INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
Supervision Division – for national and
MANAGEMENT
Security is defined as the means (method) of
defense against crime or a state of being secured or
free from hazard. As defined by RA 5487, it is the
protection against any type of crime to safeguard life
and assets by various method and device.
Purpose of Security – is to protect the
establishment from any form of losses as a result of
theft, robbery, pilferage, sabotage, espionage,
accident, fire and subversive activities.
Historical Background and Legal Basis of
Industrial Security in the Philippines
Before, there is no law that controls security agencies,
what they need is only a permit from the city or
municipal mayor to hire a security guard, until RA
5487 was created.
R.A. 5487 – is an act that regulates or governs the
organization and operation of the private detective,
watchmen or security guard agencies. It is also known
as Private Security Agency Law.
PADPAO – stands for the Philippine Association of
Detective and Protective Agency Operators. It is a
non-stock private organization, and it was formed in
May 1958.
PCSUSIA – Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Unit
for Security and Investigation Agencies – was formed
as a result of the approval of R.A. 5487, which directs
the Chief PC to issue rules and regulations
concerning the implementation of R.A. 5487
- Later was change to PNPSOSIA- when the
Philippine Constabulary was dissolved and the
personnel were merged to the PNP.
PNPSOSIA – PNP Supervisory Office for Security
and Investigation Agencies – before it is responsible
for the issuance of implementing orders regarding the
rules and regulations affecting security agencies
operation.
At present
PNPSAG/SD – PNP Security Agency Guards/
PNP FE/SAGS – PNP Firearm and Explosives/
Security Agency Guard Services – for local
 it directs the Chief of PNP to issue rules and
regulations concerning the implementing rules
of R.A. 5487.
 Date of effectivity – Oct. 3, 1972 and Jan. 17,
1975 and amended by P. D. # 11 and 11A
 And again amended in 2003 with Title 2003
Revised Rules and Regulations Implementing
R.A. 5487 as amended.
3 ASPECTS OF SECURITY
1. PHYSICAL SECURITY
It is the sum total of all physical safeguards
employed or installed to secure the assets
Ex. Safeguard employed – human guard
Safeguard installed – perimeter
fence/barriers and security devices
2. DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION
SECURITY
It is the sum totals of all policies, regulations,
doctrines, practices, enforce to safeguard
the contents of any classified information or
document from compromise or loss.
3. PERSONNEL SECURITY
It is the sum of the total procedures
followed, inquiries conducted and criteria
applied, to determine the work suitably of a
particular, an applicant or the retention or
transfer or particular employee.
THREE LINES OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE
 FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
Ex. like Perimeter fences/barriers or guard at the
gate
 SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE
Ex. like the doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs
and grills and other entries to a building.
 THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE
Ex. the storage system like steel cabinets,
locks, safes, vaults, and interior file rooms.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SECURITY
 1. Physical Security – is a system of barriers
placed between the potential intruder and the matter
to be protected. It is concerned with the physical
measures adopted to prevent unauthorized access
to equipment, facilities, material, and documents,
and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage,
damage and theft.
2. Communication Security – is the protection
resulting from the application of various measures
which prevents or delay the enemy or unauthorized
person in giving information through the
communication system.
3. Hotel Security – is the protection resulting from
the application of various measures which
safeguards hotel guests and personnel, hotel
property, and functions in hotel restaurants, bars and
clubs.
4. Bank Security – is the protection resulting from
the application of various measures which
safeguards cash and assets which are in storage in
transit and during transactions.
5. Document Security – is physical security that
involves the protection of documents and classified
papers from loss, access to unauthorized person,
damage, theft and compromised through disclosure.
6. Personal and VIP Security – involve in the
protection of top ranking official the government,
visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign
dignitaries.
7. Crisis Security- is the protection of the rich
person, industrial magnates, and political leaders
against kidnapping for economic, political, emotional
or nationalistic purposes.
8. Industrial Security- various measures to
safeguard factories, manufacturing establishment, etc.
9. Operational Security- is physical which deals
with the protection of processes, formulas, patents
and other activities.
10. Other special type of security- these type of
security are adaptations, variations, innovations and
modifications of physical security which are follows,
to wit:
 Air cargo security
 Supermarket
 School Security
 Personnel security- involves the
background check of persons
Physical measures are used to protect and monitor
property rights and objects; they consist of barriers
and devices that are able to detect, impede and
deter potential security threats. These physical
measures are Protective Barrier & Protective Alarm
A. PROTECTIVE BARRIER
BARRIER - is any structure or physical device
capable of restricting, deterring, delaying illegal,
access to installation
Perimeter Barrier - is a system of protection
designed to restricted areas by unauthorized
person. It is the first line of security or defense by
establishing structural barriers fence, to protect the
entire establishment.
PURPOSE OF POSITIVE BARRIER
1. Controlling vehicular and pedestrian
traffic flow
2. Checking identification of personnel
entering or departing
3. Defining the buzzer zone for more highly
classified areas
Types of Perimeter Barriers
1. Wire fences - solid and full view (chain link,
barbed wire, concertina wire, barbed tape)
Chain link- for permanent structure
Barbed wire- for semi-permanent structure
Concertina- used as temporary road block or
impediment during strikes and crowd control
2. Building walls
3. Bodies of water
Inside and Outside Perimeter
Inside Perimeter – a line protection adjacent to
protected area and passing through points of
possible entry into the area such as doors,
windows, skylights, tunnels, or other points of
access.
Outside Perimeter- a line of protection surrounding
but somewhat removed from a protected area, such
as a fence.
Perimeter Barrier Openings
1. Gates and Doors
2. Sidewalk elevator
3. Utilities openings
4. Clear zone- the exterior and interior parallel area
near perimeter barriers of an industrial
compound to afford better observation and
patrol movements
Other openings
A. Sewer - a system of pipes used to transport
human waste.
B. Air and water intake
C. Exhaust tunnels
D. Electrical and common tunnels
TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS
H - human – security guard
A - animals – dogs, geese, etc.
N - natural- geographical feature like mountain,
forest, water or cliffs, or any other
terrain that is difficult to
overcome
E - energy- electronic device (alarm system)
S - structural- man made obstacles (fences,
walls, grilles, doors, roadblock or screens
The purpose of protective barrier in safeguarding the
areas, building and the proper utilization of lighting at
night has contributed to modern man’s attempt to
discourage intruder, pilferer, and other entrants devious
intent,
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE BARRIERS
1. TOP GUARD –is an additional overhang of
barbed wire placed on vertical perimeter fences
facing upward and outward w/ a 45 degree
angle with 3 to 4 strands barbed wires
2. GUARD CONTROL STATIONS – this is
normally provided at main perimeter entrance to
secure areas located out of doors, and manned
by guard on a full-time basis.
3. TOWERS – guard tower are house like
structures above the perimeter barriers.
4. BARRIER MAINTENANCE- fencing barrier and
protective walls should be regularly inspected by
security.
5. PROTECTION IN DEPTH – when fencing or
walling is impracticable and expensive, warning
signs should conspicuously placed.
6. SIGNS AND NOTICES – control signs should
be erected where necessary in the management
of unauthorized ingress and preclude accidental
entry. Should be visible and legible.
B. PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Protective Alarm System- provide an electrical and
mechanical means of detecting and announcing
proximity of intrusion which endanger the security of a
restricted area, a facility of an installation, or its
components.
Security Communication System – facilities provided for
signaling, alerting or alarming workers at any location
throughout the installation as occasion demands. These
include the use of telephone and radio.
TYPES OF ALARM SYSTEM
1. Metallic foil of wire- using electrically charge
strips of tinfoil or wire placed in window and
glass surfaces.
2. Photo electric or electric eye device – light
beam is connected by a wire to a control
station and it activates the alarm when
intruder crosses the beam.
3. Audio Detection Device – supersensitive
microphone speaker sensor are installed in
walls, ceilings, and floors of the protected area
of any sound caused by, attempted force
entry is detected by the sensor.
4. Vibration Detection Device – any attempted
force entry is detected by vibration-sensitive
sensor attached to walls, ceilings, or floors of
the protected areas.
5. Microwave Motion Detective Device- radio
waves that is transmitted and reflected back
into an antenna, and if they strike a moving
object it initiates alarm signal.
6. Ultrasonic Motion Detection Device - it
consist of transceiver, amplifier and control
unit, if any motion w/in protected area cause an
activation of alarm signal.
OTHER TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM (BANK
ALARMS)
1. Foot Rail Activator – is place on the floor in
such a position that tellers may activate the
alarm by placing the front to engage the
activation bar.
2. Bill Traps – or currency activation devices are
usually place in the teller’s top cash drawer and
connected to the alarm system using a wire
connector.
 3. Knee or thigh buttons – are installed inside the
desk or teller station so they can be activated
knee or thigh pressure.
4. Foot Button – like the foot rails it permits alarm
activation in relatively safety while both hands
remain clear in view of the robbers.
5. Double squeeze button- required pressure on
both side of the device and therefore the
probability of accidental alarm is reduced.
B. PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
It is used to increase the effectiveness of the guard
by increasing the guard’s visual range during the
hours of darkness or in location where natural
lighting does not reach or is insufficient to
provide the desired visibility.
Different factors that to be considered in
protective lighting
 Size, shape and location
 Kind of product-variable, critical or
plenty of loses
 Protective advantage
 Management policy-for security
consciousness
PURPOSE OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
1. Provides sufficient illumination
2. Lighting can help improve visibility so that
intruder can be seen and identified and if
possible, apprehended.
3. Lighting gives psychological fear that serve as a
deterrent to thieves, pilferer, trespassers and
saboteurs.
Types of lighting system:
1. Continuous- non-stop
2. Stand by- operated manual by security guard or
operated by an alarm system
3. Movable- search light
4. Emergency- use in case of emergency
Types of lighting equipment:
1. Floodlights – for illuminating boundaries,
building or fences.
2. Searchlights- are incandescent lamps used
to pinpoint potential trouble spots.
3. Fresnel lights – are wide beam units,
primary used to extend the illumination in
long, horizontal strips to protect the
approaches to the perimeter barrier.
4. Street lights – are widely used in parking
areas
Areas to be lighted:
1. Vehicular gate
2. Pedestrian gate
3. Thoroughfare- a road or path forming a
route between two places
4. Parking area
5. Sensitive areas- storage depots, power and
light distribution systems
C. PROTECTIVE LOCKS AND KEYS
What is lock? – It is a mechanical, electrical,
hydraulic, or electronic device designed to prevent the
removal of items without the consent of the owner.
KINDS OF LOCK
1. Warded lock- old type where the key is open
and be seen through
2. Disc tumbler lock- used in car doors, desk,
drawers, etc.
3. Padlock- a pad and a lock combination.
4. Lever lock- used in locker and safe deposit
boxes.
5. Pin tumbler lock –widely used in doors of
offices and houses irregular in shape and the
key.
6. Combination lock- has 3 deals which must be
aligned in proper order before the lock will be
open.
7. Code-operated lock- this opens by pressing a
series of numbers buttons in proper sequence.
8. Electromagnetic Locks – are devices holding
a door closed by magnetism.
THE PURPOSE OF KEY CONTROL
• To control the issue, use and storage of keys
and reserve key locks.
• To control reproduction of duplicate keys.
• To control locks rotation and or replacement.
• To maintain record on all of the above.
• To ensures proper supervisions of key control
measures by responsible person
 Methods used by the Agents of Espionage

D. PROTECTIVE CABINET  Stealing or buying information from the

employees.
Types of Security Cabinet  By using various forms of threats or extorting
information’s.
1. SAFE – a metallic container used for the
safekeeping of documents or small items in an  By means of blackmail.
office or installation.  Obtaining or gaining information from social
gathering.
2. VAULT – it is a heavily constructed and burglar
container usually a part of a building structure used  By the use of fake organization as a front.
to keep and protect cash, documents and  Stealing records or documents.
negotiable instruments.
 By means of subversive activities.
3. FILE ROOM - a cubicle in a building constructed
a little lighter than a vault but of bigger size to Subversive activities- are dealing with the
accommodate limited people to work on the records weakness of a person.
inside. Parts of Subversive activities:
………………………………………………………  Rumor mongering
…………………………………….........................
 Propaganda
SECURITY HAZARDS  Legal Action

Security Hazard- is any act or condition, which
may result in the compromise of information, loss of
life, loss or destruction of property, or disruption of
the objectives of the installations.
Types of security hazards
 Natural Hazards- types of hazard, which the
mere cause is the natural phenomenon.
 Arm threats – used of force
 Murder, Kidnapping, corruption of a certain
employee or employees
Sabotage – is an act of destroying, damaging or
any evil motives that will lead to stoppage of the
normal operation of the company, factory, plant and
or establishment. It comes from French word
Sabot– that means Wooden Slipper.

Ex. Storm, earthquake, typhoons, floods, Saboteur – is the agent of sabotage.

fire, lightning etc.
3 types of Saboteur
 Human/Manmade Hazards - These are
actually the act of omission or commission  Enemy agent
both overt/covert by an individual or by  Traitorous person
group of an individual.  Irresponsible person
Types of Sabotage
Ex. Espionage and sabotage-because of
the state of mind of an individual  Mechanical Sabotage - is an act wherein
they used the object or substance within the
Espionage- an act of gathering information. From area of an establishment.
the French word- “ESPION” that means spy.
 Economic sabotage - activities of the
Spy – is the agent of Espionage. They are very business establishment against the
dangerous because of their skill in deception and government
undercover works.
Types of mechanical sabotage
  Contamination – is a type where they used  Fraud- losing- by burning the property they
foreign materials to apply in the can recover from losing.
establishment.  Revenge/Spite
 Breakage – destroying the vital parts of a  Pyromaniac- a person who is fond of
machine. looking fire
 Substitution – Substitution or changing of
formula to another, which will cause Fire is classified according to their classes:
damage or destructions.
 Omission – this is committed by means of 1. Class A Fire - are those disposed by ordinary
a doing by an individual, which can cause combustible material (ex. Wood, paper, plastic)
destruction inside of the company or - Fire extinguisher used is water.
establishment.
2. Class B Fire - is disposed or composed of petroleum
 Abrasive – a special type of contamination, product. (Flammable or combustible liquids, ex.
by using a type of material that will grind gasoline)
metals. - CO2 fire extinguisher is used w/c it
 Explosives – substances that are easily serves as blanket to burning material.
exploded by means of heat, friction, jarring 3. Class C Fire - is disposed or composed of electrical
or sparks. They are highly dangerous energy or from electricity related fire (ex. Electrical
because of its damaging effect. appliances)
-Fire extinguisher used is dry chemicals
and carbon dioxide
4. Class D Fire – composed or disposed by combustible
metals (ex. magnesium, potassium, titanium,
TYPES OF EXPLOSIVES (as to sensitivity) and zirconium)
-Fire extinguisher used is Dry powder
 Low Intensity Explosives – It is very and dry sand.
sensitive to heat. It can be exploded by
means of fire, friction or spark. Examples
RIOT - refers to the unlawful assembly that resulted
are black powder and smokeless powder
to violent disturbance of peace.
 High Intensity Explosives – is detonated by
Causes of riot:
means of shock, jarring or shake.  Panic
 Strike
TYPES OF HIGH INTENSITY EXPLOSIVES  Mob- a promiscuous multitude of
people, rude and disorderly.
Molotov bomb – also known as Poor man’s bomb
or Petrol bomb Types of mobs:
Dynamite - usually used in illegal fishing and 1. Aggressive mob
mining 2. Escape mob
Trinotroulene - popular in the military 3. Acquisitive mob
4. Expressive mob

“Fire can be a natural or a man-made hazard.” PILFERAGE- means Petty theft. It is one of the
most annoying and common human hazard.
Causes of fire:
TYPES OF PILFERAGE:
 Flame a) Casual pilferage- one who steal due to
 Gas or Electricity inability to resist the unexpected opportunity
 Chemicals or has little fear that there is detection
 Heat of the sun b) for souvenir
 Spark c) for economic gain
d) Systematic pilferage – one who steal with
Arson – is the malicious burning of one’s property. preconceived plan and take away things for
all types of goods, supplies or merchandise.
Some Objectives of Arson are:
 Methods used in Systematic SECURITY PERSONNEL
Pilferage:
 Classic method TYPES OF GUARD FORCES/SECURITY GUARD
 Uses fake documents
 Removal of items ◦ Company guard- proprietary or in house
security, and they are directly under
 Disposal of the same
the payroll of the company
SHOPLIFTING- is a popular term used for theft of ◦ Security Agency guard- they are hired by
goods from a retail establishment. Shoplifting is an agency, and they are paid by
typically undertaken by amateurs, and involves contract
concealing an item and leaving the store without
QUALIFICATIONS FOR: ◦ Government Guard Forces- they are
SECURITY SECURITY SECURITY considered as government
PERSONNEL GUARD OFFICER employees and paid by the
government
- must a Filipino -must be a -must be a Security Guard Forces- maybe define as a group
citizen Filipino citizen Filipino citizen
- not less 18 years -at least High - holder of a of forces of men selected, trained and organized
of age School Baccalaureate into a functional group for the purpose of protecting
- must have taken a graduate Degree operational processes from those disruptions which
private security - must be - Physically and
impede efficiency or halt operations at a particular
course/seminar/ mentally mentally fit
and must have sound and - has graduated plant, facility, institution or special activity.
adequate training physically from a security
or experience in fit officer training The Essential Qualities of Security Guards:
security business or - must be not course
rendering less than ◦ Alertness
security/detective 18 years of ◦ Judgment
services age nor
- of good moral more than ◦ Confidence
character and must 50 y.o. ◦ Physical Fitness
not have been ◦ Self-control
convicted of any
crime
- must be physically
and mentally fit Different entries that are need to be controlled
paying for it. by the Security Guards

THEFT- is committed by any person who with intent
to gain but without violence against or intimidation of
neither persons nor force upon things shall take
personal property of another without the latter’s
consent.
Simple theft- without violation of trust and confidence
Qualified Theft – taking the property of another with
violation of trust and confidence;
Example: maid, houseboy, salesgirl, or
employees or any person that the victim has trusted.
KLEPTOMANIAC – The person who is fond of getting
the property of other people. There is satisfaction
on the part of the person committing a crime
◦ Restricted area- is an area access to which is
subject to special restriction to the flow of
pedestrian or vehicular traffic to safeguard
property or material.
◦ Limited area- a restricted area containing a
security interest or other matter in which
uncontrolled movement will permit access to
such security interest or matter; but within
which and controlled.
◦ Exclusive area- a restricted area containing a
security interest or matter, which is of such
nature or of such vital importance that access
to the area of proximity resulting from access
to the area, constitutes access to the security
interest or matter.

SECURITY PLANNING
Security Planning- is a corporate and executive
responsibility. It is a decision-making process that
involves knowing the objectives of security and the
means and methods to reach those objectives or
goals must then be evolved.
CONTENTS OF SECURITY PLANNING
 The situation- this part of security planning
explains the historical background of the
organization of its security picture
 The mission (Purpose, Goals, Objectives) -
this part of security will cover what the plan is
all about and what it intends to do, This
mission is further subdivided into:
 Execution- this part of security plan will
explains and outline the concept of the
security project
 Administrative and Logistics- This part of the
security plan involves listing of security
equipment
 Command and signal- this last portion of the
security plan pertains to the channel of
communication needed, when implementing
to the project until in full view.
SECURITY SURVEY
Security Survey- is the process of conducting an
exhaustive physical examination and thorough
inspection of all operational systems and
procedures of a facility. It is also known as risk
analysis or risk assessment.
Purposes of Security Survey
 To determine existing state of
security
 To locate weaknesses in defenses
 To determine degree of protection
required.
 To produce recommendations,
establishing a total security program
Persons responsible to conduct security survey
 Staff security personnel
 Qualified security specialist
KEY STEP IN A RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
 To determine value, impact and cost of any
asset should it be lost due to natural or
man-made forces.
 To determine the degree of probability that
natural or man-made forces will strike at any
given facility.
INFORMATION NECESSARY IN CONDUCTING A
SURVEY
 A plot plan of the area to be surveyed
 A map of the city or locality in which the facility is
located, this becomes very important if the
facility consist of more than one location.
 The number of employees working on each shift
by category
 The operational flow plans of the facility if they
are available in writing
 Maps and description of guard tours and
stations if available
 Guard orders and the facility’s security manuals
if there are such
 Locations of the nearest fire department and
police headquarters
SECURITY INSPECTION- is a process of
conducting physical examination to determine
compliance with established security policies and
procedures as a result of a security survey.
SURVEY REPORTS – itemizes the condition which
are conducive to breaches of security, records the
preventive measures currently in effect and when
required--- makes specific practical and reasonable
recommendations to bring the physical security to
the desired standard.
THE FOLLOWING AREAS NEEDS TO BE
INSPECTED, TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF
PROTECTION TO BE APPLIED IN THE
ESTABLISHMENT
 Perimeter
 Building Security
 Key Control
 Protective lighting
 Communication and alarm system
 Personnel identification and control
 Vehicular identification and control
 Safety for personnel
 Adequacy of existing guard forces
Control of authorized entry
• Screening of personnel
 • Identification of personnel duty to carry out
• Identification of visitors their assigned
duties.
• Control of truck/vehicle
• Control of packages
• Container control Advantages of a company Disadvantages of
Guard Forces Company Guard
Forces
 Generally higher
caliber as they can  It costs more
COMPARISON BETWEEN SECURITY SURVEY AND receive higher  Maybe required to
SECURITY INSPECTION wage join guard force
 Generally they Problem of
Security Survey Security Inspection provide better ensuring
 Defensive type services availability of
process/service  Defensive type  Can be trained to back-up person
 Detailed study of service handle of the more
the existing security  Limited check of complex security
measures the security duties
 Conducted to measures already  Less turn-over
determine the level adopted  Are more familiar
of security required  Conducted to with facilities they
consistent with the determine the protect
mission degree of  Tend to be more
 Broader in scope compliance with loyal to the
 Non-recurring type directed security company
of service measures
 Limited in scope
 Recurring type of
service

Advantages of an Agency Disadvantages of

Guard Services Agency Guard
Services
 More economical
 Security  Lack of training marymelmargimolatanteves
administrative  Low caliber
problems are employees
reduced  No company
 Problems related to loyalty
recruiting, pre-  Project poor
employment image
investigation and  Large turn-over
training are  Not familiar with
eliminated plans
 Absenteeism and
vacation leaves are
eliminated
 Security personnel
are separated from
co-employees
 Incase of
emergencies, extra
guards are easily
available
 In case of company
strike, the agency
guards will be on