Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WEEK 4
The jacquard machine is a device fitted to a loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing
textiles with such complex pattern as brocade, damask, and matelassé. The resulting
ensemble (combination) of the loom and jacquard machine is then called Jacquard’s loom.
Features: joseph Mary jacquard initiated the storage of information on punched cards.
- The punched cards (with or without holes) were secured tightly alongside each other
in a sequential manner.
- This basic principle of one or the other of two states is the fundamental basis of the
binary coding system being used in computers even today.
Components: joseph jacquard changed the weaving industries by creating a loom that
controlled the raising of the threads through punched cards.
Uses: it is used to automatically produce textile designs as per the program on the punched
card.
Features: Herman Hollerith used punched card with round holes, 12 rows and 24 columns.
The card measured by 31/4 inches by 65/8 inches. His tabulator used electro-mechanical
solenoids to increment mechanical counters.
Components: the tabulating machine was made up of punched cards, card reader, spring
loaded wires and pools of mercury.
Uses: the tabulating machine was used for counting and sorting data.
NB: the machine was developed to help process data for the 1890 USA census.
SUBJECT: COMPUTER STUDIES
WEEK 5
The analytical engine was the first general computational device, with the ability to solve
different types of equations. The analytical engine was a general-purpose, completely
programmed controlled, mechanical digital computer. This machine is also known as the first
fully automatic calculating machine developed by Charles Babbage in 1834.
Features: This machine uses an Arithmetic and Logic (ALU) basic flow control, punched
cards and memory.
William Burroughs machine is a class of mechanical calculator, usually specialized for book
keeping.
Features: the distinguishing features are the high sloping keyboard, the beveled glass front
and the printing mechanism out-of-sight at the rear of the machine
Uses: the machine performs addition only, with no provision for subtraction either directly or
by addition of complements.
ASSIGNMENT
i. Philip Emeagwali
Components: it was 25 feet by 50 feet in length, contained 5600 tubes, 18000 crystal
diodes and 300 relays. It utilized serial circuitry and internal storage capacity of 100
words or 12000 characters. It utilized mercury delay line, magnetic tape and typewriters
output.
Figure 1: Desktop PC
(6) Laptops and Notebook Computers
Notebook and laptop computers are portable computers that usually feature integral
keyboards and monitors. Advantages of laptop and notebook computers are:
- Portability
- Increased productivity
- Immediacy
- Up-to-date information
- Connectivity
Figure 2: Laptop
Figure 3: Notebook
WEEK 7
Definition of Data
Data are raw facts and figures that that have not been processed or organized into a
meaningful form. Data is the plural form of datum. It is often used as both singular and plural
word.
Examples of Data
48 60 53 81 72 70 55 59 45 80
54 63 65 75 60 74 70 56 64 62
Definition of Information
Information is defined as a set of related data that have been processed into meaningful and
useful form. For instance the scores in computer studies above can be processed into
information by:
Examples of Information
S/
DATA INFORMATION
N
1. Data is not significant alone by itself Information is significant by itself
2. Data is not meaningful Information is meaningful
3. Data is obtained through observations and Information is obtained through analysis
recording
4. Data is raw and unorganized Information is structured or organized
5. Data is not enough to make a decision Information is sufficient to help make a
decision in the respective context
ASSIGNMENT
WEEK 8
An input device is a peripheral device through which data are entered and transform into
machine–readable form.
Examples of Input Device
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Microphone
5. Camera
6. Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR)
7. Gamepad
8. Touch Screen.
(1) Keyboard
A keyboard is a peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a computer or any
other electronic machinery. It is one of the most common and familiar input devices. A
typical computer keyboard contains all letters, numbers, and symbols of a regular type-writer
plus special keys that may include Function keys, Control key, Tab key, Shift key etc.
(2) Mouse
A mouse is a pointing device which usually contains one, two or three buttons. The mouse
controls cursor movement on the screen as the user rolls/drags it on a flat surface.
Features of Mouse
Right mouse button
Scroll wheel
Left mouse button
Mouse wire
Mouse wire
Palm rest
Mouse Pointers
Normal select Pointer: used to select or point to objects
Text select pointer: used to indicate a location between characters.
Link select pointer: used to select text and graphics link e.g. a website address.
Busy processing pointer:: used to indicate wait signal for window to become responsive.
Move pointer: indicates mouse readiness to move an object
SUBJECT: COMPUTER STUDIES
WEEK 2
Definition
Output device are peripherals device that allow a computer to communicate information to
humans or another machine by accepting data from the computer and transforming them into
a usable form. Output can be understood by humans in the form of hardcopy and soft copy.
Hardcopy: this is an output on paper and can be read immediately or stored and read
later. This is relatively stable and permanent form of output.
Soft-copy: This is usually a screen-displayed output. It is a transient form of output
and is lost when the computer is turned off.
Examples of Output Devices
Monitors
Printers
Speakers
Plotters
WEEK 3
Definition
Types of Software
System Software
WEEK 4
Definition
WEEK 5
Definition
Application Packages
WEEK 6
WEEK 7
Definition
WEEK 8
WEEK 9
Meaning of BASIC
BASIC Characterset
BASIC Statements
Arithmetic Operators
SUBJECT: COMPUTER STUDIES
WEEK 10
Arithmetic Expressions