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A Six-fold Theory of Reality

By

Ian Beardsley

Copyright © 2023 by Ian Beardsley



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Contents

Abstract………………………………………………………………………….3

0.0 Six-Fold Symmetry and The Periodic Table…………………4

1.0 The Constant k………………………………………………………….9

2.0 Sixfold Nature of Protons…………………………………………..13

3.0 The Proton Radius…………………………………………………….19

4.0 Orbital Velocities as Six……………………………………………..21

5.0 Atomic Systems Mirror Planetary Systems………………….26

6.0 Rigorous Formulation of Proton-Seconds……………………34

7.0 Theory of Compounds……………………………………………….37

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….43

Appendix 1…………………………………………………………………….45

Appendix 2……………………………………………………………………46

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We show that if we base reality on six-fold symmetry we find it is described on every level for all
of the building blocks from the microcosmos to the macrocosmos from the atoms to the particles
from which they are made (protons) to the skeletal structure of life at it chemical basis the
hydrocarbons, to the planets and the moon. This is a rough sketch of the basis of reality as six-
fold unfolding where we can predict the radius of a proton and its charge. It all seems to waver
around six, sometimes very closely, but we should keep in mind there should be some room for
play because for something to have its function based on six it might only has to waver around
it. We suggest from what we find about the moon, that the curious fact that it perfectly eclipses
the sun as seen from the Earth, that it is there like that to have let us know since the time we
were perhaps chipping stones to make spearpoints around the fire at night, that we are not alone
in the universe. We formulate the idea of proton-seconds and find it suggests we can make a
mathematical formulation of the elements and their compounds aside from our chemical
description.


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0.0 Six-Fold Symmetry and The Periodic Table

We want to suggest that for a physical theory of reality the best basis for it is to begin with six-
fold symmetry. What do I mean by this? I like to start here, with a cube. It has six faces and as
such we see that six points describe a location in that putting six points at the center of each face
of the cube and connecting the points that oppose one another describes the location at its
center (O):

We let this represent 6 ⋅ 1 = 6

We notice each of these points on a face require two numbers in each face to describe them. So
twelve numbers become necessary:

We let this represent 2 ⋅ 6 = 12. This is a big reason that 6-fold

symmetry describes so much so well because 12 is the smallest
abundant number. It is evenly divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and
1+2+3+4+6=16 is greater than 12.

Or, you can describe the point with three numbers but since there are six faces there are six
choices to do this:

We let this represent 3 ⋅ 6 = 18

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From this we get our special ratios that are at the basis of the Natural systems which are
respectively in the the lengths of the unit lines in a plane and in space:

12 + 12 = 2
2
12 + 2 = 3

Which are irrational. We see them here:

These are:

2cos(π /4) = 2cos(45∘) = 2

2cos(π /6) = 2cos(60∘) = 3

But where is the golden ratio? It is in the regular pentagon:

5+1
2cos(π /5) = 2cos(36∘) =
2

Where is the unit 1? It is in the equilateral triangle, the most basic and stable structure, the first
2D object enclosed by straight lines:

2cos(π /3) = 2cos(30∘) = 1

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Space is characterized by a 3 x 3 matrix because we can use it to do the cross product and form a
normal to two vectors in a plane. Let us pull out of the periodic table a 3 X 3 matrix from one we
will talk about in section 7.0 that we will see is pivotal to it.

3 × 3 = area = 9

A cube has six such faces, and each face finds it center (O) with two lines: 2 × 3 = 6
The center of a cube is found by 3 lines: one over, one in, one up:

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The periodic table is periodic over 18 groups. 2, 3 are the

smallest primes, the lowest factors in which we can factor
numbers, we have in conclusion

2⋅3=6
3⋅3=9
2 ⋅ 9 = 18
3 ⋅ 6 = 18



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1.0 The Constant k

We suggest there exists some k that serves as a constant that describes both the microcosmos
and macrocosmos from the proton, to the atoms, to planetary orbits. It is such that the square
root of it times the earth orbital velocity is 6, because we are guessing we are dealing with six-
fold symmetry as the basis of Nature. That is

Eq. 1.1 k ve = 6

We have that k is

4 8π 3G
Eq. 1.2 k = mp (1 + α) ⋅ NA
3 c 3h

This follows from what Warren Giordano noticed that

Eq. 1.3 h(1 + α) ⋅ 10 23 = G

Without the right units. I noticed since Avogadro’s number is 6.02 × 10 23 ≈ 6 × 10 23 that I
could introduce an equation of state for the periodic tables of the elements:
gr a m
Eq. 1.4 ℍ=1
atom
(1 + α) kg 2 ⋅ s
Eq. 1.5 h NA H = 6.0003
G m
Let us say we were to consider Any Element say carbon ℂ. Then in general

(1 + α) s
h ⋅ NA = 6.0003kg 2 ⋅
G m
We have

6gr a m s 6(6E 23pr oton s)

ℂ= and NA =
6pr oton s 6gr a m s
Because there are six grams of protons in carbon which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons and a
molar mass of 12. We have

12-6=6 grams of protons in the 12 grams of protons and neutrons. Thus

NAℂ = 6E 23
And it follows that

(1 + α) s
h ⋅ NAℂ = 6.0003kg 2 ⋅
G m
𝔼
𝔼
𝔼

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We see in general since the atomic number Z is the number of protons in an atom that in general
this holds for all elements because

Z ⋅ 6E 23pr oton s
NA =
Z ⋅ gr a m s
And,

Z ⋅ gr a m s
=
Z ⋅ pr oton s
Therefore we always have:

NA ⋅ = 6E 23

NA is a variable, the number of protons in multiplied by Avogadro’s number.

Put in the Earth mean orbital velocity which is 29.79km/s (Zombeck, Martin V. 1982). We get:

(1 + α)
Equation. 1.6 h ⋅ NA ⋅ ve = 422.787kg
G
While we have masses characteristic of the microcosmos like protons, and masses characteristic
of the macrocosmos, like the upper limit for a star to become a white dwarf after she novas (The
Chandrasekhar limit) which is 1.44 — More mass than that and she will collapse — we do not
have a characteristic mass of the intermediary world where we exist, a truck weighs several tons
and tennis ball maybe around a hundred grams. To find that mass let us take the geometric
mean between the mass of a proton and the mass of 1.44 solar masses. We could take the
average, or the harmonic mean, but the geometric mean is the squaring of the proportions, it is
the side of a square with the area equal to the area of the rectangle with these proportions as its
sides. We have:

Equation. 1.7 M⊙ = 1.98847E 30kg

We multiply this by 1.44 to get 2.8634E30kg. The mass of a proton is mp = 1.67262E − 27kg.
We have the intermediary mass is:

Equation 1.8 mi = (2.8634E 30)(1.67262E − 27) = 69.205kg

All we really need to do now is divide equation 1.6 by equation 1.7 and we get an even number
that is the six of our six-fold symmetry.

1 (1 + α)
Equation. 1.9 h ⋅ NA ⋅ ve = 6.1092 ≈ 6
mi G
The six of our six-fold symmetry.

We have something very interesting here. We have

𝔼
𝔼
𝔼
𝔼
𝔼
𝔼

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1 s
6kg 2 ve = 6
69.205kg m

This is:

Equation 1.10. k ve = 6

Where k is a constant, given

1 s
Eq. 1.11 1 k =
773.5 m
It was the Indian physicist Chandrasekhar who found the limit in mass for which a white dwarf
will not have its gravity overcome the electron degeneracy pressure and collapse. The non-
relativistic equation is:

c 3ℏ3
M ≤ 0.77 = 1.41 ⊙
GN3 mp4

Let us approximate 0.77 with 3/4. Since we have our constant

1 1+α
Equation. 1.12. k = h ⋅ NA
mi2 G

Equation 1.14. mi = Mmp

Then
1/2
3 c 3 ℏ3
Equation 1.15. mi =
2 G 3mp2

Since ℏ = h /2π our constant k in terms the Chandrasekhar limit is

4 8π 3G
Equation 1.16 k = mp (1 + α) ⋅ NA
3 c 3h

The fine structure constant squared is the ratio of the potential energy of an electron in the first
circular orbit to the energy given by the mass of an electron in the Bohr model times the speed of
light squared, that is it represents the ground state. It is

Ue
α2 =
mec 2
Since

k ve = 6
𝔼
𝔼

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We are suggesting the earth orbit is the ground state for our planetary system. We suggest it
holds for any planetary system because k as we will see is a natural constant that solves many
physical problems on many levels, not just planetary systems but atomic systems and the
particles that make them up.

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2.0 Sixfold Nature of Protons

We now need to show that the fundamental particles that build reality are based on sixfold
symmetry for their mass, size, and charge and we want to do it in terms of gravity on the
macroscale, thus it has to use G the universal constant of gravitation and Planck’s constant h,
that quantizes energy on the microscale. I find I can do this as such:

The natural constants measure the properties of space and time. We can list some of them here:

mP : 1.67262 × 10−27 kg (Proton Mass)

h : 6.62607 × 10−34 J ⋅ s (Planck Constant)
rp : 0.833 × 10−15m (Proton Radius)
m2
G: 6.67408 × 10−11N 2 (Gravitational Constant)
kg
c : 299,792, 459m /s (light speed)
α : 1/137 (Fine Structure Constant)
qp = qe = 1.6022E − 19coulom bs
Nm 2
ke = 8.988E 9 2
C
Gravity is a property of space measured by the universal constant of gravity, G:

m2 m3
Equation 2.1 G = 6.674E − 11N 2 = 6.674E − 11 2
s s ⋅ kg
Matter, or inertia, which measures matter’s ability to resist a force is for each particle (protons
and neutrons) we will suggest given by:

h kg ⋅ s
Equation 2.2 =
Gc m
Which describes mass per meter over time, which is:

kg ⋅ s
Equation 2.3 1.82E − 16
m
1
It must be adjusted by the fine structure constant α. It is my guess the factor should be which
α2
is 18,769.:

Equation 2.4 (1.82E − 16kg ⋅ s /m)(18,769) = 3.416E − 12kg ⋅ s /m

Because the fine structure constant squared is the ratio of the potential energy of an electron in
the first circular orbit to the energy given by the mass of an electron in the Bohr model times the
speed of light squared, that is it represents the ground state. It is

Ue
Equation 2.5 α2 =
mec 2

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Here we are suggesting that the proton and neutron are the 3-dimensional cross-sections of a
hypersphere. Thus we consider the surface area of a proton, Sp:

Equation 2.6 Sp = 4π rp2 = 8.72E − 30m 2

We take the square root to get meters:

Equation 2.7 Sp = 2.953E − 15m

We multiply that with the value we have in equation 2.4:

kg ⋅ s
Equation 2.8 (2.953E − 15m)(3.416E − 12 ) = 1.009E − 26kg ⋅ s
m
We find that the mass of a proton mp realizes if we divide this by six seconds:

1E − 26
Equation 2.9 mh = = 1.67E − 27kg
6secon d s
That is hydrogen. We see that the element carbon manifests if we divide instead by 1 second:

1E − 26kg ⋅ s
Equation 2.10 mc = = 1E − 26kg = 6pr oton s = 6mp
1secon d
Carbon (C) is the core element of life chemistry and it combines with hydrogen (H) to make the
skeletons of organic matter, the so-called hydrocarbons:

1E − 26kg ⋅ s
Equation 2.11 mp =
6secon d s
1E − 26kg ⋅ s
Equation 2.12 mc =
1secon d
If we divide 1E-26kgs by something greater than 6 seconds we get fractional protons. The rest of
the elements in the periodic table occur for dividing by something less that 1-second. It seems
the duration of a second is natural. If it is, since it was formed by a calendar based on
reconciling the periods of the moon and the sun in the earth sky, it should be in the Earth-moon
orbital mechanics. I find it is, that (See Appendix 1):

K Emoon
Equation 2.13 (Ear th Da y) ≈ 1secon d
K Eearth
That is, the earth day (86,400 seconds) times the kinetic energy of the moon to the kinetic
energy of the earth is about 1 second (about 1.2 seconds). The earth day changes very little, by
very small amounts over millions of years. The solar system has evolved towards this since the
explosion of life called the Cambrian, and will slowly decay away from it. But we need to derive
the second in terms of something else. For now we have the mass of a proton as:

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3rp 4πh
Equation 2.14 mp =
18α 2 Gc
This way of looking at things is to say matter is that which has inertia. This means it resists
change in position with a force applied to it. The more of it, the more it resists a force. We
understand this from experience, but what is matter that it has inertia? In this analogy we are
suggesting a proton is a three dimensional bubble embedded in a two dimensional plane. As
such there has to be a normal vector holding the higher dimensional sphere in a lower
dimensional space. (See Fig. 1) Thus if we apply a force to to the cross-section of the sphere in
the plane there should be a force countering it proportional to the normal holding it in a lower
dimensional universe. It is actually a 4-dimensional hypersphere whose cross-section is a
sphere. This counter force would be experienced as inertia. Since Planck’s constant h is a
measure of energy over time where space and time are concerned it must play a role. Of course
the radius of a proton plays a role since squared and multiplied by 4π it is the surface area of our
proton embedded in space. The gravitational constant is force produced per kilogram over a
distance, thus it is a measure of how the surrounding space has an effect on the proton giving it
inertia. The speed of light c has to play a role because it is the velocity at which events are
separated through time. The mass of a proton has to play a role because it is a measurement of
inertia itself. And alas the fine structure constant describes the degree to which these factors
have an effect. We see the inertia then in equation 6 is six protons over 1 second, by dimensional
analysis.

Fig. 1

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Equation 2.15

1 h 4π rp2
= 6pr oton ⋅ secon d s = carbon(C )
α mp
2 Gc

That is 1 second gives carbon. We find six seconds gives 1 proton is hydrogen:

Equation 2.16

1 h 4π rp2
= 1pr oton ⋅ 6secon d s = hydr ogen(H )
α mp
2 Gc

For time t greater than 6 seconds we have fractional protons. For t<6 we the have other
elements.

1 h 4π rp2
α mp
2 Gc

Is proton-seconds. Divide by time we have a number of protons because it is a mass divided by

the mass of a proton. But these masses can be considered to cancel and leave pure number. We
make a program that looks for close to whole number solutions so we can create a table of values
for problem solving (Program in Appendix 2):

By what value would you like to increment?: 0.25

How many values would you like to calculate for t in equation 1 (no more than 100?): 100
24.1199 protons 0.250000 seconds 0.119904 decpart
12.0600 protons 0.500000 seconds 0.059952 decpart
8.0400 protons 0.750000 seconds 0.039968 decpart
6.0300 protons 1.000000 seconds 0.029976 decpart
4.0200 protons 1.500000 seconds 0.019984 decpart
3.0150 protons 2.000000 seconds 0.014988 decpart
2.1927 protons 2.750000 seconds 0.192718 decpart
2.0100 protons 3.000000 seconds 0.009992 decpart
1.2060 protons 5.000000 seconds 0.205995 decpart
1.1486 protons 5.250000 seconds 0.148567 decpart
1.0964 protons 5.500000 seconds 0.096359 decpart
1.0487 protons 5.750000 seconds 0.048691 decpart
1.0050 protons 6.000000 seconds 0.004996 decpart
0.2487 protons 24.250000 seconds 0.248659 decpart
0.2461 protons 24.500000 seconds 0.246121 decpart
0.2436 protons 24.750000 seconds 0.243635 decpart

A very interesting thing here is looking at the values generated by the program, the smallest
integer value 1 second produces 6 protons (carbon) and the largest integer value 6 seconds
produces one proton (hydrogen). Beyond six seconds you have fractional protons, and the rest of
the elements heavier than carbon are formed by fractional seconds. These are the hydrocarbons
the backbones of biological chemistry. So we have the six-fold symmetry in the chemical
skeletons of life.

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I construct the electric field as such (Fig. 2): x is one component of ℝ3(x, y, z). Events in
ℝ3(x, y, z) are through time with components ct1 and ct2 where c is the speed of light. The
electrons and the protons qe and qp in the presence of one another cross ct1 into ct2 giving
themselves acceleration in the x and −x directions.

Fig. 2

We have

⃗ ⃗ ⃗
i j k ⃗
0 ct1 0 = (ct1 − ct 2 ) i
0 0 ct2

We suggest

·· ⃗
Equation 2.17 x ∝ (ct1 − ct2 ) i

The position of x changes in the space of ℝ3(x, y, z) and has travelled to t (0,ct1, ct2 ) a place in
·· ⃗ m
time, as well. Since ct=meters there is a g such that x = g(ct1 − ct2 ) i . Thus since g ⋅ m =
s2

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1 1 1 m m
and g = = 2 that is 2 ⋅ ⋅ s = 2 . Thus g is frequency squared (f 2) and we suggest it is
s 2 t s s s
derived from the separation between the charges qe and qp. That there is some velocity v such

(x)
v
that f = . We call upon our equation for 1 second:

rp h 4π
= 1secon d
mp Gc

(x)
2 rp
v h 4π ke q 2
(c) = ⋅
mp Gc m x2

rp h 4π q2
v 2(c) = ke
mp Gc m

α2 1
Letting v= ⋅ from our equation for k (page 12 is about k)
6 k

4 8π 3G 1 s
k = m (1 + α) ⋅ NA =
3 p c h
3 773.5 m

1 m
= 773.5
k s
And m = mp we have

2
h 4π rp2
ke ( 6 k )
c α2 1
Equation 2.18 ⋅ = q2
Gc

h 4π rp2 (6.626E − 34)(4π)(0.833E − 15)2

= = 5.37E − 31
Gc (6.674E − 11)(299,792, 459)

We get

1
q= (0.033) 773.52(5.37E − 31) = 9.1435E − 19C
36(18769 )
2

q 9.1435E − 19C
Equation 2.19 =⋅ = 5.71pr oton s ≈ 6pr oton s
qp 1.602E − 19C
𝔼



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3.0 The Proton Radius

Thus we have the radius of a proton is given by carbon by evaluating at one second:

18 2 Gc
3.1. rp = α mp = 8.288587 × 10−16 m = 0.829f m
3 4πh
But to get that we have to multiply by one second and we need one second in terms of the atom
for a theory of the proton. I find we can do that…
r
v=
t
Where,…

1 h 4π rp2 1 Gc rp Gc
t = 6s = 2 , = α 2 mp , v = = α 2 mp
α mp Gc t h 4π rp2 t h 4π

Radius of hydrogen atom RH = 1.2E − 10m

Rh 1 h 4π
t = = Rh ⋅ 2
v α mp Gc

Remember our constant k equation 1.16 (I find we have to divide by two somewhere and I think
this is because we are looking at packing protons here so they are offset by half their radius from
one another):

1 3 1 c 3h 1 1 1 3 1 c 3h 1
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ≈ = ⋅ ⋅
k 4 mp 8π 3G 1 + α NA k 4 mp 8π 3G NA

Equation 3.2. s

t 3 2 6.626E − 34 18769 1.2E − 10 1

= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = 1.12secon d s
ck 16 6.674E − 11 (1.6726E − 27)2 6.02E 23 π
Since we have the equation of the radius of a proton is given by, by evaluating it at one second
which is carbon:

18 2 Gc
rp = α mp = 8.288587 × 10−16 m = 0.829f m
3 4πh
And 1 second in terms of the atom is given by

3 2 h 1 R
⋅ ⋅ 2 ⋅ H = 1.12secon d s
16 G π α mp NA

Then the equation for the radius of a proton is:

𝔼
𝔼
𝔼

 20 of 48

9 1 hc RH
Equation 3.3 rp = 2⋅ ⋅
8 mp 4π 3G NA

Let’s verify our equation:

9 1 (6.626E − 34)(299,792, 459) 1.2E − 10

rp = 2 ⋅ = 0.93f m
8 1.67E − 27 (6.674E − 11)4π 3 6.02E 23

Making the approximation 9/8~1 we can write equation 3.2 as (We suggest we have picked up
the fraction 9/8 by making several approximations):

Equation 3.4

1 hc RH
rp = ⋅
mp 2π 3G NA

Which gives

rp = 8.26935E − 16m ≈ 0.827f m

( s )( s )( m ) NAℍ
1 m2 m s2 RH 1
rp = kg kg 3 = (kg)m
kg kg

We form constants:

hc
Equation 3.5 k = = 6.93E − 9kg
2π 3G
RH
Equation 3.6 = 1.99E − 34m
NA
And we have the Equation:

RH
Equation 3.7 rp mp = k
NA
We can say that Avogadro’s number is not an arbitrary number because it is such that there are
twelve grams of carbon and carbon is 6 neutrons plus 6 protons equals 12. We now want to add
to this section the equation of the mass of a proton.

1 hc RH
Equation 3.8 mp = ⋅
rp 2π 3G NA
𝔼
𝔼
𝔼
𝔼
𝔼

 21 of 48

4.0 Orbital Velocities as Six

We now find it convenient to describe the planetary orbital velocities as six in what we will call
natural units.

With the information we have for the earth-moon-sun orbital parameters we see we can make
the following equation in table form:

orbit r otat ion orbit m oon

min ⋅ d a y k m
29.786k m minute 1d a y k ilom eter = ⋅ 2
d eg s
secon d 27.83k m d egree secon d

Consider minute times day:

(min)(d a y) = 60(24 ⋅ 60 ⋅ 60) = 864,000sec 2

Thus,..

min ⋅ d a y k m 86,400s 2 k m km
⋅ 2 = ⋅ 2 = 86,400 ⋅
d eg s d eg s d eg
The circle is divided into 360 units, each unit (each degree) is the distance the earth moves
around the Sun in a day, where a day is one turn of the earth on its its axis, and as such there are
360 such turns in the time it takes the earth to go around the sun approximately (365.25 days).
We have:

km
86,400 ⋅ ⋅ 360∘ = 311,040,000k m
d eg
1 astronomical unit (AU) is the distance of the earth from the sun on the average, and is always
close to that because its orbit is approximately circular. We have

311,040,000k m
= 2.079AU
149,598,000k m /AU
This is approximately the diameter of the Earth orbit. We define our variables:

km
Earth orbits: ve = 29.786
s
27.83k m 27.83k m min km
Earth rotates: ωe = = ⋅ = 0.4638
min min 60sec sec
1d a y (24)(60)(60) sec
Earth orbits: θe = = = 14,400
d eg d eg d eg
1k m
Moon orbits: vm =
sec
Earth completes a 360 degree orbit yields:

 22 of 48

ve ⋅ θe ⋅ vm 360∘ v ⋅θ ⋅v
⋅ = 2π e e m
ωe 1AU ωe ⋅ re

Where on the right it is in radians and re = 1AU is the radius of the Earth’s orbit. We have

(29.786k m /s)(14,400s /d eg)(1k m /s)

360 = 2.225AU
(0.4638k m /s)(149,598,000k m /AU )
This is (0.00618)360=2.225

ϕ
0.00618 is
100
1
Where ϕ is the inverse of the golden ratio. ϕ = 0.618 = .
Φ
We have:

ϕ
Equation 4.1 360∘ = 2AU
100
Our base ten counting is defined

100 = 1,101 = 1,10 2 = 100,...

ϕ is defined

5+1 a a b
=Φ= , = such that a = b + c
2 b b c
b 1 a2 a
ϕ= = which is given by − −1=0
a Φ b2 b
Thus since the diameter of the Earth orbit is

ϕ
360∘ = 2AU
100
Then its radius is

1 ϕ
Equation 4.2 ⋅ 360∘ = 1AU
2 100
Since we have established a connection between the microcosmos and the macrocosmos we
would do well to introduce the units of AU (astronomical unit), year, solar masses. Thus we want
to know the universal gravitational constant in these units:

 23 of 48

m3
G = 6.67408E − 11
kg ⋅ s 2

m3 AU 3 1.98847E 30kg 9.9477E14s 2

G = 6.67408E − 11 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
kg ⋅ s 2 3.3479E 33m 3 M⊙ year 2

AU 3
G = 39.433
M⊙ ⋅ year 2

AU 3
G ≈ 40
M⊙ ⋅ year 2

AU 3
GM⊙ = 40
year 2
GM⊙
= 0.99885 ≈ 1
4π 2
For a year we have

(365.25)(24)(60)(60)=31557600 seconds

And for an AU

1 AU=1.496E11m

We can immediately put this to work. In order for the earth to stay in orbit its centripetal force
must equal the gravitational force. Its orbital velocity must be given by:

Mm mv 2
G 2 =
R r
GM
v=
R
Since in our theory we present R as:

1 ϕ
⋅ 360∘ = 1AU
2 100
Then
5 GM
Equation 4.3 v=
3 ϕ
Which evaluates:

5 (40)(1) AU
v= =6
3 0.618 year

 24 of 48

Converting this to meters per second:

AU year 1.496E11m m
6 ⋅ ⋅ = 28,441
year 3.156E 7 AU s
Which should be about right. The orbital velocity is given in the data tables as about 30,000m/s
is an average over a varying velocity due to the Earth’s slightly elliptical orbit.

Since we have

1 ϕ
⋅ 360∘ = 1AU
2 100
For the earth, we show now it is true for Venus as well. Its orbital distance VU (Venus units) is
1.082E11meters. It orbital period is 1.94E7s is the Venus year (VY).

m3 V U3 1.989E 30kg (1.94E 7s)2

G = 6.674E − 11 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ =
kg ⋅ s 2 (1.082E11m)3 M⊙ VY2

V U3
39.44 ≈ 40
M⊙V Y 2

Thus we have

Equation 4.4

5 (40)(1)
vv = =6
3 ϕ

We can then express all orbital velocities as 6, but to find their values in a formal system of
units, we need to convert from these natural units to something like kg/m/s. Thus logos
translated into a language we understand can best be done in a square array, or as a matrix
transformation. We have

Equation 4.5

3.8668E8m
2,404,512s vm
1.496E11m
(6 6 6 ) 31,557,600s
= ve
1.082E11m
vv
19,400,000s

Where vm is for the moon. You will find this gives vm = 964.886m /s, ve = 28,443m /s,
vv = 33,463.9m /s

All of which are correct within the variations of these velocities in their deviations from a
perfectly circular orbit.

 25 of 48

Equation 4.6
Rm
Tm
vm 6
( ϕ )
5 GM 5 GM 5 GM Re
v
= e = 6
3 ϕ 3 ϕ 3 Te
vv 6
Rv
Tv
Equations 4.7

1 ϕ
Rm = ⋅ 360∘ = 1LU
2 100
1 ϕ
Re = ⋅ 360∘ = 1AU
2 100
1 ϕ
Rv = ⋅ 360∘ = 1V U
2 100
Basically for the Earth

5 GM AU
ve = =6
3 ϕ year

And in general for any orbiting body

5 GM
Equation 4.8. vo = =6
3 ϕ

Where the right side is in the orbiting bodies’ natural units, which is its orbital radius taken as 1
divided by its year taken as 1. G and M are in these units as well, so G is constant and always 40,
and M is the mass orbited taken as 1. That is we could write

5 40
Equation 4.9. vo = =6
3 ϕ
And, again ϕ is the golden ratio conjugate is 0.618. 5 /3 ≈ 3/4. So,…

3 GM
Equation 4.10. vo = =6
4 ϕ

3 40
Equation 4.11. vo = =6
4 ϕ

 26 of 48

5.0 Atomic Systems Mirror Planetary Systems

We have our equation for the Earth-Moon-Sun Orbital System

K Emoon
Equation 5.1 (Ear th Da y) ≈ 1secon d
K Eearth
And our equation for the proton

1 h 4π rp2
Equation 5.2 = 1secon d
α ⋅ 6mp Gc

Where 6mp is six protons is carbon (C). We also have that for the Earth orbital velocity

Equation 5.3 k ve ≈ 6

This results in

K Emoon 1 h 4π rp2
Equation 5.4 ⋅ Ear th Da y =
K Eearth α 2 k ve mp Gc

Which gives

Equation 5.5

2 h 4π rp2
( K Eearth ) α mp
K Emoon 2 1
k ve Ear th Da y = 4 2 ⋅
2 Gc

This is

k (m ⋅ s) = s 2
Because k is in s/m is 1/k=773.5 m/s. Thus we have something like a quantum state on the left
but for the planets equal to a quantum state for the proton on the right, and conclude k connects
the larger scale macrocosmos to the microcosmos of the atom. Or perhaps better to write:

Equation 5.6

2 h 4π rp2
( K Eearth ) α mp
K Emoon 2 1
k ve Ear th Da y = 4 2 ⋅
2 Gc

Because then we have

s2 = s2

 27 of 48

s m
Because k ve = ⋅ = 1. It makes one think of how the energy of a wave is the amplitude
m s
squared. Here amplitude then is in seconds and energy is the square of time.

( K Eearth )
K Emoon
2
Ear th Da y 2

Is actually equal to 1.2 seconds seconds squared, but we can say 1.2 seconds is a rough sketch for
the idea that it is one second, which you can do because in any physical theory there is room for
play for the physics to still serve its function. So we will evaluate it at one second. We have

k ve = 38.5

On the right we have

1 h 4π rp2
⋅ = 36.555
α 4 mp2 Gc

This is an accuracy of about 95%. Equation 5.6 can be written

1 h 4π rp2 Me ve2
Equation 5.7. ⋅ = 6d a ys
α mp
2 G c Mm vm2

Where 6 days is 6 rotations of the Earth. Just how accurate is this?

For the factor in terms of a proton we have

1 h 4π rp2 18769 (6.62607E − 34Js)(4π)(0.833E − 15m)2

=
α mp
2 Gc 1.67262E − 27kg (6.67408E − 11Nm 2 /kg 2 )(299,792,459m /s)

(1.12213E 31)(5.37368E − 31) = 6.0299675 ≈ 6.03 ≈ 6.0secon d s

Me ve2
(6.03s) ⋅ = 6d a ys
Mm vm2
Since the mass of the earth and the mass of the moon do not vary, and the velocity of the moon
and the earth vary a little from aphelion to perihelion, their orbit are a little eccentric, we will
focus on the range of velocities.

Me = 5.972E 24kg
Mm = 7.34767E 22kg
6d a ys = 6(24)(60)(60) = 518400secon d s
Me
= 81.2775
Mm

 28 of 48

(6.03s)(81.2775) = 490.103 ≈ 490secon d s

518400
= 1057.959 ≈ 1058
490
ve2 ve
= 1058 , = 32.5
vm2 vm
The measured values are, which are mean orbital velocities of the earth and moon:

km km
ve = 29.78 , vm = 1.022
s s
29.78k m /s
= 29
1.022k m /s
Thus the accuracy of the equation is 29/32.5=90%. But, using the velocity of the moon at
aphelion which is 0.966 km/s and the velocity of the earth at perihelion which is 30.29km/s, we
have 30.29/0.966=31.356. This gives us an accuracy for our equation of 31.356/32.5=96.5%.

If in the planet that has life orbiting a star there is an indication to its intelligence that there is a
mystery before it, it is that for our star the Sun, the moon perfectly eclipses it as seen from the
Earth. This is because:

(lu n ar − orbit) 384,400k m

= = 0.00257
(ear th − orbit) 149,592,870k m
(lu n ar − r a diu s) 1,738.1
= = 0.0025
sol ar − r a diu s 696,00
Which are approximately equal. As well we can look at it as:

(lu n ar − r a diu s) (1,738.1)

= = 0.00452
(lu n ar − orbit) (384,400)
sol ar − r a diu s 696,000
= = 0.00465
ear th − orbit 149,597,870
Which are about the same as well. The interesting thing is that since our ratios are around
0.0025 and 0.0045, then…

0.0045 9
= = 1.8
0.0025 5
I say this is interesting because this the ratio of the precious metal gold (Au) to that of silver (Ag)
by molar mass, these elements being used for religious and ceremonial jewelry, is the same 1.8:

Au 196.97
= = 1.8
Ag 107.87

 29 of 48

The sun is gold in color, the moon is silver in color.

Since the message from forces unknown is the moon, then we should take its size as a natural
unit and set it equal to one. If it has a radius of one, then the radius of the Sun is

696,000k m
= 400
1,738k m
The distance of the moon from the Earth is

384,400k m
= 221.173 ≈ 220
1,738k m
We have

400
= 1.818181...
220
9
This is the that is the Solar radius to the lunar orbit around earth that is the molar mass of
5
gold to silver. This distance of the moon from the sun is about

149,592,870k m
= 8,608
1,738k m
Let us guess that the sun has to be the size that it is to be a yellow main sequence star. And that
the earth-moon system has to be 1 AU from the Sun to be in the habitable zone (to have water in
its liquid phase). Kepler’s Law of planetary motion is

Equation 5.8 T 2 = a3

For the Sun with T the orbital period of the planet and a its distance from the Sun in
astronomical units, for circular orbits. For other stars we have to include a constant k involving
the masses of the bodies:

1 M+m M
Equation 5.9 =G ≈ G
k 4π 2 4π 2
If the mass of the body orbiting the Star m is small compared to the mass of the star it is orbiting
we have

GM 2
Equation 5.10 a3 = T
4π 2
The Earth is the third planet, is in the habitable zone, and its distance from the Sun defines 1
AU. Thus we ask: What is k for other star systems? For stars on the main sequence their
luminosity is proportional to their masses raised to the power of 3.5 as an estimate. We have:

 30 of 48

3.5

( M⊙ )
M
Equation 5.11 L=

Where L is in solar luminosities and M is in solar masses:

L⊙ = 3.9E 26J/s

M⊙ = 1.98847E 30kg

Further if we say since the Earth is in the right zone to be habitable (ℍ) then if a star is 100
times brighter than the Sun by the inverse square law its habitable zone is 100 = 10AU is 10
times further from the star it orbits than the Earth is from the Sun. We have

( L⊙ )
L
Equation 5.12 ℍ=

Combining equations 2.4 and 2.5:

3.5

( M⊙ )
M
Equation 5.13 ℍ=

For another star system we can write equation 2.3

T2 k
Equation 5.14. =
a3 n
Where n is the number of solar masses of the star and k has M in solar masses. Combining this
with equation 2.6 we have for the habitable zone of a star:
21
4

n ( M⊙ )
k M
Equation 5.15 T2 =

The luminosity of the sun is:

L 0 = 3.9 × 10 26 J/s
The separation between the earth and the sun is:

1.5 × 1011m
The solar luminosity at the earth is reduced by the inverse square law, so the solar constant is:

39 × 10 2
S0 = = 1,370wat ts /m eter 2
4π (1.5 × 1011)

 31 of 48

That is the effective energy hitting the earth per second per square meter. This radiation is equal
to the temperature, Te to the fourth power by the steffan-boltzmann constant, sigma (σ), Te can
be called the temperature entering, the temperature entering the earth.

S0 intercepts the earth disc, π r 2, and distributes itself over the entire earth surface, 4π r 2, while
30% is reflected back into space due to the earth’s albedo, a, which is equal to 0.3, so

S0
σ Te 4 = (1 − a)
4

( 4π r 2 )
π r2
(1 − a)S0

But, just as the same amount of radiation that enters the system, leaves it, to have radiative
equilibrium, the atmosphere radiates back to the surface so that the radiation from the
atmosphere, σ Ta 4 plus the radiation entering the earth, σ Te 4 is the radiation at the surface of
the earth, σ Ts 4. However,

σ Ta 4 = σ Te 4
And we have…

σ Ts 4 = σ Ta 4 + σ Te 4 = 2σ Te 4
1
Ts = 2 4 Te
S0
σ Te 4 = (1 − a)
4
σ = 5.67 × 10−8

S0 = 1,370
a=0.3

1,370
(0.7) = 239.75
4
239.75
Te 4 = = 4.228 × 109
5.67 × 10−8
Te = 255Kelvin
So, for the temperature at the surface of the Earth:
1
Ts = 2 4 Te = 1.189(255) = 303Kelvin

 32 of 48

Let’s convert that to degrees centigrade:

Degrees Centigrade = 303 - 273 = 30 degrees centigrade

And, let’s convert that to Fahrenheit:

Degrees Fahrenheit = 30(9/5)+32=86 Degrees Fahrenheit

In reality this is warmer than the average annual temperature at the surface of the earth, but in
this model, we only considered radiative heat transfer and not convective heat transfer. In other
words, there is cooling due to vaporization of water (the formation of clouds) and due to the
condensation of water vapor into rain droplets (precipitation or the formation of rain).

The point we want to make is that the Earth has to be the distance it is from the Sun, and the
Sun has to be the size that it is. We have that

Sol arRa diu s Ear thOrbit

= 400 = = 389
Lu n arRa diu s Lu n ar Orbit
400 ≈ 389
Which allows the moon to perfectly eclipse the Sun. However, this means

Lu n arRa diu s Sol arRa diu s

=
Lu n ar Orbit Ear thOrbit
If the solar radius and earth orbit had to have been what they are for the Earth to be habitable,
the lunar radius and solar radius can be anything’s to satisfy this equation. This is the part
where the messenger, who we hypothesize put the moon in the sky such that it would eclipse the
sun, had a criterion to choose the size of the lunar radius and the size of its orbit. How, under
this hypothesis did it or they determine their proportions? I think the best answer would be in
equation 5.6:

2 h 4π rp2
( K Eearth ) α mp
K Emoon 2 1
k ve Ear th Da y = 4 2 ⋅
2 Gc

Which would mean it was because of the size of the proton (rp) and its mass (mp). We derived
these values and the charge of a proton from the properties of space and time.

We have to explain the meaning of the earth day in the equation, we might be able to do this by
breaking the whole equation down into parts.

If ωe is the angular velocity of the earth, Mm is the mass of the moon, Me is the mass of the earth,
vm is the orbital velocity of the moon, ve is the orbital velocity of the earth, then we have
2
Mm2 vm4 2π h 4π rp2
Me ve ( ωe )
1
k ve ⋅ 2 ⋅ 4 = 4 2⋅
α mp Gc

There are 86,400 seconds in an earth day so, the angular velocity of the earth is

 33 of 48

2π rad
ωe = = 7.2722E − 5
86,400s s
ra d2
ωe2 = 5.2885E − 9
s2
Since k ve = 38.5 we have

(38.5)(4π 2r a d 2 ) = 1,520r a d 2

Mm2 vm4 1,520r a d 2 Mm2 vm4

Me ve ( ) Me ve
⋅ = ⋅ 4 (2.874E11s 2 )
2 4 ωe
2 2

Mm vm2 1 h 4π rp2
⋅ 2 (536,097s) = 2
Me ve α mp Gc

There are 31,557,600 seconds in a year, so our value above is:

536,097s
= 0.017years
31,557,600s /yr
Since there are 365.25 days in a year that is

(0.017)(365.25d a ys) = 6d a ys
It is 6 days, which is six rotations of the earth. The whole reason then, for the hypothetical
messenger’s equation, could be to maintain our six-fold symmetry.



 34 of 48

6.0 Rigorous Formulation of Proton-Seconds

We can actually formulate this differently than we have. We had

1 1 h 4π rp2
= 6pr oton s
t1 α 2 mp Gc

1 1 h 4π rp2
= 1pr oton
t6 α 2 mp Gc

But if t1 is not necessarily 1 second, and t6 is not necessarily six seconds, but rather t1 and t2 are
lower and upper limits in an integral, then we have:

1 h 4π rp2 t2
1
G c ∫t1
Equation 6.1 dt = ℕ
α 2 mp t2

This Equation is the generalized equation we can use for solving problems. Essentially we can
rigorously formulate the notion of proton-seconds by considering

∫t ∬S
Equation 6.2 qdt = t 2 ρ(x, y, z)d x d y
⃗ ⃗
Is protons-seconds squared where current density is J = ρ v and ρ = Q /m 3 (ρ can also be
Q /m 2). We say

∫V
Equation 6.3 Q= ρd V

Keeping in mind q is not charge (coulombs) but a number of charges times seconds, here a
number of protons. It is

1 h 4π rp2
Equation 6.4 ℕ= 2
α mp Gc

Dividing Equation 6.2 through by t:

Equation 6.5

1 h 4π rp2 dt
G c ∫t t ∬S
=t ρ(x, y, z)d x d y
α 2 mp

Which is proton-seconds. Dividing through by t again:

 35 of 48

1 h 4π rp2 dt
G c ∫t t 2
Equation 6.6 = pr oton s
α mp
2

⃗ ⃗
We see that if J = ρ v where ρ = Q /m 3 and v = m /s then J is I/m2 (current per square meter)
is analogous to amperes per per square meter which are coulombs per second through a surface.
Thus we are looking at a number of protons per second through a surface. Thus we write:

1 h 4π rp2 tC
dt 1.0

G c ∫tMg ∫0.5
=6 t −2 dt = − 6(1 − 2) = 6
α mp
2 t2

Is carbon where 0.5 seconds is magnesium (Mg) from the values of time corresponding to
protons in the output from our program and 1.0 seconds is carbon (C). We see we have the
following theorem:

1 h 4π rp2 dt ⃗

G c ∫t t 3 ∬S
⃗
Equation 6.7 = J ⋅ d S
α 2 mp
So as an example,…

( 0.25 )
1 h 4π rp2 1.0
dt ⃗ 1 pr oton s
G c ∫0.5 ∬S
⃗
= J ⋅ d S = − 3 1 − = 9
α 2 mp t3 secon d

Is fluorine (F). Divide by xy with x=y=1 and we have current density. And multiply by 1 second
which is carbon and we have protons per square meter.
⃗ ⃗
J(x, y, z) = (0,0, J ) = − J k
⃗ ⃗
d S = d x d yk
⃗ ⃗
J ⋅ d S = (0,0, J ) ⋅ (0,0, d x d y) = − Jd x d y
!

 36 of 48

We are now equipt to do computations in proton-seconds. We use equation 3.6 from two to
three, the smallest prime numbers that multiply to make six-fold symmetry in our hexagonal
proton that we found described its radius (My feeling is we introduce the factor of 2 because
carbon is 6 protons +6 neutrons and 2 times 6 is twelve):

2 h 4π rp2 dt
G c ∫t t 2
= pr oton s
α mp
2

Now we integrate from phosphorus is 15 protons=0.396 seconds to aluminum is 13 protons =

0.462 seconds which is to integrate across silicon (divide your answer 10 by 2 to get protons):

By what value would you like to increment?: 0.006

How many values would you like to calculate for t in equation 1 (no more than 100?): 100
251.2490 protons 0.024000 seconds 0.248978 decpart
59.1174 protons 0.102000 seconds 0.117416 decpart
50.2498 protons 0.120000 seconds 0.249805 decpart
40.1998 protons 0.150000 seconds 0.199844 decpart
37.2221 protons 0.162000 seconds 0.222080 decpart
27.1621 protons 0.222000 seconds 0.162058 decpart
25.1249 protons 0.240000 seconds 0.124907 decpart
20.0999 protons 0.300000 seconds 0.099916 decpart
17.0338 protons 0.354000 seconds 0.033823 decpart
16.2096 protons 0.372000 seconds 0.209604 decpart
15.2272 protons 0.396000 seconds 0.227202 decpart
14.1549 protons 0.426000 seconds 0.154862 decpart
13.2236 protons 0.456000 seconds 0.223620 decpart
13.0519 protons 0.462000 seconds 0.051885 decpart
12.1084 protons 0.498000 seconds 0.108375 decpart
11.1666 protons 0.540000 seconds 0.166615 decpart
11.0439 protons 0.546000 seconds 0.043906 decpart
10.1515 protons 0.594000 seconds 0.151471 decpart

Equation 6.8

2 h 4π rp2 tAl
dt
G c ∫tP
= − 6(6.376 − 4.685) = 5pr oton s /secon d = bor on
α mp
2 t3

Silicon can be doped with phosphorus to make negative (n-type) silicon that semi-conducts thus
enabling the construction of logic circuits that you can use to make computing machines. But
this must be joined with positive (p-type) silicon which usually uses boron, but boron is in the
same group as aluminum, just above it. This results in a theory for AI elements as mathematical
constructs, that we will go into now.

 37 of 48

7.0 Theory of Compounds

Above we see the artificial intelligence (AI) elements pulled out of the periodic table of the
elements. As you see we can make a 3 by 3 matrix of them and an AI periodic table. Silicon and
germanium are in group 14 meaning they have 4 valence electrons and want 4 for more to attain
noble gas electron configuration. If we dope Si with B from group 13 it gets three of the four
electrons and thus has a deficiency becoming positive type silicon and thus conducts. If we dope
the Si with P from group 15 it has an extra electron and thus conducts as well. If we join the two
types of silicon we have a semiconductor for making diodes and transistors from which we can
make logic circuits for AI.

As you can see doping agents As and Ga are on either side of Ge, and doping agent P is to the
right of Si but doping agent B is not directly to the left, aluminum Al is. This becomes important.
I call (As-Ga) the differential across Ge, and (P-Al) the differential across Si and call Al a dummy
in the differential because boron B is actually used to make positive type silicon.

That the AI elements make a three by three matrix they can be organized with the letter E with
subscripts that tell what element it is and it properties, I have done this:

E13 E14 E15

E23 E24 E25
E33 E34 E35

Thus E24 is in the second row and has 4 valence electrons making it silicon (Si), E14 is in the
first row and has 4 valence electrons making it carbon (C). I believe that the AI elements can be
organized in a 3 by 3 matrix makes them pivotal to structure in the Universe because we live in
three dimensional space so the mechanics of the realm we experience are described by such a
matrix, for example the cross product. Hence this paper where I show AI and biological life are
mathematical constructs and described in terms of one another.

We see, if we include the two biological elements in the matrix (E14) and and (E15) which are
carbon and nitrogen respectively, there is every reason to proceed with this paper if the idea is to
show not only are the AI elements and biological elements mathematical constructs, they are
described in terms of one another. We see this because the first row is ( B, C, N) and these
happen to be the only elements that are not core AI elements in the matrix, except boron (B)
which is out of place, and aluminum (Al) as we will see if a dummy representative makes for a
mathematical construct, the harmonic mean. Which means we have proved our case because the
first row if we take the cross product between the second and third rows are, its respective unit
vectors for the components meaning they describe them.

 38 of 48

The Computation
⃗
A = (Al, Si, P )
⃗
B = (G a, G e, As)

̂ ̂ ̂
⃗ B C N ⃗ ̂ ̂ ̂
A×B = = (Si ⋅ As − P ⋅ G e) B + (P ⋅ G a − Al ⋅ As) C + (Al ⋅ G e − Si ⋅ G a) N
Al Si P
G a G e As
⃗ ⃗ ̂ ̂ ̂
A × B = − 145 B + 138 C + 1.3924 N

A= 26.982 + 28.092 + 30.972 = 50g /m ol

B= 69.722 + 72.642 + 74.922 = 126g /m ol

⃗ ⃗
A ⋅ B = A Bcosθ
6241
cosθ = = 0.99
6300
θ = 8∘
⃗ ⃗
A × B = A Bsin θ = (50)(126)sin8∘ = 877.79

877.79 = 29.6g /m ol ≈ Si = 28.09g /m ol

And silicon (Si) is at the center of our AI periodic table of the elements. We see the biological
elements C and N being the unit vectors are multiplied by the AI elements, meaning they
describe them. But we have to ask; Why does the first row have boron in it which is not a core
biological element, but is a core AI element? The answer is that boron is the one AI element that
is out of place, that is, aluminum is in its place. But we see this has a dynamic function.

The Dynamic Function

The primary elements of artificial intelligence (AI) used to make diodes and transistors, silicon
(Si) and germanium (Ge) doped with boron (B) and phosphorus (P) or gallium (Ga) and arsenic
(As) have an asymmetry due to boron. Silicon and germanium are in group 14 like carbon (C)
and as such have 4 valence electrons. Thus to have positive type silicon and germanium, they
need doping agents from group 13 (three valence electrons) like boron and gallium, and to have
negative type silicon and germanium they need doping agents from group 15 like phosphorus
and arsenic. But where gallium and arsenic are in the same period as germanium, boron is in a
different period than silicon (period 2) while phosphorus is not (period 3). Thus aluminum (Al)
is in boron’s place. This results in an interesting equation.

Si(As − G a) + G e(P − Al ) 2B
Equation 7.1 =
SiG e G e + Si

 39 of 48

The differential across germanium crossed with silicon plus the differential across silicon
crossed with germanium normalized by the product between silicon and germanium is equal to
the boron divided by the average between the germanium and the silicon. The equation has
nearly 100% accuracy (note: using an older value for Ge here, it is now 72.64 but that makes the
equation have a higher accuracy):

28.09(74.92 − 69.72) + 72.61(30.97 − 26.98) 2(10.81)

=
(28.09)(72.61) (72.61 + 28.09)

0.213658912 = 0.21469712
0.213658912
= 0.995
0.21469712
Due to an asymmetry in the periodic table of the elements due to boron we have the harmonic
mean between the semiconductor elements (by molar mass):

Si Ge 2SiG e
Equation 7.2 (As − G a) + (P − Al ) =
B B Si + G e
0.213658912 = 0.21469712
0.213658912
= 0.995
0.21469712
This is Stokes Theorem if we approximate the harmonic mean with the arithmetic mean:

∫S ∮C
(∇ × u ) ⋅ d S = u ⋅d r

∫0 ∫0 [ B ]
1 1 Ge
Si Ge 1
Ge − Si ∫Si
(As − Ga) + (P − Al ) d x d y ≈ xd x
B

We can make this into two integrals:

Equation 7.3
1 1 Ge
Si 1 1
∫0 ∫0 B 3 (Ge − Si ) ∫Si
(As − Ga)d yd z ≈ xd x

Equation 7.4
1 1 Ge
Ge 2 1
∫0 ∫0 B 3 (Ge − Si ) ∫Si
(P − Al )d x d z ≈ yd y

 40 of 48

If in the equation (The accurate harmonic mean form):

Equation 7.5

Si Ge Ge − Si
(As − Ga) + (P − Al ) = Ge
B B dx
x
Si
We make the approximation

2SiGe
Equation 7.6 ≈ Ge − Si
Si + Ge
Then the Stokes form of the equation becomes

Equation 7.7

∫0 ∫0 [ B ]
1 1 Ge
Si Ge
∫Si
(As − Ga) + (P − Al ) d yd z = dx
B

Thus we see for this approximation there are two integrals as well:
1 1
Si 1 Ge
∫0 ∫0 B 3 ∫Si
Equation 7.8 (As − Ga)d yd z = dz

1 1
Ge 2 Ge
∫0 ∫0 B 3 ∫Si
Equation 7.9 (P − Al )d yd z = dz

By making the approximation

2SiGe
≈ Ge − Si
Si + Ge
In

Si(As − Ga) Ge(P − Al ) 2SiGe

+ =
B B Si + Ge
We have

ΔGe ΔSi
Equation 7.10 Si + Ge =B
ΔS ΔS

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ΔSi = P − Al is the differential across Si, ΔGe = As − Ga is the differential across Ge

and ΔS = Ge − Si is the vertical differential.

We say Φ (Phi) is given by

a b
a = b + c and =
b c
And

Φ = a /b=1.618

ϕ = b /a=0.618

ϕ (phi) the golden ratio conjugate. We also find

Equation 7.11 (ϕ)ΔGe + (Φ)ΔSi = B

We can go straight down group 14 to form the rest of our differentials:

ΔC = N − B = 14.01 − 10.81 = 3.2

ΔSi = P − Al = 30.97 − 26.98 = 3.99

ΔGe = As − Ga = 74.92 − 69.72 = 5.2

ΔSn = Sb − In = 121.75 − 114.82 = 6.93

ΔPb = Bi − T l = 208.98 − 204.38 = 4.6

It is amazing how accurately we can fit these differentials with an exponential equation
for the upward increase. The equation is

y(x) = e 0.4x + 1.7

2 17
y(x) = e 5 x +
10
This is the halfwave:

Since B/Al=10.81/26.98=
0.40

And Ag/Cu =107.87/63.55=

1.697

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Where B and Al are the

differential across silicon
and Ag and Au are the finest
conductors of electricity, we
have

Equation 7.12

Ag
y(x) = e (B/Al)x +
Cu

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Conclusion

Indeed we have shown that we can predict the radius of a proton and its mass in terms of the
properties of space:

1 hc RH
rp = ⋅
mp 2π 3G NA

Which gives

rp = 8.26935E − 16m ≈ 0.827f m

And the interesting thing is they do not yet have an equation for the radius of a proton, yet we
have it here and it doesn’t just use Planck’s constant, h, of the indeterministic microcosmos, but
uses the gravitational constant, G, of the deterministic macrocosmos. We have further shown
our theory of inertia is based on six-fold symmetry is centered around hydrocarbons, the
skeletons of life chemistry

We find 1 second gives

1 h 4π rp2
= 6pr oton ⋅ secon d s = carbon(C )
α 2 mp Gc

We find six seconds gives 1 proton is hydrogen:

1 h 4π rp2
= 1pr oton ⋅ 6secon d s = hydr ogen(H )
α 2 mp Gc

We further find this same sixfold symmetry describes not just proton systems (atoms) but our
solar system

rm /Tm vm
(6 6 6) re /Te = ve
rv /Tv vv

We also have that

k ve = 6

Where,

4 8π 3G
k = mp (1 + α) ⋅ NA
3 c 3h

And
𝔼
𝔼

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2
h 4π rp2
ke ( 6 k )
c α2 1
⋅ = q2
Gc

q 9.1435E − 19C
=⋅ = 5.71pr oton s ≈ 6pr oton s
qp 1.602E − 19C

We further find that for the moon

1 h 4π rp2 Me ve2
⋅ = 6d a ys
α 2 mp G c Mm vm2

Where six days is six rotations of the Earth. This shows the earth/moon/sun system and the
proton are structured around one another in terms of six-fold symmetry. Since there are 360
degrees in a circle, and the earth year is close to 360 rotations of the earth (365.25) the earth
orbit can be divided into six sixty degree sectors, the earth moving through about one degree a
day in its orbit.



 45 of 48

Appendix 1

We suggested the second was a natural unit, and that, if it was, should be in the orbital
mechanics of the earth because the second comes from the calendar, which is based on the
orbital period of the year (1 year, 365.25 days) and the orbital period of the moon, and the
rotation of the Earth. We found that it was as the following:

K Emoon
(Ear th Da y) ≈ 1secon d
K Eearth
Let’s show that…

K . E . Moon = 3.67E 28J

K . E . Ear th = 2.649E 33j

To find the translational kinetic energy of the moon:
Distance from earth: 3.85E8m
2π (3.85E 8m) = 2.419E 9m
Orbital period:
T=27.32 days=2.36E6seconds
v=1.025E3m/s~1000m/s
Mass: 7.34767E22kg

1
Use E = mv 2
2
E=3.67E28 Joules

To find the translational kinetic energy of the earth:

Distance from Sun: 1AU=1.496E11m

2π (1.496E11m) = 9.399E11m
Orbital period: 1 year=3.1558E7 seconds
v=2.9785E4m/s, Earth mass: 5.9722E24kg
E=2.649E33 Joules

Earth day=(24)(60)(60)=86,400 seconds.

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Appendix 2

1 h 4π rp2
α 2 mp Gc

Is proton-seconds. Divide by time we have a number of protons because it is a mass divided by

the mass of a proton. But these masses can be considered to cancel and leave pure number. We
make a program that looks for close to whole number solutions so we can create a table of values
for problem solving.

By what value would you like to increment?: 0.25

How many values would you like to calculate for t in equation 1 (no more than 100?): 100
24.1199 protons 0.250000 seconds 0.119904 decpart
12.0600 protons 0.500000 seconds 0.059952 decpart
8.0400 protons 0.750000 seconds 0.039968 decpart
6.0300 protons 1.000000 seconds 0.029976 decpart
4.0200 protons 1.500000 seconds 0.019984 decpart
3.0150 protons 2.000000 seconds 0.014988 decpart
2.1927 protons 2.750000 seconds 0.192718 decpart
2.0100 protons 3.000000 seconds 0.009992 decpart
1.2060 protons 5.000000 seconds 0.205995 decpart
1.1486 protons 5.250000 seconds 0.148567 decpart
1.0964 protons 5.500000 seconds 0.096359 decpart
1.0487 protons 5.750000 seconds 0.048691 decpart
1.0050 protons 6.000000 seconds 0.004996 decpart
0.2487 protons 24.250000 seconds 0.248659 decpart
0.2461 protons 24.500000 seconds 0.246121 decpart
0.2436 protons 24.750000 seconds 0.243635 decpart

A very interesting thing here is looking at the values generated by the program, the smallest
integer value 1 second produces 6 protons (carbon) and the largest integer value 6 seconds
produces one proton (hydrogen). Beyond six seconds you have fractional protons, and the rest of
the elements heavier than carbon are formed by fractional seconds. These are the hydrocarbons
the backbones of biological chemistry. Here is the code for the program:

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

int n;
float value=0, increment,t=0, p=1.67262E-27, h=6.62607E-34,G=6.67408E-11,
c=299792459,protons[100],r=0.833E-15;

do
{
printf("By what value would you like to increment?: ");
scanf("%f", &increment);
printf("How many values would you like to calculate for t in equation 1 (no more than 100?):
");
scanf("%i", &n);
}
while (n>=101);
{

for (int i=0; i<n;i++)

{
protons[i]=((137*137)/(t*p))*sqrt(h*4*(3.14159)*(r*r)/(G*c));

int intpart=(int)protons[i];
float decpart=protons[i]-intpart;
t=t+increment;
if (decpart<0.25)
{ printf("%.4f protons %f seconds %f decpart \n", protons[i], t-increment, decpart);
}}}}

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The Author