Global Demography

What is Demographics?
 Demographics is the study of a population based on factors such as
age, race, and sex.
 POPULATION
 Governments, corporations, and nongovernment organizations use
demographics to learn more about a population's characteristics for
many purposes, including policy development and economic
market research.
 1. policy development
LAW/POLICY – audience – majority
80% - teenagers
law – education, health, family planning, career, jobs
TARGET AUDIENCE

 Market
females – products –
senior citizens – mini skirts/ gadgets complicated –
 audience – products to produce – need

What is the current globe population?

 7.8 Billion

Definition of Terms
1. Birth Rate – the number of birth per 1000 people per unit of
time (usually year)

Birth Rate = (Total live births/ Total population) x 1000

5,000 / 100,000
0.05 x 1000

50 / annum per year

2. Mortality Rate: the percentage of people who die relative to

the country’s population (annual)

Death Rate = Total death/ Total population x 1000


3. Life Expectancy - the average number of years which a
person of that age may expect to live according to the mortality
pattern prevalent in that country.
 “60 is the new 40”
 life begins at 40
 The life expectancy of people is rising
4. Fertility Rate: total number of children borne by a woman at a
point of time during her child-bearing age (15 to 45 years).
 Family size depends upon
a. Duration of marriage
b. Education of people
c. Contraception method
d. Socio economic status

5. Median Age: the age that divides a population into two

numerically equally-sized groups – half the people are younger and
half are older.

GITNA

5 people
 1
2
3
4
5

 It is a single index that summarized the age distribution of a

population
 21.7 – 1970
 30 – 2019

6. Age Dependency Ratio – the ratio of dependents (people

younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working group

15-64 – working group – presumed working group

1-14y/o, 65-onwards – presumed dependents

 Developing countries like India and the Philippines had higher

dependency ratios than the West in 1900
dependents > working group

 A great increase in dependency ratio was caused by the decline

in infant and child mortality and high levels of fertility, with its
peak around 1970.
bumaba mortality – tumataas fertility – 1-14y/o
bata ang populasyon
 20 people

15 non working
5 working

15/5

3:1
 Theories of
population growth and decline
Malthusian Theory – pessimistic
 Overpopulation - massive poverty
 Thomas Malthus theorized pessimistically that
population is uncontrollable
 Malthus argued that population is growing faster than
the amount of resources we could produce.
 At some point, population would outgrow resources
(food)

year 1
100 sacks of rice / month
100 people

1 person/ 1 sack of rice

year 2
120 sacks of rice / month
240 people
1 person =/ 1 sack of rice
240 people – 240 sacks

2 persons = 1 sack of rice

240 people / 120 sacks of rice
2 people = 1 sack of rice
1 person – 1/2sack

year 10

1000 sack of rice

10,000 people

=== overpopulation – little resources

-massive poverty – HUNGER =

Demographic Transition Model

 1 stage – overpop = poverty
 changes per stage
 This model predicts that as a country develops,
high birth rates and high death rates will fall
 This model also predicts that countries will pass
through periods of industrialization and
urbanization on the way to reduce birth and death
rates
 Starting POINT
 High BR – High DR
 Characterized by high birth rates and high
fluctuating death rates resulting in small population
growth
 Plagues, diseases, and poor nutrition keep
mortality high.
 Birth BR - Low DR - increase population
 Characterized by improved health care,
sanitation and increased food supplies, leading to a
rapid fall in death rates.
 Birth rates are still high, so there is a rapid
increase in population numbers.
 Lower BR – same DR
 increase population – Not abrupt -
 Characterized by decreased growth rate of a
population.
 Birth rates begin to fall
 Industrialization, urbanization, and improved
living standards lead to less desire for large families
 Starting to fall – Lower BR + Lower DR
 Characterized by the completion of the transition
to a low growth rate with low birth and death rates
 The birth rate may fluctuate in special
circumstances, such as in the post-war “baby boom”.
 The term "baby boom" is often used to refer
specifically to the post–World War II (1946–1964)
baby boom in the United States and Europe. In the
US the number of annual births exceeded 2 per 100
women (or approximately 1% of the total population
size). An estimated 78.3 million Americans were
born during this period.
 The hardships and uncertainties of the Great
Depression and World War II led many couples to
delay marriage and many married couples to delay
having children.
 The war’s end, followed by a sustained period of
economic prosperity (the 1950s and early 1960s),
was accompanied by a surge in population.
 completion
 Lowest BR – Lower DR
 Characterized by a lower birth than death rate
 This is happening in some Europen countries and
Japan
 It is not known if this trend will also extend in
some areas
Summary
 Implication of Overpopulation

Good news
 Better economy
 higher labor – population
 Efficient utilization of resources
overpopulated in ONE AREA
ONE CITY
allocate resources
distribute – transportation x

 Medical, agricultural and industrial

growth – more labor – more opportunities
 Better labour force
 Good working age population
 Productive
 Greater investment in capital formation

The perils of overpopulation

 Shortage of food and land
 maximum carrying capacity of the earth
 food production must increase to 70%
 Environmental problems
 Unemployment
 Poverty and low standard of living
 Inflation
 Conflict and war when resources ran out
Ten largest countries in the world today:
China 1,367,485,388
India 1,251,695,584
United States 321,368,864
Indonesia 255,993,674
Brazil 204,259,812
Pakistan 199,085,847
Nigera 181,562,056
Bangladesh 168,957,745
Russia 142,423,773
Japan 126,919,659

Ten smallest countries in the world today:

Dominica 73,607
Marshall Islands 72,191
Saint Kitts & Nevis 51,936
Liechtenstein 37,624
SanMarino 33,020
Monaco 30,535
Palau 21,265
Tuvalu 10,869
Nauru 9,540
Vatican City 842
 Largest Cities in the World
1. Shanghai 24,256,800 China
2. Karachi 23,500,000 Pakistan
3. Beijing 21,516,000 China
4. Delhi16,349,831 India
5.Lagos16,060,303 Nigeria
6. Tianjin 15,200,000 China
7. Istanbul 14,160,467 Turkey
8. Tokyo 13,513,734 Japan
9. Guangzhou 13,080,500 China
10. Mumbai12,442,373 India