Introduction

o Maharashtra is a state in India located in the western region.

o It is the second-most populous state in the country, with a population of over 122 million
people.

o The capital of Maharashtra is Mumbai, a major financial and commercial hub of India.

o The state is known for its rich history, culture, and cuisine.

o Maharashtra is also home to a number of religious and historical sites, including Ajanta and
Ellora Caves.

Climate

 Maharashtra is a tropical region with three different seasons – Winter, Summer and Monsoon

 The average temperature in Maharashtra ranges from 20°C to 37°C. The average temperature in
the coastal region is around 27°C and in the interior regions, it is around 33°C.

 Summer extends from March to May and is extremely hot, average temperature being 26°c

 Winter prevails from October to February and has mild weather with the average temperature.

 Rainfall starts in early June and extends to late August.

 The average precipitation in Maharashtra varies from region to region. The coastal region
receives an average of 2000 mm of rainfall, while the interior regions receive an average of 700
mm of rainfall per year. Areas like Thane and Ratnagiri receive an average of 200cm rain
annually whereas areas like Nashik and Pune receive less than 50cm of rain.

Agriculture

Agriculture is an important component of the state's economy, contributing to around 19% of the
state's GDP and providing employment to almost 45% of the state's population. According to the
2011-12 Agricultural Census, the total area under cultivation in the state is 11.3 million hectares,
out of which 9.7 million hectares are used for crop cultivation.

In terms of the number of farmers, Maharashtra has the highest number of agricultural workers in
the country, with nearly 46.5 million farmers, which is about 31.4% of the total agricultural
workers in India. Out of the total farmers in Maharashtra, 73% are small and marginal farmers
and the remaining 27% are large and medium farmers.

The major crops grown in Maharashtra are cereals, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, and sugarcane.
Cereals and pulses cover the largest area with around 3.7 million hectares and 2.3 million
hectares respectively, while oilseeds covered 1.7 million hectares. Cotton and sugarcane are the
other important crops in Maharashtra, covering around 1.6 million hectares and 1.2 million
hectares respectively.
In terms of the value of output, cereals and pulses contribute the most to the agricultural output
of Maharashtra, accounting for about 41.4% and 24.4% of the total agricultural output in the
state respectively. Cotton and sugarcane are the other important contributors to the agricultural
output, accounting for around 15.2% and 10.8% respectively.

THE FILM INDUSTRY:-

The state is home to some of the biggest and most successful film production studios in the
country, such as Yash Raj Films, Dharma Productions, and UTV Motion Pictures.

In terms of revenue, the film industry in Maharashtra is estimated to have generated over INR
22,000 crore (USD 3.2 billion) in 2018. This is equivalent to 1.6% of the state’s Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). On average, this equates to around INR 7,500 crore (USD 1.1 billion) in revenue
every year.

In terms of employment, the film industry in Maharashtra is estimated to have provided jobs to
over 1.3 million people in 2018. This is equivalent to 0.4% of the state’s population. On average,
this equates to around 400,000 jobs every year.

In terms of box office collections, the film industry in Maharashtra is estimated to have reached
over INR 8,800 crore (USD 1.3 billion) in 2018. This is equivalent to 0.5% of the state’s GDP.
On average, this equates to around INR 3,000 crore (USD 440 million) in box office collections
every year.

Overall, the film industry in Maharashtra is a major contributor to the state’s economy. It
provides jobs to a significant number of people and generates significant revenue, both in terms
of production and box office collections.

DANCE & MUSIC:

Maharashtra is a state located in western India, known for its vibrant culture and lively dance
forms. One of the most popular and iconic dances from Maharashtra is the Lavni, a folk dance
that is often accompanied by a kind of song called "Lokageet".

The dance is performed in a circle, with the dancers forming a circle and the singers standing in
the center. As the music begins, the dancers begin to step in a clockwise motion, clapping and
swaying in time with the beat. Each dancer will take turns leading the circle, performing intricate
and demanding steps that require a combination of coordination and mathematical timing.

Each step requires precise timing and coordination, as the dancers must move their feet in
specific patterns and at specific speeds. The steps also require the dancers to move their arms in
specific directions and at specific angles, often in relation to the other dancers in the circle. This
combination of mathematical precision and physical coordination is what makes the Lavni dance
so unique and beautiful.
From folk music to modern Bollywood hits, music from Maharashtra has been enjoyed for generations.

One can analyze the melodies of traditional folk songs and religious hymns. By looking at the intervals
between notes, the frequencies of notes present, the harmonic structure of the song, and other factors,
one can create mathematical models of the music. These models can then be used to compare the
songs to each other and draw conclusions about the similarities and differences between them.

Maharashtra's music is with rhythm. The beats in many traditional songs are quite complex and
intricate. By studying the timing and placement of notes and beats, one can understand the underlying
structure of the music. This can help musicians and composers create new music based on the same
principles.

Finally, music from Maharashtra can also be studied using mathematics in terms of its popularity. By
looking at the number of albums, downloads, and concerts, one can measure the popularity of a
particular artist or genre. This can help music producers and promoters to decide which artists and
genres should receive more promotion and support.

MONUMENTS:-

The Gateway of India is a monumental arch located in Mumbai, India. It was built during the
British Raj in 1924. The Gateway of India is an iconic symbol of Mumbai, standing at 26 meters
tall and 20 meters wide. Its four turrets symbolize the four major dynasties that ruled India: the
Mughals, the Marathas, the Peshwas, and the British.

Mathematically speaking, the Gateway of India is described by a rectangular arch with a total
area of 520 square meters. Its four turrets are each 8 meters tall, and the arch is 26 meters tall and
20 meters wide, giving it a total circumference of 66 meters.

The Ajanta and Ellora Caves are a complex of rock-cut Buddhist, Hindu and Jain temples in
Maharashtra, India. Both the Ajanta and Ellora Caves were designated as UNESCO World
Heritage Sites in 1983.

The Ajanta Caves consist of 30 caves, while the Ellora Caves consist of 34 caves. This makes a
total of 64 caves between the two sites. Additionally, the Ajanta Caves contain 100 paintings,
while the Ellora Caves contain over 100 sculptures.

The Ajanta Caves are connected by a 2 km long passageway, while the Ellora Caves are
connected by a 1 km long passageway. The total length of the two passageways is 3 km. There
are also over 20 water tanks between the Ajanta and Ellora Caves, which have a combined
capacity of over 5000 cubic meters.