References

1-ACI350-06 &ACI224R-01,

2- Design of Reinforced Concrete by Jack C. McCormac_9th Ed-2013-1118129849_ACI 318-11.pdf pages 43

(Example 2.3), 6.10 Control of Flexural Cracks
and excel sheets for chapter 6
http://www.mediafire.com/download/k42shb458odynac/Sheets_used_in_Design_of_Reinforced_Concrete_by_Jack_
C._McCormac_9th_Ed-2013-1118129849_ACI_318-11.rar

3- RCM ACI Builder v 5.3.0.0 by Eng. Hussein Rida

http://www.structural-experts.com/showthread.php?tid=742

4- Moment of Inertia of Cracked Section Transformed to Concrete

http://www.concrete.org/technical/ckc/314/314_design_aid_J_1-14_001.pdf

5-Quadratic eq
http://www.sosmath.com/algebra/quadraticeq/quadraformula/quadraformula.html

6- Equivalent Stiffness , Is =Ic/n

http://www.bgstructuralengineering.com/BGSMA/BGSMA_Itr/BGSMA_ITR02.htm
for axial force, εc = εc fc/Ec = fs/Es ==> F/(Ac Ec) = F/(As Es) ==> thus As Es = Ac Ec ==> As = Ac * Ec/Es = Ac
/n
and for moment, εc = εc fc/Ec = fs/Es ==> M*y/(Is Es) = M*y/(Ic Ec) == > Is = Ic Ec/Es = Ic/n

Calculation Reference
Design of Reinforced Concrete