MECC481 Week1 Algebra Trigonometry

Algebra & Trigonometry
MECC 481 Module 1
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1 - CITU

Before you proceed, check
the weekly tasks found in
slide 169
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
Topic 1: Algebra
ILO1. Review techniques in solving rate problem, work problem, clock problem, age problem, mixture
problem, and digit problem.
ILO2. Solve problems related to exponents, progression, logarithms, binomial theorem, quadratic
equation, remainder theorem, factor theorem, etc.
ILO3. Create and evaluate worded problems in algebra.
Topic 2: Trigonometry
ILO1. Recall identities, properties of right triangle, oblique triangle, etc.
ILO2. Evaluate identities and solve problems related to right triangle, oblique triangle, etc.
ILO3. Create and evaluate worded problems in trigonometry

Algebra
MECC 481 Topic 1

Motion Problem
In Algebra, the
problems pertaining
to motion deals only
with a uniform
velocity.

Motion Problem
Motion problems are based on the formula*:
𝒅 = 𝒗𝒕
𝒎
∗ 𝒅 = 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑚 , 𝒗 = 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒕 = 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 (𝑠)
𝒔

Motion Problem
Velocity combination
Let V1 = velocity of boat or plane
V2 = velocity of water current or wind
Traveling with the wind or water
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = V1 + V2
Traveling against the wind or water
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = V1 − V2

Motion Problem
Suggested Technique in solving motion problem:
Step 1: Draw a diagram to represent the relationship
between the distances involved in the problem.
Step 2: Set up a chart based on the formula: rate ×
time = distance.
Step 3: Use the chart to set up one or more
equations.
Step 4: Solve the equations.

Sample Problem No.1
We traveled for nine hours. Then we
increased our velocity by 10 miles
per hour and traveled an additional
five hours. What was our original
velocity if all together we have
traveled 750 miles? Ans. 50 mph
Solution
Let us denote our velocity in the first nine hours by x. During the second part of the trip our velocity was x + 10
The distance traveled in the first part and the distance traveled in the second part add up to 750 miles.

Sample Problem No.2
A bicycle leaves Chicago, heading
East at 10 mph. Three hours later, a
second bicycle leaves Chicago,
heading East at 12 mph. How long
will to take for the second bicycle to
overtake the first bicycle? Ans. 15 hr
Solution
Let x denote the time that the second bicycle spent traveling. Then the first bicycle had x + 3 hours to travel.
The distances are equal. They both start at Chicago and meet at the meeting point.

Sample Problem No.3
Town A and town B are located 55 miles apart. A
jogger starts in town A and jogs toward town B.
At the same time, a bicycle starts in town B and
travels toward town A. The difference between
the speed of the jogger and that of the bicycle is
3 miles per hour. Find the speeds if the jogger
and the bicycle meet exactly 5 hours after the
start. Ans. 4 mph & 7 mph

Solution
Let x denote the speed of the jogger. Then the speed of the bicycle is x + 3.
The equation expresses that when they meet, the jogger and the bicycle has covered the 55 miles between A
and B.
Thus the speed of the jogger is 4 mph and that of the bicycle is 7 mph.

Sample Problem No.4
The cop was chasing the crook who had a 100 ft
head start. The velocity of the cop was 15 feet
per second while that of the crook was 11 feet
per second. How long until the cop catches up
with him? Ans. 25 sec

Solution
Let x denote the time they both had to travel.
The cop had to run as much as the crook ran, in addition to the headstart.

Sample Problem No.5
A boat man rows to a place 4.8 miles
with the stream and back in 14 hours,
but finds that he can row 14 miles with
the stream in the same time as 3 miles
against the stream. Find the rate of the
stream.? Ans. 0.8 mph

Solution
Let: 𝑣1 = velocity of boatman, 𝑣2 =velocity of stream
1st Hint: Total time when the boat is with the stream current (1) +
Total time when the boat is against the stream current (2) = 14 hrs
𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 + 𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 14
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

+ = 14
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚
4.8 4.8
+ = 14
𝑣1 + 𝑣2 𝑣1 − 𝑣2
𝟒𝟗. 𝟔𝒗𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝒗𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟒𝒗𝟐𝟐 → 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟏

Solution
2nd Hint: He can row 14 miles with the stream in the same time as 3 miles
against the stream. For this case, the time in take to row with the stream is
Equal to the time to row against the stream.
𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

=
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚
14 3
=
𝑣1 + 𝑣2 𝑣1 − 𝑣2
𝒗𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟓𝒗𝟐 → 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐

Solution
Substitute equation 2 to equation 1
𝟒𝟗. 𝟔(𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟓𝒗𝟐 ) = 𝟏𝟒(𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟓𝒗𝟐 ) − 𝟏𝟒𝒗𝟐𝟐
𝒗𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 𝒎𝒑𝒉 −> 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚

Work Problem
Work problems have
direct real-life
applications. Some
problems involved
number of persons
working as well as
pipes filling a tank.

Work Problem
Case 1: Total man-hr to complete work = sum of unit man-hr:
Example: 1750 man-hr to build a house = 1100 man-hr civil works,
650 man-hr electrical and mechanical works.
Case 2: Sum of unit work = total unit of work:
1 1 1 1
+ + =
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑇
t is the time that worker 1,2,3 each can do the job alone and T is the
total time that worker can finish the job if all of them work together.

Work Problem
Case 3: Work (unit work) Time of work done:
1 1 1 1 1 1
[ + + ]𝑡𝐴 + [ + + ]𝑡𝐵 += 1
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑡𝑥 𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑧
𝑡𝐴 is the time where 1,2,3, work together

𝑡𝐵 is the time where x,y,z, work together

Work Problem
Suggested Technique in solving work problem:
Step 1: A problem involving work can be solved using the appropriate
formula depending on the case.
Step 2: Solve the equation created in the first step. This can be done
by first multiplying the entire problem by the common denominator
and then solving the resulting equation.
Step 3: Answer the question asked of you in the problem and be sure
to include units with your answer.

Sample Problem No.6
It takes Randy four hours to paint a
room. It takes Cecile six hours to
paint the same room. How long
does it take for them to paint the
room together? Ans. 2.4 hr

Solution
1 1 1 1
+ + =
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑇
1 1 1
+ =
6 4 𝑇
𝑇 = 2.4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

Sample Problem No.7
A swimming pool can be filled by three
water pipes, A, B and C. Pipe A alone
can fill the pool in 8 hours. Pipe B alone
can fill the pool in 10 hours, and pipe C
can fill it in 12 hours. How long does it
take to fill the swimming pool using all
three pipes? Ans. 3.24 hr
Solution
1 1 1 1
+ + =
𝑡𝐴 𝑡𝐵 𝑡𝐶 𝑇
1 1 1 1
+ + =
8 10 12 𝑇
𝑇 = 3.24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

Sample Problem No.8
Ann can paint her room in 10 hours. If
Ann and Britney work together, it takes
them 6 hours to paint the room. How
long would it take for Britney to paint the
room alone? Ans. 15 hr

Solution
1 1 1
+ =
𝑡𝐴 𝑡𝐵 𝑇
1 1 1
+ +=
10 𝑡𝐵 6
𝑡𝐵 = 15 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

Sample Problem No.9
A swimming pool can be filled by a water
pipe in 8 hours and can be emptied by
another pipe in 10 hours. One night,
when the pool is empty, we accidentally
leave both pipes open. How long will it
take for the pool to be filled with water?
Ans. 40 hr
Solution
1 1 1
+ =
𝑡𝐴 𝑡𝐵 𝑇
Since the second pipe is working opposite the first, it will be denoted by a negative sign,
1 1 1
− +=
8 10 𝑇
𝑇 = 40 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

Sample Problem No.10
Andy and Lilian together clean their
house in 6 hours. Working alone, it takes
Andy 5 hours longer to clean the house
than for Lilian. How long does it take for
Andy to clean the house? Ans. 15 hr

Solution
1 1 1
+ =
𝑡𝐴 𝑡𝐿 𝑇
1 1 1
− +=
𝑡𝐿 + 5 𝑡𝐿 6
𝑡𝐿 = 10 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 → 𝐿𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛
𝑡𝐴 = 10 + 5 = 15 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 → 𝐴𝑛𝑑𝑦

Clock Problem
A clock problem is a
mathematical problem which
focus on the relationship of tile
movements of the hands (hour
hand, minute hand, second
hand) of the clock. this type of
problem is for mechanical docks
only and never for a digital
clocks.

Clock Problem
Basis of Analysis:
Let x be the number of minute spaces the minute hand will rotate
around the clock
For every x travel of minute hand:

The hour hand travels = x/12 minute spaces
The second hand travels = 60x
Other modifiers of the position of hands of the clock:
15 minute spaces -> hands at 90 degrees
30 minute spaces -> hands opposite each other

In how many minutes after 7:00 o’clock
will the hands of the clock be directly
opposite to each other for the first time?
Ans. 5.454 min

Solution
To find the minute time (x) : If “directly opposite”, multiply the opposite time by (60/11)
Opposite of 7 is 1,
Thus, x = 1 (60/11) = 5.454 minutes

At what time between 4 and 5, will the
hands of a clock coincide?
Ans. 4:21:49

Solution
To find the minute time (x) : If “coincide”, multiply the lower given time by (60/11)
Lower given time is 4,

Thus, x = 4 (60/11) = 21.81 minutes
To convert this to the required time after 4 o’clock, we have

21 minutes and 0.81 of a minute or 0.81*60 = 49 seconds
Therefore, the time after 4:21:49

At what time between 10 and 11 will the
minute and hour hand be at right angles?
Ans. 10:05:27

Solution
To find the minute time (x) : If “right angle”, count fifteen minute from the lower hour and multiply the result
by (60/11)
Lower given time is 10,

Counting fifteen minutes from 10 o’clock, we have 1 o’clock
Thus, x = 1 (60/11) = 5.45 minutes
To convert this to the required time after 10 o’clock, we have

5 minutes and 0.45 of a minute or 0.45*60 = 27 seconds
Therefore, the time after 10:05:27

What is the angle between the minute hand
and the hour hand of a clock when the time
is 4:20? Ans. 10⁰

Solution
Every 1 minute = 6 degrees
The minute space between the hour hand and minute hand is x/12
From the figure, 𝑥 = 20 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑥
𝑥 20
Thus, = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
12 12
20 6 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 10 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
12 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑥/12

The angle between the minute hand and the
hour hand of a clock when the time is 3:30
is? Ans. 75⁰

Solution
Every 1 minute = 6 degrees
By inspection, the angle between the hands of the clock is 90 degrees

minus the angle equivalent of x/12 minutes, where x = 30 minutes
𝑥 30
Thus, = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
12 12
30 6 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 15 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑥/12
12 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
Angle = 90 degrees – 15 degrees = 75 degrees

Age Problem
No. years passed by = present age – past age
No. years to come = future age – present age
Technique:
Assume the present age to be the reference
and just use + if the age referred is future and –
if the age referred to is past.

Age Problem
Structure of Age table:
Present
Change
Age
Person A
Person B

Age Problem
STEPS IN SOLVING AGE PROBLEM:
1. Fill in the now column. The person we know nothing about is
x.
2. Fill in the future/past column by adding/subtracting the change
to the now column.
3. Make an equation for the relationship in the future. This is
independent of the table.
4. Replace variables in equation with information in future cells of
table
5. Solve the equation for x, use the solution to answer the
question
Adam is 20 years younger than
Brian. In two years Brian will be
twice as old as Adam. How old are
they now?
Ans. Adam is 18 and Brian is 38

Bonus Question
This is to check whether you are studying this material.

How do you find studying this material so far?
Follow the format: <Full Name> <Space> <MECC481>
<Space> <Answer>
Send to 09397275536
The first half of the students to text will receive additional 5
points in the problem set.

Solution
Let x be the age of Brian now and Adam is In two years, Brian will be twice as old as
20 years younger than Brian Adam,
𝐴𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑎𝑛 = 2 𝐴𝑔𝑒𝐴𝑑𝑎𝑚
𝑥 + 2 = 2 𝑥 − 18
𝑥 = 38
38 → 𝐴𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑟𝑦𝑎𝑛 𝑁𝑜𝑤

38 − 20 = 18 → 𝐴𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑑𝑎𝑚 𝑁𝑜𝑤
After two years, their age will be

Carmen is 12 years older than
David. Five years ago the sum of
their ages was 28. How old are they
now?
Ans. Carmen is 25 and David is 13

Solution
Let x be the age of David now and Carmen 5 years ago, the sum of their ages is 28
is 12 years older than David
𝐴𝑔𝑒𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛 + 𝐴𝑔𝑒𝐷𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑 = 28
𝑥 + 12 − 5 + 𝑥 − 5 = 28
𝑥 = 13
13 → 𝐴𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑 𝑁𝑜𝑤

13 + 12 = 25 → 𝐴𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑁𝑜𝑤
5 years ago, their age were

The sum of the ages of Nicole and
Kristin is 32. In two years Nicole will
be three times as old as Kristin.
How old are they now?
Ans. Nicole is 25 and Kristin is 7

Solution
Let x be the age of Nicole now and Kristen In two years Nicole will be three times as
is 32 – x now old as Kristin
𝐴𝑔𝑒𝑁𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑒 = 3(𝐴𝑔𝑒𝐾𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛 )
𝑥 + 2 = 3 34 − 𝑥
𝑥 = 25
25 → 𝐴𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑜𝑤

32 − 25 = 7 → 𝐴𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑁𝑜𝑤
After two years, their age will be

Mixture Problem
Quantity Analysis:
A+B=C
Composition Analysis:
Ax + By = Cz
A, B, & C are numbers of quantities by volume or weight

x, y, & z are the unit cost or fractional parts.

How many gallons of 3% acid
solution must be mixed with 60
gallons of 10% acid solution to
obtain an acid solution that is 8%?
Ans. 24 gallons of 3%

Solution
Quantity Analysis:
𝑨 + 𝟔𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍 = 𝑪 → 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟏
𝑨 𝟑% + 𝟔𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍 𝟏𝟎% = 𝑪 𝟖% → 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐
Substitute equation 1 to equation 2:
𝐴 3% + 60 𝑔𝑎𝑙 10% = (𝐴 + 60 𝑔𝑎𝑙) 8%
𝐴 = 24 𝑔𝑎𝑙

How much water should we add to
20 gallons of 15% acid solution to
dilute it to a concentration of 12%?
Ans. 5 gallons

Solution
Quantity Analysis:
𝑨 + 𝟐𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍 = 𝑪 → 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟏
𝑨 𝟎% + 𝟐𝟎 𝒈𝒂𝒍 𝟏𝟓% = 𝑪 𝟏𝟐% → 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐
𝐴(0%) + 20 𝑔𝑎𝑙 (15%) = (𝐴 + 20 𝑔𝑎𝑙) (12%)

𝐴 = 5 𝑔𝑎𝑙

An alloy containing 30% silver is
mixed with a 55% silver alloy to get
800 pounds of 40% alloy, how much
of the 30% silver alloy must be
used?
Ans. 480 pounds
Solution
Quantity Analysis:
𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 → 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟏
𝑨 𝟑𝟎% + 𝑩 𝟓𝟓% = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃 𝟒𝟎% → 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐
𝐴 30% + (800𝑙𝑏 − 𝐴) 55% = 800𝑙𝑏 40%

𝐴 = 480 𝑙𝑏

Digit Problem
Basis of Analysis:
For: 2 digit number
10t + u = original number
10u + t = reversed number
For: 3 digit number
100h + 10t + u = original number
100u + 10t + h = reversed number
Where: u (unit digit), t (ten’s digit), h (hundred’s digit)

Sample Problem No. 22
The sum of the digits in a two-digit
number is 11. If we interchange the
digits in the number, we obtain a new
number that is 27 less than the original
number. Find this number?
a. 64 b. 74 c. 84 d. 94

Solution
For: 2 digit number
10𝑡 + 𝑢 = original number
10𝑢 + 𝑡 = reversed number
The sum of the digits in a two-digit number is 11
𝑡 + 𝑢 = 11 → t = 11 − u → Equation 1
If we interchange the digits in the number, we obtain a new number that is 27 less than the original
number
10𝑡 + 𝑢 – 10𝑢 + 𝑡 = 27 → Equation 2
Substitute equation 1 to 2
(10 11 − 𝑢 + 𝑢) – (10𝑢 + (11 − 𝑢)) = 27
𝑢=4
𝑡 = 11 − 4 = 7
The original number is 10𝑡 + 𝑢 = 10(7) + 4 = 74

The one’s digit in a two-digit number
is three less than the ten’s digit. If
we interchange the digits in the
number and add this new number to
the original number, the sum is 77.
Find this number? Ans. 52
Solution
For: 2 digit number
10𝑡 + 𝑢 = original number
10𝑢 + 𝑡 = reversed number
The one’s digit in a two-digit number is three less than the ten’s digit
𝑢 = 𝑡 − 3 → Equation 1
If we interchange the digits in the number and add this new number to the original number, the
sum is 77
10𝑡 + 𝑢 + 10𝑢 + 𝑡 = 77 → Equation 2
Substitute equation 1 to 2
10𝑡 + (𝑡 − 3) + 10(𝑡 − 3) + 𝑡 = 77
𝑡=5
𝑢 =5−3=2
The original number is 10𝑡 + 𝑢 = 10(5) + 2 = 52

Laws of Exponents

Simplify
1
2 3 −2 −3 −3 3 −2
𝑥 y z x yz
5
−3 −
𝑥𝑦𝑧 2
𝟏
Ans.
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟕 𝒛𝟑
Solution
1
−2
𝑥 2 y 3 z −2 −3 −3
x yz 3
5
−3 −2
𝑥𝑦𝑧
Distribute the exponent of each quantity in the parenthesis,
3 1 3
(𝑥 y z )(x 2 y 2 z −2 )
−6 −9 6 −
5 5 15
−2 −2 2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Add exponent of similar base in the numerator
3 1 3 9 19 9
−6+2 −9−2 6−2 −2 − 2 2
𝑥 y z 𝑥 y z
5 5 15 → 5 5 15
−2 −2 2 −2 −2 2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Perform division of like terms by subtracting− the exponent of denominator from the numerator
9 5 19 5 9 15
−−
𝑥 2 2 y 2 −−2 z 2− 2
−
1
𝑥 −2 y −7 z −3 or
𝑥 2y7z3

Solve for the value of x
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 13
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 16
Ans. 𝟐
Solution
This problem can be solved by using scientific calculator for 3 unknowns. Follow this link
https://youtu.be/r1m4NJ2WniA for the step by step procedure.

Evaluate:
4 52𝑛+1 − 10(52𝑛−1 )
𝑦= 2𝑛
2(5 )
Ans. 𝟗
Solution
Evaluate:
4 52𝑛+1 − 10(52𝑛−1 )
𝑦=
2(52𝑛 )
Expand the terms in each quantity in the numerator
4 52𝑛 (51 ) − 10(52𝑛 )(5−1
𝑦=
2(52𝑛 )
Cancel out 52𝑛 and solve the remaining numbers
4 (51 ) − 10(5−1 )
𝑦= =9
2

2 2
Give the factors of 𝑎 − 𝑥
Ans. 𝒂 + 𝒙 (𝒂 − 𝒙)

Solution
Using factoring method
𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2

Properties of Logarithm

Properties of Logarithm

If log 𝑎 10 = 0.25, what is the
value of log10 𝑎?
Ans. 𝟒
Solution
If log 𝑎 10 = 0.25, it is equivalent to 𝑎0.25 = 10 → 𝑎 = 10000
the value of log10 𝑎 = log10 10000 = 4

What expression is equivalent to
log 𝑥 − log(𝑦 + 𝑧)
𝒙
Ans. 𝒍𝒐𝒈
𝒚+𝒛

Solution
𝑥
Using quotient rule, log 𝑥 − log 𝑦 + 𝑧 = log( )
𝑦+𝑧

Find the value of x if log12 𝑥 = 2
Ans. 𝟏𝟒𝟒

Solution
If log12 𝑥 = 2 it is equivalent to x = 122 → 𝑥 = 144

Progression
Arithmetic Progression*
❑ Finding the nth term ❑ Common difference
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎 + 𝒏 − 𝒎 𝒅 𝒅 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒎
❑ Sum of all terms ❑ Arithmetic Mean
𝒏 (𝒂𝒎 +𝒂𝟑 )
𝑺= 𝒂𝒎 + 𝒂 𝒏 𝑨𝒎 =
𝒏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑺= 𝟐𝒂𝒎 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅 Example:
𝟐
2,4,6,8,10….
*Arithmetic Progression is a sequence of numbers called terms, each of which, after the first term is derived from the
preceding one by adding to it a fixed number called common difference.

Find the 30th term of an arithmetic
progression 4,7,10….
Ans. 𝟗𝟏

Solution
The 30th term of an arithmetic progression 4,7,10….
Using the formula 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎 + 𝒏 − 𝒎 𝒅
𝒂𝒎 = 𝟒 → 1st number
𝒎 = 𝟏 → the position of the 1st number
𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎 → the unknown term, last term
𝒅 = 𝟑 → common difference
𝒂𝟑𝟎 = 𝟒 + 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟏 𝟑 = 𝟗𝟏

A stack of bricks has 61 bricks in the
bottom layer, 58 bricks in the second
layer, 55 bricks in the third layer and so
on until there are 10 bricks in the last
layer. How many bricks are there?
Ans. 𝟔𝟑𝟗

Solution
This is an arithmetic progression 61, 58, 55….10
𝒂𝒎 = 𝟔𝟏 → 1st number
𝒎 = 𝟏 → the position of the 1st number
𝒅 = 𝟓𝟖 − 𝟔𝟏 = −𝟑 → common difference
𝑛
𝑆= 𝑎𝑚 + 𝑎𝑛
2
𝑛
𝑆 = 2𝑎𝑚 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
𝑛 𝑛
Equating the two equation of S, 𝑎𝑚 + 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑎𝑚 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2 2
𝑛 𝑛
61 + 10 = 2(61) + 𝑛 − 1 (−3 → 𝑛 = 18
2 2
𝑛 18
Thus 𝑆 = 𝑎𝑚 + 𝑎𝑛 = 61 + 10 = 639
2 2

Once a month, a man put some money into
the cookie jar. Each month he put 50
centavos more into the jar than the previous
month. After 12 years he counted his
money; he had P 5436. How much did he
put in the jar in the last month?
Ans. 𝐏 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓

Solution
The total number of months is 12 x 12 = 144
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 → the number of sequence
𝒅 = 𝟓𝟎 → common difference
𝑆 = 5436 → the sum
thus
𝑛
𝑆 = 2𝑎𝑚 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
2
144
5436 = 2𝑎𝑚 + 144 − 1 (0.5 ) → 𝑎𝑚 = 2
2
𝑛 144
Substituting to the first equation of S, 𝑆 = 𝑎𝑚 + 𝑎𝑛 → 5436 = 2 + 𝑎𝑛 → 𝑎𝑛 = 73.5
2 2

Progression
Geometric Progression*
❑ Finding the nth term ❑ Geometric Mean
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎 𝒓𝒏−𝒎 𝑮𝑴 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟑
❑ Sum of all terms ❑ Common ratio
𝒂𝟐
𝒂𝒎 (𝟏−𝒓𝒏 ) 𝒓=
𝑺= (if r < 1) 𝒂𝒎
𝟏−𝒓
𝒂𝒎 (𝒓𝒏 −𝟏) Example:
𝑺= (if r > 1)
𝒓−𝟏
2,4,8,16….
*Geometric progression is a sequence of numbers called terms, each of which, after the first term is obtained by
multiplying the preceding term by a fixed number called common ratio.

Find the sum of the first 10
terms of the geometric
progression 2,4,8,16…
Ans. 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟔
Solution
𝒂𝒎 (𝟏−𝒓𝒏 )
The sum of terms, 𝑺 = (if r < 1)
𝟏−𝒓
𝟒
𝒓 = = 𝟐 → common ratio
𝟐
𝒂𝒎 = 𝟐 → first term
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎 → number of terms
𝒂𝒎 (𝟏−𝒓𝒏 )
𝑺= since r is greater than 1
𝟏−𝒓
𝟐(𝟏 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎 )
𝑺= = 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟔
𝟏−𝟐

Find the geometric mean of 64
and 4?
Ans. 𝟏𝟔

Solution
𝑮𝑴 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟔𝟒 𝒙 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔

Progression
Infinite Progression*
𝒂𝒎
𝑺=
𝟏−𝒓
*Arithmetic Progression is a sequence of numbers called terms, each of which, after the first term is derived from the
preceding one by adding to it a fixed number called common difference.

Find the sum of the infinite
geometric progression 6, -2,
2/3...
Ans. 𝟒. 𝟓
Solution
𝒂𝒎
𝑺=
𝟏−𝒓
𝒂𝟏 = 𝟔 → first term
𝟐
𝒓 = − → common ratio
𝟔
𝒂𝒎 𝟔
𝑺= = = 𝟒. 𝟓
𝟏−𝒓 𝟏− −𝟐
𝟔

Find the ratio of an infinite
geometric series if the sum is 2
and the first term is ½.
Ans. 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
Solution
𝒂𝒎
𝑺=
𝟏−𝒓
𝑺 = 𝟐 → sum
𝟏
𝒂𝒎 = → first term
𝟐
𝟏
𝟐
𝟐= → 𝒓 = 0.75
𝟏−𝒓

Quadratic Equation
❑ General Quadratic Equation
𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑩𝒙 + 𝑪 = 𝟎
❑ Quadratic Formula
−𝒃 ± 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
❑ Nature of Roots
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 (𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍)
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 > 𝟎 (𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍)
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 < 𝟎 (𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒙)
Find the value of x in the
2
equation 24𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 1 = 0.
𝟏 𝟏
Ans. ,−
𝟖 𝟑

Solution
Using quadratic formula
−𝒃 ± 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
−𝟓 ± 𝟓𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟐𝟒)(−𝟏) 𝟏 𝟏
𝒙= → 𝒙 = ,−
𝟐(𝟐𝟒) 𝟖 𝟑

Find the value of k of the
equation
2
𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 4 = 0.
Ans. ±𝟒
Solution
Using discriminant
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒃𝟐 = 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒 → 𝒃 = ±𝟒

If the roots of the equation are 1
and 2. What is the quadratic
equation?
𝟐
Ans. 𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
Solution
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟐 =𝟎
Expand the equation,
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎

Factor Theorem
If (𝑥 − 𝑟) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥),
then r is a root of 𝑓(𝑥) = 0

Find the value of k for which 𝑥 +
4 is a factor of
3 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 𝑘.
Ans. 𝟒
Solution
Using the Factor Theorem, if 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 and if 𝑥 + 4 = 0 is a factor
Substituting this value of x to the given equation and solving for k
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0
𝑥 = −4
(−4)3 +2(−4)2 −7 −4 + 𝑘 = 0 → 𝑘 = 4

Remainder Theorem
If 𝑓 𝑥 is divided by 𝑥 − 𝑟, the
remainder is 𝑓(𝑟)

4
Find the remainder when 𝑥 −
2
10𝑥 − 9𝑥 − 20 is divided 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 −
4.
Ans. 𝟒𝟎
Solution
Using the remainder theorem, substituting the value of one of the roots 𝑥 − 4 = 0 to the equation
𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 20
𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 20
𝑥=4
44 − 10 4 2 − 9 4 − 20 = 40

Binomial Theorem
❑ In the expansion 𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒏
✓ the first term is 𝑥 n
✓ the last term is 𝑦 𝑛
✓ the exponent of x decreases by 1
✓ the exponent of y increases by 1
✓ the sum of exponents of each term is n
✓ the number of terms is n+1
✓ the coefficients of symmetrical terms are equal
Binomial Theorem
❑ Binomial Formula
𝑨𝑩
𝑫=
𝑪+𝟏
A is the coefficient of the previous term
B is the exponent of x of previous term
C is the exponent of y of previous term
D is the coefficient of next term
Binomial Theorem
❑ Finding the 𝒓𝒕𝒉 term
𝒕𝒉 𝒏−(𝒓−𝟏) 𝒓−𝟏
𝒓 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 = 𝒏𝑪𝒓−𝟏 (𝒙) 𝒚
Where,
r is the power of the term and n is the power
of the binomial.
Find the 6 th term of the
1 16
expansion of −3 .
2𝑎
𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟗
Ans. −
𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝒂𝟏𝟏
Solution
𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 = 𝒏𝑪𝒓−𝟏 (𝒙)𝒏−(𝒓−𝟏) 𝒚𝒓−𝟏
1 16
Given: −3
2𝑎
𝟏 𝟏𝟔−(𝟔−𝟏) 𝟏 𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟗
𝟔𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 = 𝟏𝟔𝑪𝟔−𝟏 ( ) 𝟔−𝟏
(−𝟑) = 𝟒𝟑𝟔𝟖 −𝟐𝟒𝟑 = −
𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟖𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝒂𝟏𝟏

Binomial Theorem
❑ Term involving 𝒚𝒓
𝒚𝒓 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 = 𝒏𝑪𝒓 𝒏−𝒓

𝒙 𝒚 𝒓
Where,
r is the power of the term and n is the power
of the binomial.
6
Find the term involving 𝑥 in
1 12
2
𝑥 + .
𝑥
𝟔
Ans. 𝟗𝟐𝟒 𝒙
Solution
𝒚𝒓 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 = 𝒏𝑪𝒓 𝒙𝒏−𝒓 𝒚𝒓
1 12
Given: 𝑥2 +
𝑥
𝟏 𝟔 𝟏
𝒙𝟔 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 = 𝟏𝟐𝑪𝟔 (𝒙𝟐 )𝟏𝟐−𝟔 ( ) = 𝟗𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟐
𝟔
= 𝟗𝟐𝟒 𝒙𝟔
𝒙 𝒙

Binomial Theorem
❑ Sum of exponents
𝑺 = 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
❑ Sum of Coefficients
𝒏
𝑺 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇. 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇. 𝒚
❑ Sum of Coefficients if the second term is
constant k
𝒏 𝒏
𝑺 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇. 𝒙 + 𝒌 − 𝒌
What is the sum of the
exponents of the expansion
14
𝑥 + 2𝑦 .
Ans. 𝟐𝟏𝟎
Solution
𝑺 = 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒
𝑺 = 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎

coefficients of the expansion
4
𝑥 + 2𝑦 .
Ans. 𝟖𝟏
Solution
𝑺 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇. 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇. 𝒚 𝒏
𝑺= 𝟏+𝟐 𝟒 = 𝟖𝟏

3
of 2𝑥 − 1 ?
Ans. 𝟐
Solution
𝑺 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇. 𝒙 + 𝒌 𝒏 − 𝒌 𝒏
𝑺= 𝟐−𝟏 𝟑 − −𝟏 𝟑 =𝟐

Trigonometry
MECC 481 Topic 2

ANGLES AND ITS MEASURE
The units in measuring angles:
1 revolution = 360 degrees
= 2π radians
= 400 grads
= 400 gons
= 6400 mils
Names given to angles and its equivalent:
Acute Angle 0° < ϴ < 90°

Right Angle ϴ = 90°
Obtuse Angle 90° < ϴ < 180°
Straight Angle ϴ = 360°
Sum of Angles
Complementary A+ B = 90°
Supplementary A+ B = 180°

TRIANGLES
Classifications

TRIANGLES
Schwarz’s Inequality
The sum of any two sides of any triangle is greater
than the third side.

TRIANGLES
Intersections on triangles
1. Centroid – intersection of the medians
2. Orthocenter – intersection of the altitudes
3. Incenter – intersection of the angle
bisector
4. Circumcenter – intersection of the
perpendicular bisector

TRIANGLES

RIGHT TRIANGLES
Pythagorean Theorem

RIGHT TRIANGLES

RIGHT TRIANGLES
Signs of
Trigonometric
Functions in each
quadrant

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES



OBLIQUE TRIANGLES

OBLIQUE TRIANGLES

OBLIQUE TRIANGLES

How many gradians is one
and a half revolutions
clockwise?
Ans. -600 grad

Solution
The units in measuring angles:
1 revolution = 400 grads
1.5 rev x 400 = 600 grad
(the negative sign means counterclockwise is the positive value)

The angle has its
complement three times is
supplement. Find the
angle.
Ans. 225°

Solution
• 90 − 𝐴 = 3 180 − 𝐴 → A = 225 deg

Hmmmm.

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Follow the format: <Full Name> <Space> <MECC401>
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Send to 09397275536

If the hypotenuse of the
triangle is 100 cm, and one
side is 10 cm longer than the
other, what is the length of the
shorter leg?
Ans. 65.53 cm
Solution
Using Pythagorean Theorem
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
𝑎2 + (𝑎 + 10)2 = (100)2 → 𝑎 = 65.53 𝑐𝑚

In which quadrant that A
terminates if sec is positive
and csc is negative?
Ans. Quadrant IV

Solution
Using the table,
SEC is positive in I and IV Quadrant
CSC is negative III and IV Quadrant
Therefore,
The answer is IV Quadrant

Solve for x if
tan 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟓 tan 𝒙
A. 20.7 degrees C. 40.7 degrees
B. 30.7 degrees D. 50.7 degrees
Ans. x = 20.705 degrees

Solution
3 tan 𝑥 – tan3 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 3𝑥 = = 5 tan 𝑥
(1 − 3 tan2 𝑥)
3 tan 𝑥 – tan3 𝑥 = 5 tan 𝑥 (1 − 3 tan2 𝑥)

3 tan 𝑥 – tan3 𝑥 = 5 tan 𝑥 − 15 tan3 𝑥
14tan3 𝑥 = 2 tan 𝑥
7tan2 𝑥 = 1
1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 =
7
1
𝑥 = tan−1
7
𝑥 = 20.705 𝑑𝑒𝑔

If tan 𝒙 = ½, tan 𝒚 = 𝟏/𝟑.
What is the value of
tan(𝒙 + 𝒚)?
Ans. 1

Solution
tan 𝒙 = ½ → 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟓 𝒅𝒆𝒈
𝟏
tan 𝒚 = → 𝐲 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝐝𝐞𝐠
𝟑
tan 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟓 + 𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟑𝟒 = 𝟏

A PLDT tower and a monument stand on
a level plane. The angles of depression of
the top and bottom of the monument
viewed from the top of the PLDT towers
are 13°and 35°, respectively. The height
of the tower is 50 m. Find the height of
the monument.
Ans. 33.51 m

Solution
13°
(50−ℎ) 50−h
Equation 1: tan 13 = →d=
𝑑 tan 13 35°
50 50
Equation 2: tan 35 = →d= 50 − ℎ
𝑑 tan 35
Equate 1 and 2
50 − h 50
= → ℎ = 33.51 𝑚 50 𝑚
tan 13 tan 35

The angle or inclination of
a road having 8.25% grade
is ____ degrees.
Ans. 4.72 degrees

Solution
• 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 = 0.0825 → 𝐴 = 4.72 𝑑𝑒𝑔

If the sides of a parallelogram
and an included angle are 6 m,
10 m, and 100°, respectively,
find the length of the shorter
diagonal.
Ans. 10.73 m
Solution
Using cosine law
𝑑 2 = 102 + 62 − 2 10 6 cos 80 → 𝑑 = 10.73 10 𝑚
100 ° 80 °
6𝑚
80 ° 100 °

Weekly Tasks
First task: Problem Set No.1 Show your complete and detailed solution
to 50 problems found in the next slides. You may solve more if you are not
confident with your answers. Make sure to use the same numbering in your
submitted solutions.
• Using CamScannerApp, scan your note and save in one PDF File. Submit
your output to my email rlucero.cit@gmail.com using the naming
conventions:
• File Name: surname_firstname_MECC481_PS1
Sep 3,
November
• DEADLINE: Not Later than FebSep21, 6 2022, 11:59 PM
3 2022
8,
2022

Weekly Tasks
Second task: Note No.1 Create a summary of Formula for Algebra
and Trigonometry (handwritten or type-written are both acceptable).
• Using CamScannerApp, scan your note and save in one PDF File. Submit
your output to my email rlucero.cit@gmail.com using the naming
conventions:
• File Name: surname_firstname_ MECC481_Notes1
Sep
DEADLINE: Not Later than Feb 3, 2022
November
21, 6 2022, 11:59 PM
8,
2022

PROBLEM SET 1

1. Roberto and Maria can do a piece of work in 42 days,
Maria and Susana in 31 days and Susana and Roberto
in 20 days. In how many days can all of them do the
work together?
2. A Cebu Pacific airplane travels from two airports with a
distance of 1500 km with a wind along its flight. It takes
the airplane 2 hr with the tailwind and 2.5 hr with the
headwind. Determine the velocity of the airplane in still
air.
3. What time after 3 o’clock will the hands of the clock be
together for the first time?
4. The boat travels downstream in 2/3 of the time as it does
going upstream. If the velocity of the river current is 8 kph,
determine the velocity of the boat in still water.
5. You and I working together can finish painting a home in 6
days. You working alone, can finish it in five days less than
I. How long will it take each of us to finish the work alone?
6. At approximately what time between the hours 12:00 noon
and 1 pm would the angle between the hour hand and
minute hand of a continuously driven clock be exactly 180
degrees?
7. A water pump can pump out water from a tank in 11 hours.
Another pump can pump out water from the same tank in 20
hours. How long will it take both pumps to pump out water in the
tank?
8. It takes Marlon twice as long as it takes Matteo to do a certain
piece of work. Working together they can do the work in 6 days.
How long would it take Matteo to do it alone?
9. You can finish installation of an antenna tower in 200 man-hour
while I can finish the same job in 300 man-hour. How long will it
take both of us to finish the same job, working together?
10. An airplane flying with the wind, took 2 hours to travel 1000 km
and 2.5 hours in flying back. What was the wind velocity in kph?

11.What time after 3 o'clock will the hands of the clock be together for
the first time?
12. At what time after 12:00 noon will the hour hand and minute hand
of the clock first form an angle of 120°?
13. An Airasia plane leaves an airport and flies south at 300 mph.
Later, a second plane leaves the same airport and flies south at
450 mph. If the second plane overtakes the first one in 1 hr, how
much earlier did the first plane leave?
14. A swimming pool can be filled by three water pipes, A, B and C.
Pipe A alone can fill the pool in 30 hours, pipe B alone is 6 hours,
and pipe C in 5 hours. How long does it take to fill the pool if all
three pipes are used?

15. Sam can mow the lawn in 5 hours. If Mar helps her, the lawn is
mowed in 3 hours. How long would it take for Mar to mow the lawn
alone?
16. Manila and General Santos are about 1000 miles apart. A car
leaves Manila to General Santos at the same time as a train
leaves General Santos for Manila. The train is 50 mph faster than
the car. Find the speed of the car if it takes 5 hours until the train
and car meet.
17. Ayesha paints her room in 12 hours. Bella can paint the same
room in 15 hours. Courtney can paint the same room in 10 hours.
How long would it take for the three of them to paint the room
together?

18. At what angle are the hands of a clock inclined at 30 minutes past
8?
19. On one job, two power shovels excavate 20,000 cubic meters of
earth, the larger shovel working 40 hours and the smaller for 35
hours. On another job, they removed 40,000 cubic meters with the
larger shovel working 70 hours and the smaller working 90 hours,
How much earth can each remove in 1 hour working alone?
20. What are some of your realizations while answering the
problems?

PROBLEM NO.21
Mary is 24 years old. Mary is
twice as old as Ann was
when Mary was as old as
Ann is now. How old is Ann
now?
PROBLEM NO.22
JJ is three times as old as
Jan-Jan. Three years ago, JJ
was four times as old as Jan-
Jan. What is the sum of their
ages?
PROBLEM NO.23
Paula is now 18 years old
and his colleague Monica is
14 years old. How many
years ago was Paula twice
as old as Monica?
PROBLEM NO.24
At present, the sum of the parents‘ ages is
twice the sum of the children's ages. Five
years ago, the sum of the parents' ages was
4 times the sum of the children's ages.
Fifteen years hence, the sum of the parents'
ages will be equal to the sum of the
children's ages. How many children are
there?
PROBLEM NO.25
Ten liters of 25 % salt solution and
15 liters of 35 % salt solution are
poured into a drum originally
containing 30 liters of 10% salt
solution. What is the per cent
concentration of salt in the mixture?
PROBLEM NO.26
Ten liters of pure water and 15 liters
of 35 % salt solution are poured into
a drum originally containing 30 liters
of 10% salt solution. What is the per
cent concentration of salt in the
mixture?
PROBLEM NO.27
How much water must be
evaporated from 10 kg solution
which has 4% salt to make a
solution of 10% salt?

PROBLEM NO.28
If a two digit number has x for its
unit's digit and y for its ten's
digit, represent the number.

PROBLEM NO.29
One number is 5 less than the
other. If their sum is 135, what
are the numbers?

PROBLEM NO.30
lf eight is added to the product
of nine and the numerical
number, the sum is seventy-one.
Find the unknown number.

PROBLEM NO.31
The second of the four numbers
is three less than the first. the
third is four more than the first
and the fourth is two more than
the third. Find the fourth number
if their sum is 35.
PROBLEM NO.32
A wool tapestry is 32 years older
than a linen tapestry. Twenty
years ago, the wool tapestry
was twice as old as the linen
tapestry. Find the present age of
each.
PROBLEM NO.33
Carolyn’s age is triple her
daughter’s age. In eight years
the sum of their ages will be 72.
How old are they now?

PROBLEM NO.34
Nicole is 26 years old. Emma is
2 years old. In how many years
will Nicole be triple Emma’s
age?

PROBLEM NO.35
The sum of the ages of two
children is 16 years. Four years
ago, the age of the older child
was three times the age of the
younger child. Find the present
age of each child.
PROBLEM NO.36
Mike is 4 years older than Ron.
In two years, the sum of their
ages will be 84. How old are
they now?

PROBLEM NO.37
How many liters of a 15% acid
solution should be mixed with 10
liters of a 36% acid solution to
obtain a mixture that is 20%?

PROBLEM NO.38
How many liters of a 17% acid
solution should be mixed with 8
liters of an 11% acid solution to
obtain a mixture that is 15%?

PROBLEM NO.39
How many gallons of each of a
7% and a 23% salt solutions
should be mixed to obtain 32
gallons of a 12% solution?

PROBLEM NO.40
How many liters of each of a
12% and a 33% alcohol
solutions should be mixed to
obtain 21 liters of a 25%
solution?
PROBLEM NO.41
The digits in a two-digit number
add up to 9. If we interchange
the digits in the number, we
obtain a new number that is 63
greater than the original number.
Find the original number.
PROBLEM NO.42
less than the original number.
PROBLEM NO.43
less than the original number.
PROBLEM NO.44
The one’s digit in a two-digit number
is 7 greater than the ten’s digit. If we
interchange the digits in the
number, we obtain a new number
that, when added to the original
number, results in the sum 99. Find
this number.
PROBLEM NO.45
The ten’s digit in a two-digit number
is 2 greater than the one’s digit. If
we interchange the digits in the
number, we obtain a new number
that, when added to the original
number, results in the sum 176.
Find this number.
PROBLEM NO.46
The 7th
term is 56 and the 12
term th
is -1792 of the geometric

progression. Find the ratio and the
first term. Assume the ratios are
equal.

PROBLEM NO.47
Find the sum of 1, -1/5, 1/25
…

PROBLEM NO.48
Factor the expression + 𝑥 2
6𝑥 + 8 as completely as
possible.

PROBLEM NO.49
In the expansion of (𝑥 +
12
4𝑦) , the numerical
th
coefficient of the 5 term is.

PROBLEM NO.50
3 2
The polynomial 𝑥 + 4𝑥 −
3𝑥 + 8 is divided by 𝑥 − 5 ,
then the remainder is.

PROBLEM NO.51
Find the remainder if we
divide
3 2
4𝑦 + 18𝑦 + 8𝑦 − 4 by 2𝑦 +
3.

PROBLEM NO.52
What is the sum of
20
of 2𝑥 − 1

PROBLEM NO.53
Determine the sum of x, y

and z if
𝑥𝑦 = 15, 𝑦𝑧 = 35, and
𝑧𝑥 = 21.
PROBLEM NO.54
Gravity causes a body to fall
st
16.1 feet in the 1 second, 48.3
nd
feet in the 2 second, 80.5 in
rd
the 3 second, and so on. How
far did the body fall during the
th
10 second?
PROBLEM NO.55
The number 𝑥, 2𝑥 + 7, and
10𝑥 − 7 form a geometric
progression. Find the value of
𝑥.

PROBLEM NO.56
If the sum is 220 and the first
term is 10, find the common
difference if the last term is
30.

PROBLEM NO.57
What is the solution of the
equation
2 2
50𝑥 + 5 𝑥 − 2 = −1,
where x is a real-valued
variable?
PROBLEM NO.58
What are the roots of the
cubic equation
3
𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 3 = 10?

PROBLEM NO.59
Naperian logarithm have a
base closest to which
number?

PROBLEM NO.60
What is the natural logarithm of
𝑥𝑦
𝑒 ?

PROBLEM NO.61
The salary of an employee’s job has five
levels, each one 5% greater than the
one below it. Due to circumstances, the
salary of the employee must be reduced
from the top (fifth) level to the second
level, which results in a reduction of 122
dollars per month. What is the
employee’s present salary per month?
PROBLEM NO.62
What is the base-10
logarithm of 1000?

PROBLEM NO.63
The arithmetic mean of 2a
and 2b is?

PROBLEM NO.64
The geometric mean of 64
and 4 is?

PROBLEM NO.65
What is the sum of the finite
sequence of the term
18,25,32,39……, 67

PROBLEM NO.66
Find the value of x in
𝑥+1 2𝑥
+ = 47 − 2𝑥.
3 4

PROBLEM NO.67
Simplify:
5𝑥 𝑥+3 2𝑥+1
2 − 2 + 2
2𝑥 +7𝑥+3 2𝑥 −3𝑥−2 𝑥 +𝑥−6

PROBLEM NO.68
Solve for y:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= =
𝑏−𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎−𝑏

PROBLEM NO.69
𝑥−𝑦 3 =?

PROBLEM NO.70
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 4 + 4. When
y is divided by (𝑥 − 𝑘), the
remainder is 𝑘. Find k.

PROBLEM NO.71
An observer wishes to determine the
height of a tower. He takes sight at
the top of the tower from A and B,
which are 50 ft apart at the same
elevation on a direct line with the
tower. The vertical angle at point A is
30° and at point B is 40°. What is the
height of the tower?
Problem No. 72
How many degrees is 4800
mils?

Problem No. 73
If sin 𝑨 = 𝒙, what is sec 𝑨?

Problem No. 74
If the sine of
angle A is given
as K, what is the
tangent of angle
A in terms of h
and k?
Problem No. 75
What are the signs of the
natural functions for
angles between 90° and
180°?

Problem No. 76
What is the inverse natural
function of the cosecant?

Problem No. 77
squares of the sine and
cosine of an angle?

Problem No. 78
What is an equivalent
expression for sin 𝟐𝒙?

Problem No. 79
The Taylor series
expansion for cos x
contains what powers of
x?

Problem No. 80
A transit set up 40 m from the base
of a vertical chimney reads 32.5°
with the crosshairs set on the top of
the chimney. With the telescope
level, the vertical rod at the base of
the chimney is 2.1 m. Approximately
how tall is the chimney?
Problem No. 81
𝟐
If sec 𝑨 is 5/2, the quantity
𝟐
𝟏 − sin 𝑨 is equivalent to?

Problem No. 82
cos 𝑨𝟒 – sin 𝑨 𝟒 is equal to
____.

Problem No. 83
Solve for A in the following
equation: sin 𝟐𝑨 = cos 𝑨

Hmmmm.

How do you find the problem set this week?
Follow the format: <Full Name> <Space> <MECC 401>
<Space> <Answer>
Send to 09397275536

Problem No. 84
If cos 𝟔𝟓° + cos 𝟓𝟓° = cos 𝑨,
find A in radians.

Problem No. 85
𝟏
If sec 𝟐𝑨 = determine ,
sin 𝟏𝟑𝑨
the angle A in degrees.

Problem No. 86
Find the value of y given
𝒚 = (𝟏 + cos 𝟐𝑨) tan 𝑨.

Problem No. 87
A man find the angle of elevation
of the tope of a tower to be 30
degrees. He walks 85 nearer the
tower and find its angle of
elevation to be 60 degrees. What
is the height of the tower?
Problem No. 88
Two triangles have equal bases.
The altitude of one triangle is 3
units more than its base and the
altitude of the other triangles is 3
units less than its base. Find the
altitudes, if the areas of the
triangles differ by 21 square units.
Problem No. 89
The two legs of a triangle
are 300 and 150 m each,
respectively. The angle
opposite the 150 m side is
26 degrees. What is the
third side?
Problem No. 90
The sides of a triangle
are 195, 157 and 210
respectively. What is
the area of the
triangle?

MECC481 Week1 Algebra Trigonometry

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MECC481 Week1 Algebra Trigonometry

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Algebra & Trigonometry

MECC 481 Module 1

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1 - CITU

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𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 + 𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 14

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝟒𝟗. 𝟔𝒗𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝒗𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟒𝒗𝟐𝟐 → 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟏

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

Substitute equation 2 to equation 1

𝟒𝟗. 𝟔(𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟓𝒗𝟐 ) = 𝟏𝟒(𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟓𝒗𝟐 ) − 𝟏𝟒𝒗𝟐𝟐

𝒗𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 𝒎𝒑𝒉 −> 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚

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𝑡𝐴 is the time where 1,2,3, work together

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For every x travel of minute hand:

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Lower given time is 4,

To convert this to the required time after 4 o’clock, we have

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Lower given time is 10,

To convert this to the required time after 10 o’clock, we have

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By inspection, the angle between the hands of the clock is 90 degrees

Angle = 90 degrees – 15 degrees = 75 degrees

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This is to check whether you are studying this material.