Gerund

When the 4th form of a verb plays a role of a NOUN (Subject, Object – whether direct or indirect) within
a sentence, it is gerund.

It never takes any helping verb before it. Because a noun doesn’t take any helping verb before it.

Examples

1- I love writing.

2- Writing is an art.

3- Qualifying requires hard work.

4- Swimming is an exercise.

5- Fighting is a bad activity.

6- Singing makes me happy.

7- Smoking is injurious to health.

8- Teaching is a passion.

9- Shamshad makes singing a priority.

Important Points

1- A gerund is always a noun because it always works as a noun.

2- It doesn’t take any helping verb before it because a noun doesn’t take them.

3- Because it is a noun, it can take Article, Possessive Adjective, Modifier, Quantifier, etc. before it.

4- It can become the subject or the object of a sentence.

4th form of verb

1- I am teaching.

2- They are learning.

3- We were swimming.

4- They were fighting.

5- He was preparing himself for the CSS exam.

Important Points
• A 4th form of the verb always takes a helping verb before it and always displays a continuous
tense.

• It can never become the subject or the object of a sentence.

• It can never take any Article, Possessive Adjective, Modifier, Quantifier, etc. before it, because
verbs don’t take these thing before them.

Advanced Examples

1- Shamshad made preparing herself for the CSS exam.

2- Shamshad made singing a priority.

3- Would you like my teaching style?

4- Would you mind my talking with you.

5- She would love my explaining her the situation.

6- They would never allow their coming in the party.

7- Would they love my coming to the hall?

8- Sharing is caring.

9- Loving is caring.

10- Shopping is wasting.

11- I enjoy teaching my students new concepts.

12- I love giving my thoughts words.

13- She gets nervous about flying.

14- Let us go for shopping today.

15- We go running each morning.

16- She goes shopping daily.

17- His greatest fear is driving.

18- He is driving his car.

19- Her only love is smoking.

20- What I hate most is smoking.

21- The only thing that I want to learn today is writing.

Important Points

• A gerund is always singular.

• A singular gerund working as the subject of a sentence always takes a singular verb.

• Two singular gerunds follow the same rule I taught yesterday.

Gerund Phrase

A gerund phrase is a group of words starting with a gerund and ending in a

noun/pronoun/adjective/adverb.

Examples

1- Apologizing to your parents is not enough.

2- Feeding the poor is liked by everybody.

3- Smoking cigarettes continuously will never fade away your repentance.

4- Brave people hate quitting things in between.

5- Dancing to the tunes of foreign donners will surely not help Pakistan become economically
independent.

6- Giving my thoughts words always makes me feel happy.

7- Watching cricket matches helped none qualify for the CSS exam.

His running towards bureaucracy is really serious.

His wanting bureaucracy is really serious.

Her talking with you was not that much disturbing.

Eating small meals throughout the day can help you be in shape.

Eating small meals throughout the day helps you be in shape.

A serious danger to this nation is nurturing under unscrupulous politicians.

Disturbing Verbs

Help, Get, Make, Have, Let

These verbs always take the first form of verb if they are used in a sentence. No matter in whatever
tense they are used in a sentence.

Structure

……. + Help/Get/Make/Have/Let + Noun/Pronoun + First form of the verb + ……..

Important Rules

1- We do not place (To + 1st V) after these verbs.

2- We also do not place (Forth form of verb) after these verbs.

3- We do not place (Gerund) after these verbs.

4- We do not place (any verb phrases) after these verbs.

5- We only have to place the first form of the verb after these verbs.

Examples

• Let me help you to give your thoughts words.

• Let me help you giving your thoughts words.

• Let me help you has been giving your thoughts words.

• Let me help you have given your thoughts words.

• Let me help you give your thoughts words.

• Pakistan helped Afghanistan eradicate terrorism in their territory.

• He made me prepare for the CSS exam.

• He got me try this once more.

Qualifying for the CSS exam and stepping into Pakistan’s bureaucracy demands aspirants work hard and
learn English communication skills, upon which their fate dangles