POKUS – Plinski zakoni: Charlesov zakon

1) Početni uvjeti

Širina posude: l = 15 nm = 15 ⋅10−9 m

Veličina čestice: Heavy

Broj čestica: N=400

2) i 3) Pokus i obrada podataka

a)

Redni broj
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
mjerenja

T ∕K 300 345 390 435 480

p / atm 31.1 35.8 40.4 45.2 49.9

p/T =c −1 −1 −1 −1 −1
(atmK-1) 1.037 ⋅ 10 1.037 ⋅ 10 1.03 6 ⋅ 10 1.03 9 ⋅ 10 1.03 9 ⋅10

Redni broj
6. 7. 8.
mjerenja

T ∕K 525 570 615

p / atm 54.5 59.1 63.8

p/T =c −1 −1 −1
(atmK-1) 1.03 8 ⋅ 10 1.037 ⋅ 10 1.03 7 ⋅ 10
b) p/T grafikon

/ atm

/K

p
4) Račun pogreški za veličinu „c“: c=
T
a) srednja vrijednost veličine c
c 1 +c 2 +c 3+ c 4 +c 5 +c 6 +c 7 +c 8
c=
8
c=
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1
1.037⋅10 +1.037 ⋅10 +1.03 6 ⋅10 +1.03 9⋅ 10 +1.03 9⋅10 + 1.03 8⋅ 10 + 1.037⋅10 + 1.037 ⋅10
8
−1
c=1.0375 ⋅10

b) apsolutne pogreške mjerenja

Δ c1 =|c−c1|=|1.0375 ⋅10−1−1.037 ⋅10−1|=5 ⋅10−5

Δ c2 =|c−c2|=|1.0375 ⋅10 −1.037 ⋅10 |=5 ⋅10

−1 −1 −5

Δ c3 =|c−c3|=|1.0375 ⋅ 10 −1.03 6 ⋅10 |=1. 5⋅ 10−4

−1 −1

Δ c 4=|c−c 4|=|1.0375 ⋅ 10 −1.03 9 ⋅ 10 |=1. 5⋅10−4

−1 −1

Δ c5 =|c−c5|=|1.0375 ⋅10 −1.03 9 ⋅ 10 |=1.5 ⋅10

−1 −1 −4
Δ c6 =|c−c 6|=|1.0375 ⋅10−1 −1.03 8⋅ 10−1|=5 ⋅10−5

Δ c7 =|c−c 7|=|1.0375 ⋅10 −1.037 ⋅ 10 |=5 ⋅10

−1 −1 −5

Δ c 8=|c−c 8|=|1.0375 ⋅10 −1.037 ⋅ 10 |=5 ⋅10

−1 −1 −5

c) maksimalna (najveća) apsolutna pogreška

−4
Δ c max ¿ 1.5 ⋅10

d) konačni rezultati mjerenja

c =1.0375 ⋅ 10−1 ±1. 5 ⋅10−4

e) najveća relativna pogreška

|Δ cmax | |1.5 ⋅ 10−4|

r max = = −1
⋅100 %= 0.15 %
c 1.0375 ⋅ 10

Zaključak