OSI MODEL

And
TCP/IP Model
Dr. Rajat
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Jain University

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 THE OSI MODEL

ISO is the organization.

OSI is the model.
ISO→International Standards Organization
OSI→Open Systems Interconnection

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is

a conceptual model that characterises and standardises the
communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system
without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. Its
goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with
standard communication protocols.

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The model partitions the flow of data in a communication system
into seven abstraction layers, from the physical implementation of
transmitting bits across a communications medium to the
highest-level representation of data of a distributed application.
Each intermediate layer serves a class of functionality to the layer
above it and is served by the layer below it.
Classes of functionality are realized in software by
standardized communication protocols.

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Tasks involved in sending a letter
Seven layers of the OSI model

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The interaction between layers in the OSI
model

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An exchange using the OSI model

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 Physical layer

The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one
hop (node) to the next.

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 Data link layer

The data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to
the next.

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Hop-to-hop delivery

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 Network layer

The network layer is responsible for the

delivery of individual packets from the source host to the destination host.

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Source-to-destination delivery

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 Transport layer

The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one
process to another.

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Reliable process-to-process delivery of a message

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 Session layer

The session layer is responsible for dialog control and synchronization.

Managing communication sessions, i.e., continuous exchange of
information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions
between two nodes

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 Presentation layer

The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression, and

encryption.

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 Application layer

The application layer is responsible for providing services to the

user. High-level APIs, including resource sharing, remote file access

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Summary of layers

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The TCP/IP Reference Model

• The TCP/IP reference model.

TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE

The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly match

those in the OSI model.
The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as having four
layers: host-to-network, internet, transport, and application.
However, when TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say that
the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five layers: physical, data
link, network, transport, and application.

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TCP/IP and OSI model

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Addresses in the TCP/IP protocol suite

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COMPARISON OF OSI AND TCP/IP
MODEL

One of the major difference is that OSI is a conceptual model which is not
practically used for communication, whereas, TCP/IP is used for
establishing a connection and communicating through the network.
The OSI model mainly emphasis on the services, interfaces and protocols;
make a clear distinction between these concepts. Conversely, the TCP
model is not able to distinctly describe these concepts.
Furthermore, the TCP/IP enables only connectionless communication mode
in the network layer but both modes (Connectionless and
connection-oriented) in the transport layer. When it comes to the OSI
model, it supports connectionless and connection-oriented communication
over the network layer but in the transport layer, connection-oriented
communication is merely allowed.

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TCP/IP model is developed by Department of Defence, whereas OSI
model was developed by ISO.
Four layers in TCP/IP whereas seven layers in OSI model.

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