Name of the Student :

Matrix Number : Experiment Number :

Class : Batch : Date:

Step Up DC chopper
1. OBJECTIVES
To study the operation of a step-UP DC chopper.
2. THEORETICAL REVIEW
In a.c. circuits, the transformer converts electric power efficiently from one voltage level to another
voltage level. DC-to-DC converters do a similar job in DC circuits are called choppers. The operation
of transformer is based on an alternating magnitude field. But in choppers, the voltage conversion is
achieved using high frequency power semiconductor switches, which operate either in fully ON or
fully OFF state. Choppers are widely used for DC motor control, electric vehicles, trolley cars, lamp
loads, heater loads and in DC voltage regulators. DC choppers provide smooth acceleration control,
high efficiency and fast dynamic response in electric vehicles.

They are classified as:

1. Buck converter i.e. Vo < Vin (step down)

2. Boost converter i.e. Vo > Vin (step up)

3. Buck Boost converter (combination of both)

The circuit configuration of a chopper can be designed either to step down or step up the input
voltage level. In this experiment, the operation of step up chopper circuit is studied. The two modes
of operation of step up chopper are explained as follows:

TWO MODES OF OPERATION OF CHOPPER

T t Mode 1: ON 0 When the switch (S) is ON by applying a gating pulse VG as shown in Fig.1(a),
the device voltage Vd (drop across the switch) becomes zero and the load voltage Vo = Vin.

Hence Vo = Vin = Io*R

Combining Mode 1 (M1) and Mode 2 (M2)

1. In mode M1, the switch S closes for TON seconds. During this period, the input voltage appears
across the load.
2. In mode M2, the switch S opens for TOFF seconds. For this period, the output voltage becomes
zero.
3. The sum of TON and TOFF is called chopping period, T and chopping frequency is equal to 1/T.

STEP UP CHOPPER

Neglecting, the voltage drop across the switch, the average output voltage Vo ,avg is given by
It is clear that the average output voltage Vo,avg depends on the TON and T.
It can be varied by varying either the chopping frequency (f) or by varying TON. Thus the power
flow in the circuit can be controlled.
The switch shown in Fig.3, can be any one of the following power semiconductor
devices:
i) SCR
ii) ii) power transistor (power-BJT)
iii) iii) power-MOSFET
iv) iv) IGBT and v) GTO.

3. FORMULAE

4. COMPONENTS

1. STEP UP CHOPPER
2. CRO
3. Connecting Wires
4. CRO probe
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

Theoretical Diagrams

POW ER

ON
STEP UP CHOPPER TRA INER

VFB VREF
PWM
CO NTRO L

PWM G ATE
CO N T R O L L ER D R IVE R
CFB

FR EQ UENC Y + -
CO NTROL
20A
GND

+ -
200V

H FD
+ A -
50 uH
+
FU SE
FEE DBAC K FE E DBAC K
O N/OFF ON /OFF
~
CIRCUIT
+ BRE AKE R
+
100E

4700 u F OUTP UT
+ - 100E
R EC TIFIE R 12V DC 1 000 0u F 10K /1 0W
220V - +
CFB
VFB

~ - - 100E
6. Precautions

1. Ensure the switch is in OFF position while doing circuit connection.

2. Ensure pulse release switch in OFF position whenever power is switched ON.
 Do not operate chopper at high current mix. than 1A .Otherwise it will get tripped.
 Keep the frequency control minimum at higher operating load current.
 Don’t touch the parts while loading the chopper. False effect will take place, cases shut
down chopper.
 Chopper is protected with fuse & circuit breaker, make sure the circuit breaker & fuses are
proper running condition while operating.
 The CRO observation in the CRO take very carefully.
 The duty cycle varies in the chopper circuit 0-33% .
 Keep the PWM control & frequency control minimum while status of the chopper circuit.

7.MANUAL DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

 - Connect the circuit as shown in connection diagram.

 After that switch on the trainer.
 Connect ammeter in series and voltmeter in parallel for measurement of current and output
voltage respectively.
 There is gate driver pulse is present for switch on the MOSFET.
 For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current.
 Now check the output voltage which is varied between (12-25V) easily check by voltmeter.
 The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are tabulated.
 Repeat the same procedure for step up chopper
 Waveform of the chopper is shown below.
 And you can easily check theoretical value of output voltage by above given formulas and
compare with practical value.

Observation Table:

During the load current setting at 1A in each voltage keep frequency control minimum setting.

Donot exceeds the current 1A at higher voltage the chopper circuit will tripped every time.

LOAD CURRENT=0.25A, 0.5A, 0.75A

8. WORKSHEETS

Chopping Chopping OFF ON Theoretical Practical Input

frequency(fs) period(T) period period output output voltage(Vin)
(Ton) voltage(Vout) voltage(Vout)
(Toff)

9. Waveforms:

10. RESULT: