#007

Test No.1

Test name: Flow test of fresh concrete.

Introduction:
The consistency is the relative mobility or ability of a freshly
mixed concrete to flow or it is the degree of wetting of concrete.
The test suffers from the drawback that the concrete may scatter
on the flow disk with a tendency towards segregation. The
consistency of the fresh concrete can be classified to dry, stiff,
medium or plastic, wet, and sloppy, as shown in the following
table.

%Flow Consistency
0-20 Dry
15-60 Stiff
50-100 plastic
90-120 Wet
110-150 Sloppy

Purpose:

To determine the consistency of freshly mixed concrete and its

tendency to segregation.

Materials:

1- Cement.
2- Fine aggregate (sand).
3- Coarse aggregate (gravel).
4- Water.

1
Apparatus:

1- Flow test device: consists of a steel square disk of (L*W)

800mm*700mm.
2- Flow test mold consists of a frustum of cone with a base diameter
200mm, top diameter 130mm and height 203mm.
3- Standard tamping rod with 600mm length and 16mm diameter
round end.
4- Balance.
5- Pan, trowel and scoop.
6- Hand gloves.

Procedure:
1- Prepare the mix with a proportion 1:2:4 and w/c 0.5 and 0.6 for two
groups.
2- Clean the surface of the disk with a moist cloth.
3- Place the mold on the center of the disk.
4- Fill the mold with the concrete in two layers, each layer is tamped
25 times with a standard tamping rod.
5- Remove the excess concrete on the surface of the mold by rolling
the rod, and clean the surface of the disk around the mold.
6- Slowly remove the mold.
7- The disk is lifted and allowed to drop 15 times.
8- Measure the diameter of the spread concrete from 6 directions, and
take the average diameter.

2
Calculation:

D 2 − D1
% FLOW = x100
D1

D2: Is average diameter of fresh concrete from 6 directions.

D1: Is cone base of flow test mold which is 200 mm.

3
 Test No.2

Test name: Slump test of fresh concrete.

Introduction:
The slump test indicates how easily concrete can be placed and compacted or the
workability of concrete. The slump test is very useful on site as a check on the day to
day or hour to hour variation in the materials being fed into the mixer. An increase in
slump may mean, for instance, that the moisture content of aggregate has
unexpectedly increased, another cause would be change in gradation of the aggregate,
such as a deficiency of sand. Too high or too low a slump gives immediate warning
and enables the mixer operator to remedy the situation. This application of the slump
test, as well as its simplicity, is responsible for its widespread use. The magnitude of
slump for different work abilities is given in the following table.

Slump 0-25 25-50 50-100 100-175

Mm
Workability Very low Low Medium High

Purpose:

To determine the slump of freshly mixed concrete both in the laboratory and in the
site.

4
Materials:

1- Cement.
2- Fine aggregate (sand).
3- Coarse aggregate (gravel).
4- Water.

Apparatus:
1- Mold consists of a frustum of a con with a base diameter 203mm, top diameter
102mm and height 305mm.
2- Standard tamping rod with 600mm length and 16mm diameter round end.
3- Balance.
4- Pan, trowel and scoop.
5- Hand gloves.

5
 Procedure:

1- Prepare the mix with a proportion 1:2:4 and w/c 0.5 and 0.6. Slump cone

2- Damper the mould and place it with its larger base at the bottom, on a flat moist
rigid surface.
3- Hold the mould firmly in place by standing on the two foot pieces.

Tamping procedure

4- Fill the mould with the concrete in three layers, each layer is tamped 25 times with
a standard tamping rod.
5- Remove the excess concrete on the surface of the mold by rolling the rod.

6- Slowly remove the mould by raising it up carefully.

Removing cone.
7- Measure the slump by determining the vertical distance between the top of
The mould and the displaced original center of the top of the specimen.

6
 Height measurement

DATA SHEET

Name of the student:

Group NO. :

Date:

Test name: 1- FLOW TEST

Group W/C D1(mm) D2(mm) % FLOW Consistency

No.

1 200

2 200

Test name: 2- SLUMP TEST

Group Slump Workability

NO. mm
1

7
 Test NO.3

Test name: Compacting factor of fresh concrete.

Introduction:
The degree of compaction achieved by a standard amount of work is
determined. The degree of compaction, called the compacting factor, is
measured by the density ratio, i.e. the ratio of the density actually
achieved in the test to the density of the same concrete fully compacted.

Purpose:
To determine the workability of freshly mixed concrete.

Materials:
1- Cement.
2- Fine aggregate(sand).
3- Coarse aggregate(gravel).
4- Water.

Apparatus:
1- Compacting factor apparatus consists essentially of two hoppers, each
in the shape of frustum of a cone, and one cylinder, the three being
above one another.

2- Standard tamping rod with 600mm length and 16mm diameter round
end .

3- Balance.

4- Pan, trowel and scoop.

5- Hand gloves.

1
Procedure:
1-Prepare the mix with a proportion 1:2:4 and W/C 0.5 and 0.6 for two
groups.

2- Weight the empty cylinder, let be (W1).

3- Damper the inside surfaces of the hoppers.

4- Fill the upper hopper with concrete.

5-The bottom door of the hopper is released and the concrete falls into
the lower hopper.

6- The bottom door of the lower hopper is released and the concrete
falls into the cylinder.

7- Remove the excess concrete on the surface of the cylinder by rolling

the tamping rod.

8- Weight the cylinder filled by concrete, let be (W2).

9- Fill the cylinder with concrete in four layers, each layer is tamped 20
times with a standard tamping rod.

10- Weight the cylinder with fully compacted concrete, let be (W3).

Calculation:
W2−W1
Compacting factor = *100
W3−W1

2
 Test NO.4

Test Name: Vebe test of fresh concrete.

Introduction:
The name Vebe is derived from the initials of V. bahrner of Sweden who
developed the test. In this test the workability of concrete measured by
the amount of work required to change the shape of concrete sample
from a frustum of cone to cylinder. This is done by using a vibrating
table with an eccentric weight rotation at 50 Hz.

Purpose:
To determine the workability of freshly mixed concrete.

Materials:
1- Cement.

2- Fine aggregate (sand).

3- Coarse aggregate (gravel).

4- Water.

Apparatus:
1- Vebe apparatus consists of:
i. A cylinder with 240mm in diameter and 200mm high.
ii. Vibrating table.
iii. Transparent rider (disc-shaped) weighing 2.75 kg.
2- Slump cone.
3- Standard tamping rod with 600mm length and 16mm diameter
rounded end.
3
4- Balance.
5- Pan, trowel and scoop.
6- Hand gloves.

Procedure:
1- Prepare the mix with a proportion 1:2:4 and W/C 0.5 and 0.6 for two
groups.

2-Damper the slump cone and place it with its larger base at the bottom,
inside the cylinder.

3- Fill the slump cone in the standard manner.

4- Remove the excess concrete on the surface of the slump cone.

5- Slowly remove the mold by raising it up carefully.

6-The transparent rider is placed on top of concrete.

7- Switch on the vibrator, compaction is assumed to be complete when

the transparent rider is totally covered with concrete and all cavities in
the surface of the concrete have disappeared.

8- Record the time required for completing the compaction (the

transparent rider is totally covered with concrete).

4
 DATA SHEET

Name of the student:

Group NO.:

Date:

Test name:
1- Compacting factor test.
2- Vebe test.

Compacting Factor
Vebe
Group NO. W/C time
sec
W1 W2 W3 Comp.
Fact.

1 0.5

2 0.6

5
 Test NO.5-6
Test Name: Compressive strength of cube
and Cylindrical concrete specimens.

Introduction:-

The most common of all tests on hardened concrete is the compressive

strength test. Because is concrete strong in compression. Concrete besides
strong in compression is also good in other qualities. Higher the
compressive strength better is the durability. And its important in R.C.C.
work, also indicates extent of control exercised during contraction test for
compressive strength. There for is very important in quality control of
concrete.

Purpose:
To find compressive strength of hardened concrete.

Materials:
1- Ordinary Portland cement it shall be stored in a dry place in moisture
proof container.
2- Aggregates: samples of aggregate for each batch of concrete, shall be
of the desired grading and shall be in an air – dried condition.
3- Water.

1
Apparatus and molds:
1- Compressive testing machine with a capacity at least 500KN and
accuracy 1KN.
2- Steel cube molds of (100x100x100) mm internal dimension.
3- Steel cylinder mold of (d=100, h=200) mm internal dimension.
4- Vibrator machine.
5- Tamping rod it shall round straight steel rod with at least tamping and
rounded, the diameter of the rod is 16mm.
6- Balance.
7- Sampling and mixing pan.
8- Water path for curing.
9- Hand gloves, trowel and scoop.
10- Glass graduates.
Procedures:
1- Mixing concrete in a suitable mixer or by hand.
2- Oiling the internal faces of the mold.
3- Place the concrete in the mold in "3" layer of a proximally equal
volume, then each layer shall be compacted either by hand or by
vibration. When compacted by hand, the number of strokes per layer is
"25".
4- After the top layer has been compacted, the surface of concrete shall be
level with top of the mold, using trowel.
5- Store the molds in air under temperature about 20±1 ℃ and a
minimum relative humidity 90% for 24±1 hour.
6- Open the molds and take out the specimens, then submerge in a water
bath of temp. about 20±1℃ until the moment of test.
7- Testing the specimens at the age of "3, 7, 28" days by test machine and
apply the loud with gradual rate up to failure.
8- Record the maximum loud (failure loud) compute the consist by
dividing the failure loud on the section of specimen.

2
Calculation:-

Calculation of compressive strength as:-

max.loud (failure loud ) (N)

FC =
cross−section area of cubic (mm2)

max.loud (failure loud ) (N)

FĆ =
cross−section area of cylinder (mm2)

3
 Test NO.7
Name Test: Splitting strength test of concrete.

Introduction:
We know of tensile strength in concrete is of value in estimating the loud
under which cracking will develop. The absence of cracking is of
considerable importance in maintaining the continuity of concrete
structure and preventing corrosion of reinforcement. There is infrequent
to uses the test direct tensile strength of harden concrete, to estimate
strength of concrete, because of it is difficult to sported the sample of the
machine, there for we use the undirected test to estimate the tensile
strength of hardened concrete. Also to avoid secondary stresses.

Purpose:
To find undirected tensile strength of hardened concrete.

Materials, molds and appearances:

The same of compressive strength "Cylinder only".

Procedures:
1- Method of filling the mould, curing and measuring the same as done of
compressive strength test.

2- Place the specimen in the testing machine through loading section

continually between two ply wood plates this is make loud distribution on
the sample.

3- Apply loud carefully and increasing continuously the loud shall be

increased until the specimen fails and the max. loud applied to the
specimen during the test shall be recorded.
1
Calculation:
Determine the splitting strength by formula:

2P
Fsp =
πDL

Fsp: Splitting strength (N/mm2).

P: Max. applied loud(N).
D: Diameter of specimen (mm).
L: Length of specimen(mm).

2
 Data sheet

Test No:-
Test name:-

Name of student:-
Group No:-
Date:-
Group Age Failure Splitting
No. load strength
days N Mpa

3
 Data sheet

Test No:-
Test name:-

Name of student:-
Group No:-
Date:-
Group Age Failure Cross section Compressive
No. load area strength
days N mm2 Mpa

4
 Test NO.8
Test Name: Flexure test.

Introduction:
We know of tensile strength in concrete is of value in estimating the
loud under which cracking will develop. The absence of cracking is of
considerable importance in maintaining the continuity of concrete
structure and preventing corrosion of reinforcement.

Purpose:
To find the tensile strength of concrete by estimate modulus of
rupture.

Materials, molds and appearances:

The same of compressive strength expect the molds size
(150,150,600) mm and its shape parallelized.

Procedures:
1- Method of filling the mold, curing and measuring the same as done
of compressive strength test.

2- Place the specimen in the testing machine, the load shall be

applied to the long middle points.

3- Apply load carefully and increasing continuously at a rate of 400

N/min, the load shall be increased until the specimen fails and the
max. load applied to the specimen during the test shall be recorded.

1
Calculation:

Determine the modulus of rupture (flexure strength) by formula:

3PL
Fr =
2bd2

Fr: Modulus of rupture.(N/mm2)

P: Max. applied loud (N).

L: Span length (mm).

b: width of specimen (mm).

d: depth of specimen(mm).

2
 Data sheet

Test No:-
Test name:-

Name of student:-
Group No:-
Date:-

Group Age Failure Modules of

No. load Rupture
days N strength
Mpa

3
 Test NO.9
Test Name:- Schmidt rebound hammer test
Introduction:
This test method covers the determination of a rebound
number of hardened concrete using a spring-driven steel
hammer.

Purpose:
The rebound hammer method cloud be used for:

● Assessing the like compressive strength of concrete with the

help of suitable co-relation between rebound index and
compressive strength

● Assessing the uniform concert

● Assessing the quality of the concrete in relation to standard

requirement and

● Assessing the quality of one element of concrete in relation to

another

Apparatus

Rebound hammer .

1
Procedure

(i) Smoothen the concrete surface with the help of the carbon
stone removing any loosely adhered scale to the concrete
surface.

(ii) Rough surfaces resulting from incomplete compaction, loss of

grout, spilled or tooled surfaces do not give reliable results and
should be avoided.

(iii) The point of impact should be at least 20 mm away from any

edge or shape discontinuity.

(iv) The rebound hammer measurements can be taken at any angle,

vertically upwards, down- wards, horizontal, or any
intermediate angle as the situation demands.

(v) Six readings are taken about each point of observation and the
average of these readings after deleting outliners becomes the
rebound index for the point of observation.

Influence of test conditions

1. Influence of type of cement

Concretes made with high alumina cement can give strengths 100 per
cent higher than that with ordinary Portland cement. Concretes
made with super sulphated cement can give 50 per cent lower
strength than that with Ordinary Portland Cement.

2. Influence of type of aggregate

Different types of aggregate used in concrete give different

correlations between compressive strength and rebound
numbers. Normal aggregates such as gravels and crushed rock

2
 aggregates give similar correlations, but concrete made with
light-weight aggregates require special calibration.

3. Influence of surface condition and moisture content of concrete

The rebound hammer method is suitable only for close texture

concrete. Open texture concrete typical of masonry blocks,
honeycombed concrete or no fines concrete are unsuitable for
this test. All correlations assume full compaction, as the
strength of partially compacted concrete. A wet surface will
give rise to underestimation of the strength of concrete
calibrated under dry conditions. In structural concrete, this can
be about 20 per cent lower than in an equivalent dry concrete.

4. Influence of curing and age of concrete

The relationship between hardness and strength varies as a function

of time. Variations in initial rate of hardening, subsequent
curing and conditions of exposure also influence the
relationship. Separate calibration curves are required for
different curing regimes but the effect of age can generally be
ignored for concrete between 3 days and 3 months old.

5. Influence of carbonation of concrete surface

Carbonated concrete gives an overestimate of strength which in

extreme cases can be up to 50 per cent. It is possible to
establish correction factors by removing the carbonated layer
and testing the concrete with the rebound hammer on the un-
carbonated concrete.

3
Calculation:

Determine the compressive strength by malty empirical

equations one of these :-

Fc = 0.01914 R 2.185

4
 Test NO.10
Test Name:- ULTRASONIC PULSE TECHNIQUE
Introduction:
Pulses of compression waves are generated by an electro-acoustical
transducer that is held in contact with one surface of the concrete
under test. After traversing through the concrete, the pulses are
received and converted into electrical energy by a second transducer
located a distance L from the transmitting transducer. The transit
time T is measured electronically. The pulse velocity V is calculated
by dividing L by T.

Purpose:
The ultrasonic pulse velocity method could be used to establish:

●The homogeneity of the concrete,

● The presence of cracks, voids and other imperfections,

● Changes in the structure of the concrete which may occur with

time,

● The quality of the concrete in relation to standard

requirements,

● The quality of one element of concrete in relation to

another.

● The values of dynamic elastic modulus of the concrete.

1
Apparatus
• Electrical pulse generator

• Transducer - one pair

• Amplifier

• Electronic timing device

Procedure
In this method, the ultrasonic pulse is produced by the transducer
which is held in contact with one surface of the concrete member
under test. After traversing a known path length (L) in the concrete,
the pulse of vibrations is converted into an electrical signal by the
second transducer held in contact with .the other surface of the
concrete member on an electronic timing circuit which enables the
transit' time (T) of the pulse to be measured. The pulse velocity (V) is
given by: {V=L/T}.

Precautions

(a) There should be adequate acoustical coupling between the

concrete surface and the transducer.

(b) If the surface of concrete is rough, it is essential to smoothen

the surface.

(c) High frequency transducers should be used for short path

lengths and low frequency transducers for longer path lengths.

(d) For concretes having maximum nominal size of aggregate as 20

mm or less minimum path length should be 100 mm and for
concrete having maximum nominal size of aggregate between
20 mm to 40 mm the minimum path length should be 150 mm.

2
Influence of test conditions

(1) Influence of surface conditions and moisture

content of concrete
Surface of the concrete should be smooth, to ensure good
acoustical coupling between the transducer against the concrete
surface. If the surface is rough and uneven, it is necessary to
smoothen the surface. In general, the pulse velocity through concrete
increases with increased moisture con- tent of concrete. This
influence is more for low strength concrete than high strength
concrete. The pulse velocity of saturated concrete may be up to 2 per
cent higher than that of similar dry concrete.

(2) Influence of path length, shape and size of the

concrete member
As concrete in inherently heterogeneous, it is essential that
path lengths be sufficiently long so as to avoid any error introduced
due to its heterogeneity.

(3) Influence of temperature of concrete

Variations of the concrete temperature between 5 and 30°C do
not significantly affect the pulse velocity measurements of concrete.
At temperatures between 30 to 60°C there can be reduction in Pulse
velocity up to 5 per cent. Below freezing point temperature, the free
water freezes within concrete, resulting in an increase in pulse
velocity up to 7.5 per cent.

3
(4) Effect of reinforcing bars
The pulse velocity measured in reinforce concrete in the vicinity of
reinforcing bars is usually higher than in plain concrete of the same
composition .This is because ,the pulse velocity in steel is 1.2 to 1.9
times the velocity in plain concrete.

Calculation:
Determine the compressive strength by malty empirical
equations one of these :-

Fc = 0.02616 e1.446*V

Correlation Compressive Strength From Both Tests

(Combined Methods )

Fc= 0.0002781 * R3.198 + 0.0001426*V 7.333