NAME: PHALGUNI MUTHA.

ROLL NO: 14.

CLASS: SY.BBA.IB
DIV: A.
SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS.
TOPIC: ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING AND WAYS TO REDUCE
CARBON FOOTPRINT.
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 3/12/2022.
• GLOBAL WARMING.
Global warming is the phenomenon of a gradual increase in the temperature near the earth’s
surface. This phenomenon has been observed over the
past one or two centuries. This change has disturbed the
climatic pattern of the earth. However, the concept of
global warming is quite controversial but the scientists
have provided relevant data in support of the fact that the
temperature of the earth is rising constantly.
There are several causes of global warming, which have a
negative effect on humans, plants and animals. These
causes may be natural or might be the outcome of human
activities. In order to curb the issues, it is very important
to understand the negative impacts of global warming.

• ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON CLIMATE.

Irregular weather patterns have already started showing results. Increased precipitation in the
form of rain have already been noticed in polar and sub polar regions. More global warming
will lead to more evaporation which will cause more rains. Animals and plants cannot easily
adapt to increase rainfall. Plants may die due to it and animals may migrate to other areas,
which can cause entire ecosystem out of balance.

• ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON POLAR ICECAPES &

GLACIERS.
The cold epoch ended in the middle of the nineteenth century and the
climate began to warm in the last century and a half, quicker in the
first half especially in the Polar regions. In the decade starting 1920,
average annual temperatures in the Arctic had risen by 2° to 4°C,
along with frequent cyclonic activity in the northern latitudes.
Glaciers retreated in mountains almost everywhere: By 1950, glacier
area shrunk by 25 per cent in Switzerland and by 15 per cent in the
Caucasus. Although mountain glaciers sporadically advanced in the
1920s and 1960s, these cold periods were short and limited in scope
and, by 2000, the steady rise in temperature became global. Global
warming has caused serious concern and has been the subject of
discussions amongst scientists and decision makers. The UN
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment
reports verify that surface air temperatures are rising. Undoubtedly,
this warming is one of the factors for faster melting of mountain
glaciers and ice sheets, with the exception of the Antarctic ice sheet
that stores about 90 per cent of global ice. And studies of the
Antarctic ice sheet over the past 50 years show that, not with standing measurement errors, the
ice mass did not diminish, which demonstrates its stability. However, the slow rise in sea levels
caused by thermal expansion of oceanic water and by the melting of the Greenland ice sheet
and other polar and mountain glaciers is of great importance to coastal populations. Against
this background of climate change, I will try to explain how glaciers become unstable, or surge
into surrounding areas threatening human populations, and how to monitor against such surges.

• ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON SEA.

Global mean sea level has risen about 8–9 inches (21–24 centimetres) since 1880. The rising
water level is mostly due to a combination of melt water from glaciers and ice sheets and
thermal expansion of seawater as it warms. In 2021, global mean sea level was 97 millimetres
(3.8 inches) above 1993 levels, making it the
highest annual average in the satellite record
(1993-present). The global mean water level in the
ocean rose by 0.14 inches (3.6 millimetres) per
year from 2006–2015, which was 2.5 times the
average rate of 0.06 inches (1.4 millimetres) per
year throughout most of the twentieth century. By
the end of the century, global mean sea level is
likely to rise at least one foot (0.3 meters) above
2000 levels, even if greenhouse gas emissions follow a relatively low pathway in coming
decades. In some ocean basins, sea level has risen as much as 6-8 inches (15-20 centimetres)
since the start of the satellite record. Regional differences exist because of natural variability
in the strength of winds and ocean currents, which influence how much and where the deeper
layers of the ocean store heat.

• ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

Global warming is a serious issue, and it’s a term that means the planet is experiencing a
gradual warming of temperatures due to an increase in gasses and pollutants like carbon
monoxide and CFCs. These pollutants are causing what is popularly known today as “the
Greenhouse Effect”. Whatever we call it, global warming is impacting every living being on
planet earth including plants and animals, in addition to ice caps melting, increasing sea levels
and the extinction of plant and animal species.
 • ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AGRICULTURE.
One of the most important resources society depends upon is agriculture. With so much
irrefutable evidence demonstrating that global warming is indeed occurring and that
ecosystems worldwide are already feeling the effects
and having to adapt, the protection of agricultural
resources is critical. Without the successful
adaptation of agriculture and livestock to the long-
term changes of climate due to global warming,
future adaptation for anything would be difficult.
Agricultural systems are influenced by several
environmental factors—especially weather and
climate. Agriculture and livestock depend on the
health and well-being of soil conditions such as the
presence and quality of organic matter and
availability of adequate moisture. If the progression of global warming upsets the balance of
any of these biophysical properties (precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, and organic
matter), agriculture and livestock will be negatively affected.

• ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON ECONOMY.

The Fourth National Climate Assessment,
published in 2018, warned that if we do not curb
greenhouse gas emissions and start to adapt,
climate change could seriously disrupt the U.S.
economy. Warmer temperatures, sea level rise
and extreme weather will damage property and
critical infrastructure, impact human health and
productivity, and negatively affect sectors such
as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism.
The demand for energy will increase as power
generation becomes less reliable, and water supplies will be stressed. Damage to other countries
around the globe will also affect U.S. business through disruption in trade and supply chains.
A recent report examined how climate change could affect 22 different sectors of the economy
under two different scenarios: if global temperatures rose 2.8˚ C from pre-industrial levels by
2100, and if they increased by 4.5˚ C. The study projected that if the higher-temperature
scenario prevails, climate change impacts on these 22 sectors could cost the U.S. $520 billion
each year. If we can keep to 2.8˚ C, it would cost $224 billion less. In any case, the U.S. stands
to suffer large economic losses due to climate change, second only to India, according to
another study.
 • ADVERSE EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON NATURAL DISASTER.
With a documented increase in average global surface temperatures of 0.6 degrees C since
1975, Earth now appears to be warming due to a variety of climatic effects, most notably the
cascading effects of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities. There remains,
however, no universal agreement on how rapidly, regionally, or asymmetrically the planet will
warm or on the true impact of global warming on
natural disasters and public health outcomes.
Most reports to date of the public health impact
of global warming have been anecdotal and
retrospective in design and have focused on the
increase in heat-stroke deaths following heat
waves and on outbreaks of airborne and
arthropod-borne diseases following tropical rains
and flooding that resulted from fluctuations in
ocean temperatures. The effects of global
warming on rainfall and drought, tropical cyclone and tsunami activity, and tectonic and
volcanic activity will have far-reaching public health effects not only on environmentally
associated disease outbreaks but also on global food supplies and population movements. As a
result of these and other recognized associations between climate change and public health
consequences, many of which have been confounded by deficiencies in public health
infrastructure and scientific debates over whether climate changes are spawned by atmospheric
cycles or anthropogenic influences, the active responses to progressive climate change must
include combinations of economic, environmental, legal, regulatory, and, most importantly,
public health measures.

• WAYS TO REDUCE CARBON FOOTPRINT.

1.Eat low on the food chain.
2.Choose organic and local foods that are in season. Transporting food
from far away, whether by truck, ship, rail or plane, uses fossil fuels for
fuel and for cooling to keep foods in transit from spoiling.
3.Buy foodstuffs in bulk when possible, using your own reusable
container.
4.Reduce your food waste by planning meals ahead of time, freezing the
excess and reusing leftovers.
5.C Buy less stuff! And buy used or recycled items whenever possible.
6.Bring your own reusable bag when you shop.
7.Try to avoid items with excess packaging.
8.If you’re in the market for a new computer, opt for a laptop instead of a
desktop. Laptops require less energy to charge and operate than desktops.