rrwort hak ave eopecaly daeryped 20 Auamredelas reflect porary Curent Thr Second low -caneut windings . — CTs are used cb provide [no voltage , Lad curreust Wwputs to Watering devias , Cantal rehys aud Prkcten telus . ~ CTs Which are Connected im Sones with er Eystenn Components are locaed on Qrmarded Gurfmeas Whore a Bigle primary Covducte posses thrush, O Opeciatly designed Tron Cre. The Se Winding Cousth of Wrany tums qf whe vorappedl oumand Ha Wen Core. = Cone omefme are dastyred Ww accordance, With ususd ctaefirmer Hay Considenchins Paver Guito tne primary is eqpat te pene out of the Secondary. ae ef iF Vp = z 2ie olrage™ volts door or ett 4 to WN i Seconda Cecibton » OmSubstation bue Seen Rot, ct otis eu i“ ae Xn wwiew afaik reat pe eee — Warder veormed opemting Conditions , CT Becomton Volnge wit be less Han Io vells oid CT Primary Voltage wilt be less Hen ~ Under Ratt Comdttms, CT Secordany Vo Hinge Way “wcreage to fever hundred ve lly and 1 volt, CT primary voltage may inceeare te @ Peo Oolts. Note: CT primary viidings are Connected Us, Serieg with the Covductor b= the power Cheeuit ard He voltage on the prey and Recondany windings ote Cts i indapendaux fy System voltage ,>000/5a recon a Rn XO k2 xs eke Shugle radio eee Mhalhh— ratio Canent traneformer — Lee att trondmes , the polities fp CTs wmust be determined aud Wointnined, eapec When CTs are Wed With polity Sensitive Welering davices , Contol reeays Quel poche, relays Camack “tons formers Mreay be mutivedio or Srgie mae A eo/sA ) Mmudtiradio CT Cem be recondigwed as a eos , bee/s , Beo/s or leso/SA CT thigh the Selection Of Secondany tap Coneuct tenes Prnors Cre auellabla With Pevermk Secodony Wwllage tabs. °C" ve i YY Voltage Chorectestice Het are med by Calculator . (Whereas, “T” Vane me determined by eating (die to hag E.g. C400 or CBee “teenage they Vin He. Core )Voltage Tromsfirmors Voltage trunefhrwers or VTs ae \nsmet haus: ss especially clesqnad +e accuredely reflect primary vo Wage inte the Secondary loo Voltage ulvding . VoHage rnsfirwers are comecks in Shunt with power Systems Componorcts | They aie used Fo prvide ow voltage , Amo power ips to malens devieg , Cowhol Felays and Peketve febys . The eqnivaleut Creict of an ident voltage, Transformer is He Some a4 the. eqyivedent Ciraint of an Weak terefremar . : Rs ad * cece 3K pat Voltage chanefinners are “tually med at less Bran O5kVA Br ocurmey purposes, “Their & Voltage rectivgs Way be 64 volts, 120 voll (64/bo) or 66/115 vols ,= Covts Consist of a Shack of Series Capacitor s with a Lower Voltage VT Tmpped at a point vin We copaciter Mack. Be caping, AF opts om the LY Side ~ Sibert Vis, CCOVTs ave utuadly eed od Hess Hon OSEVA. CCVTs hove accurmcies Of belles Han 15/ Steady Sede. — Their Qecondary opts Vrs be 69/130 volts or 66/ IIS volts .GE Grid Solutions Model PT6-2-125 Indoor Voltage Transformer ANSI Group 2 Medium Voltage ‘ecuracy Clace ‘Thermal Rating ‘svomed nade Weight renee epost whe 25, ‘Maximum system Voltage cin ses Product Data PT6-2Model PT6-2-125 Model PT6-2-125 ANSI Group 2 + Fein asentysncomeapnetin witarneee Steet dapanymanrettnoe Ine cute cesar ‘Tectonic epee waters ‘rovurrnperoenmsmdratbcan Recommended Minimum Spacags morn sn gu oy rt es Sener pee gp noe (robe anne Sere a ts cons (eeriselutionscam wienicenee ne"Wierd Ten Ter 54 atoge MEW TIBET ot Mra ie ‘abn sk fConmonwesth ‘em abl i j Chapter | Sytem Protection 10.2_ INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS ‘There are two basic types of instrument transformers: voltage transformers (7, formery called potential transformers (PT), and eaten tansformers (CT), Figure 102 shows a schematic representation forthe VT and CT. "The transformer primary is connected fo or nto the power stem and is insu tated forthe power system voltage. The VT reduces the primary voltage, and the CT reduces the primary erento mach lover, standardized levels sulablefor operation of relays Photos of VIsand CTs are shown in Figures 103-106 - ; ns my onde (0) Caren tansormee oT) jo (a Vota rantorer5 KV - 86 KV Voltage Transformers: ‘TYPES VOY-15 and VOY-15G =o Mody erst. Fo 180 eV BIL eo WSomowEae Es 4 vov-15, vor.18 TYPES VOZ-15 and VOZ-15E ¥# = orting bv ero So i VOZ-1SE — “auseny swore Sess gn tna ot ecSacton 102 neuen Tesormss For ystem-protetion purposes, VTs ate generally considered tobe sficienty accurate, Therefore the VT is usually modeled as an ideal ransformes, where v= ajay 02) Vis scald-down sepresentation of Vand isin phase with V. A standard VP secondary voltage rating is 115 V (ine-tosine). Standard VT ratios ae gvea a Table 101. Ideally the VT secondary is connected to a voltage-sensing device with i finite impedance, such that the entire VI secondary voltage is across the sensing eve. In practice the secondary voltae divides across the high-impedance sexs- ing device snd the VT series leakage impedances. VT leakage impedances ae ket low inorder to minimize vltage drops and phase-ange diflerenees rom primary 0 secondary. “The primary winding of current transformer usually consists of a single tum, ‘obtained by running the power ystems primary conductor through the CT core. Tie ‘normal current rating of CT secondaries is standardized at $A inthe United States, oune 108 Tee ID cougar ‘ofage ase mane 196 tis, Westin DAY Sachi ban (Gearwaat nero PbleSaver!|6 Copter 1 | System Proton whereas A isstandard in Buropeand some other regions Currents of 10t0 20 times (or reser) normal ating often ooeur in CT windings fra ew ees during short, ‘Siete Standard CT ratios ae given in Table 10.2. Ideally, the CT secondary is connected to a.curent-sensing device with zer0 impedance, such thatthe entre CT secondary current flows though the seasing ‘device Tn practic, the secondary curent divides, with most flowing through the low-impedance sensing device and some flowing through the CT shunt excitation impedance, CT exitation impedance is kept high in order to minimize excitation “Aa approximate equivalent circuit of a CT i shown in Figure 107, where Z' = CT secondary leakage impedance X, = (atutale) CT excitation reactance 2, = Impedance of terminating device (relay, incinding leds) ‘The otal impedance Zy ofthe terminating device i called the buen andis typically expressed in values of less than an of, The burden on & CT ma leo be exprested fe voltamperes ata specied current, ‘Associated withthe CT equivalent circuit san excitation curve that determines ‘he elatonship between theCT secondary vollage and excitation current I. Ex laon curves fora mulraio bushing CT with ANSI classiieation C100 are shown in Figure 108 ioune 10s caret ontman Pit Seed i i 4 2 5ie Zr sor a0 0010001 ‘aoueas Sanda VT aos "os 1005 as ans. sms 0 ams samo ‘ante 02 Sands aos Soeon12Ineeumen Talore on Vorage Ratios 2a nT 3 moi mot sao01__s5001 Curent tos aos = ams aan zis 2400525005 tons Ey aa ‘0s 10008 ‘008 URE 108 tert RST arin fe a 058 ‘Westin SY Sach bon (Cosucyot wre Able Sevee! oes 005 08 008 ‘Curren transformer performance is based on the ability to deliver a secon sry ouput current tht securtly reproduces the primary current J. Performance Js determined bythe highest current that ean be reproduced without saturation ¢o cause large ers Using the CT equivaleat circuit and excitation curves, thefllon- ‘ng procedure ean be used to determine CT performance