Matthews 1

MA 385
Assignment 9
Caden Matthews
Set 7
Part D
11.
{1} 1. 𝑃𝑎 ∧ 𝑆𝑎 P

{2} 2. 𝑄𝑓(𝑎) ∧ 𝑅𝑎𝑓(𝑎) P

{3} 3. (∀𝑥)[𝑆𝑥 → (∀𝑦)(𝑃𝑥 ∧ 𝑄𝑦 → ¬𝑅𝑥𝑦)] P

{3} 4. 𝑆𝑎 → (∀𝑦)(𝑃𝑎 ∧ 𝑄𝑦 → ¬𝑅𝑎𝑦) 3US [a|x]

{1} 5. 𝑆𝑎 1T #4

{1,3} 6. (∀𝑦)(𝑃𝑎 ∧ 𝑄𝑦 → ¬𝑅𝑎𝑦) 4,5T #1

{1,3} 7. 𝑃𝑎 ∧ 𝑄𝑓(𝑎) → ¬𝑅𝑎𝑓(𝑎) 6US [f(a)|y]

{1} 8. 𝑃𝑎 1T #4

{2} 9. 𝑄𝑓(𝑎) 2T #4

{1,2,3} 10. ¬𝑅𝑎𝑓(𝑎) 7,8,9T #1

{2} 11. 𝑅𝑎𝑓(𝑎) 2T #4

{1,2,3} 12. 𝑅𝑎𝑓(𝑎) ∧ ¬𝑅𝑎𝑓(𝑎) 10,11T Adj.

 Matthews 2

Set 8
Part A
3.
{1} 1. (∀𝑥)(𝐴𝑥 → 𝐶𝑥) P

{2} 2. (∀𝑥)(𝐵𝑥 → 𝐷𝑥) P

{3} 3. (∃𝑥)(𝐴𝑥 ∧ 𝐵𝑥) P

{4} 4. 𝐴𝑦 ∧ 𝐵𝑦 𝑦 P (For EP)

{1} 5. 𝐴𝑦 → 𝐶𝑦 1US [y|x]

{1,4} 6. 𝐶𝑦 𝑦 4,5T #1

{2} 7. 𝐵𝑦 → 𝐷𝑦 2US [y|x]

{2,4} 8. 𝐷𝑦 𝑦 4,7T #1

{1,2,4} 9. 𝐶𝑦 ∧ 𝐷𝑦 𝑦 6,8T Adj,

{1,2,4} 10. (∃𝑥)(𝐶𝑥 ∧ 𝐷𝑥) 9EG [y|x]

{1,2,3} 11. (∃𝑥)(𝐶𝑥 ∧ 𝐷𝑥) 3,4,10EP [y|x]

 Matthews 3

17.
{1} 1. (∀𝑥)(𝑃𝑥 → (∃𝑦)𝑄𝑥𝑦) P

{2} 2. (∃𝑥)[𝑃𝑥 ∧ (∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑥𝑦 → 𝑅𝑥𝑦)] P

{3} 3. 𝑃𝑧 ∧ (∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑧𝑦 → 𝑅𝑧𝑦) 𝑧 P (For EP)

{3} 4. 𝑃𝑧 𝑧 3T #4

{1} 5. 𝑃𝑧 → (∃𝑦)𝑄𝑧𝑦 1US [z|x]

{1,3} 6. (∃𝑦)𝑄𝑧𝑦 𝑧 4,5T #1

{4} 7. 𝑄𝑧𝑤 𝑧, 𝑤 P (For EP)

{3} 8. (∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑧𝑦 → 𝑅𝑧𝑦) 𝑧 3T #4

{3} 9. 𝑄𝑧𝑤 → 𝑅𝑧𝑤 𝑧 8US [w|y]

{3,4} 10. 𝑅𝑧𝑤 𝑧, 𝑤 7,9T #1

{3,4} 11. (∃𝑦)𝑅𝑧𝑦 𝑧 10EG [w|y]

{3,4} 12. (∃𝑥)(∃𝑦)𝑅𝑥𝑦 11EG [z|x]

{1,3} 13. (∃𝑥)(∃𝑦)𝑅𝑥𝑦 6,7,12EP [w|y]

{1,2} 14. (∃𝑥)(∃𝑦)𝑅𝑥𝑦 2,3,13EP [z|x]

 Matthews 4

22.
{1} 1. (∀𝑥)(𝑃𝑥 → 𝑄𝑥) P

{2} 2. (∀𝑥)(∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑥 ∨ 𝑇𝑥𝑦 → 𝑃𝑦) P

{3} 3. (∀𝑥)[𝑅𝑥 → (∀𝑦)(𝑃𝑦 → (∃𝑧)(𝑄𝑧 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧))] P

{4} 4. 𝑅𝑥 ∧ 𝑇𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 P (For CP)

{2} 5. (∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑥 ∨ 𝑇𝑥𝑦 → 𝑃𝑦) 2US [x|x]

{2} 6. 𝑄𝑥 ∨ 𝑇𝑥𝑦 → 𝑃𝑦 5US [y|y]

{4} 7. 𝑇𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 4T #4

{2,4} 8. 𝑃𝑦 𝑦 6,7T #1

{3} 9. 𝑅𝑥 → (∀𝑦)(𝑃𝑦 → (∃𝑧)(𝑄𝑧 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧)) 3US [x|x]

{4} 10. 𝑅𝑥 𝑥 4T #4

{3,4} 11. (∀𝑦)(𝑃𝑦 → (∃𝑧)(𝑄𝑧 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧)) 𝑥 9,10T #1

{3,4} 12. 𝑃𝑦 → (∃𝑧)(𝑄𝑧 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝑥𝑦 11US [y|y]

{2,3,4} 13. (∃𝑧)(𝑄𝑧 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝑥𝑦 8,12T #1

{5} 14. 𝑄𝑣 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑣 𝑥𝑦𝑣 P (For EP)

{5} 15. 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑣 𝑥𝑦𝑣 14T #4

{2,4,5} 16. 𝑃𝑦 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑣 𝑥𝑦𝑣 8,15T Adj.

{2,4,5} 17. (∃𝑧)(𝑃𝑦 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝑥𝑦 16EG [v|z]

{2,3,4} 18. (∃𝑧)(𝑃𝑦 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧) 𝑥𝑦 13,14,17EP [v|z]

{2,3} 19. 𝑅𝑥 ∧ 𝑇𝑥𝑦 → (∃𝑧)(𝑃𝑦 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧) 4,18CP

{2,3} 20. (∀𝑦)(𝑅𝑥 ∧ 𝑇𝑥𝑦 → (∃𝑧)(𝑃𝑦 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧)) 19UG

{2,3} 21. (∀𝑥)(∀𝑦)(𝑅𝑥 ∧ 𝑇𝑥𝑦 → (∃𝑧)(𝑃𝑦 ∧ 𝑆𝑥𝑦𝑧)) 20UG

 Matthews 5

Part D
6.
{1} 1. (∃𝑥)𝐴𝑥 P

{2} 2. (∀𝑥)(𝐴𝑥 → ¬𝐵𝑥𝑎) P

{3} 3. 𝐶𝑎 P

{4} 4. (∀𝑥)[𝐴𝑥 → (∀𝑦)(𝐶𝑦 ∧ 𝐷𝑦 → 𝐵𝑥𝑦)] P

{5} 5. 𝐷𝑎 P (For IP)

{6} 6. 𝐴𝑧 𝑧 P (For EP)

{4} 7. 𝐴𝑧 → (∀𝑦)(𝐶𝑦 ∧ 𝐷𝑦 → 𝐵𝑧𝑦) 4US [z|x]

{4,6} 8. (∀𝑦)(𝐶𝑦 ∧ 𝐷𝑦 → 𝐵𝑧𝑦) 𝑧 6,7T #1

{4,6} 9. 𝐶𝑎 ∧ 𝐷𝑎 → 𝐵𝑧𝑎 𝑧 8US [a|y]

{3,4,5,6} 10. 𝐵𝑧𝑎 𝑧 3,5,9T #1

{2} 11. 𝐴𝑧 → ¬𝐵𝑧𝑎 2US [z|x]

{2,3,4,5,6} 12. 𝐵𝑧𝑎 ∧ ¬𝐵𝑧𝑎 𝑧 6,10,11T #1

{2,3,4,5,6} 13. 𝑃 ∧ ¬𝑃 12T

{1,2,3,4,5} 14. 𝑃 ∧ ¬𝑃 1,6,13EP [z|x]

{1,2,3,4} 15. ¬𝐷𝑎 5,14IP

 Matthews 6

7.
{1} 1. (∀𝑥)[𝑃𝑥 → (∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑦 → ¬𝑅𝑥𝑦)] P

{2} 2. (∀𝑥)[𝑃𝑥 → (∀𝑦)(𝑆𝑦 → 𝑅𝑥𝑦)] P

{3} 3. (∃𝑥)(𝑃𝑥 ∧ 𝑄𝑥) P (For CP)

{4} 4. 𝑃𝑧 ∧ 𝑄𝑧 𝑧 P (For EP)

{1} 5. 𝑃𝑧 → (∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑦 → ¬𝑅𝑧𝑦) 1US [z|x]

{1,4} 6. (∀𝑦)(𝑄𝑦 → ¬𝑅𝑧𝑦) 𝑧 4,5T #1

{1,4} 7. 𝑄𝑧 → ¬𝑅𝑧𝑧 𝑧 6US [z|y]

{1,4} 8. ¬𝑅𝑧𝑧 𝑧 4,7T #1

{2} 9. 𝑃𝑧 → (∀𝑦)(𝑆𝑦 → 𝑅𝑧𝑦) 2US [z|x]

{2,4} 10. (∀𝑦)(𝑆𝑦 → 𝑅𝑧𝑦) 𝑧 4,9T #1

{2,4} 11. 𝑆𝑧 → 𝑅𝑧𝑧 𝑧 10US [z|y]

{1,2,4} 12. ¬𝑆𝑧 𝑧 8,11T #2

{1,2,4} 13. (∃𝑦)¬𝑆𝑦 12EG [z|y]

{1,2,3} 14. (∃𝑦)¬𝑆𝑦 3,4,13EP [z|x]

{1,2} 15. (∃𝑥)(𝑃𝑥 ∧ 𝑄𝑥) → (∃𝑦)¬𝑆𝑦 3,14CP

Part E
8.
Lines 3, 5, 6, 7, 8: Flag z
Line 9: You may not use rule UG if the variable is flagged (which z is in line 8)

13.
Line 3, 4: Flag y
Line 6: Incorrect usage of US, every instance of x must be replaced by y
 Matthews 7

Set 9
Part A
5.
{1} 1. (∀𝑥)(𝑆𝑥 → ¬𝑊𝑥𝑐) P

{2} 2. 𝑆𝑛 P

{1} 3. 𝑆𝑛 → ¬𝑊𝑛𝑐 1US [n|x]

{1,2} 4. ¬𝑊𝑛𝑐 2,3T #1

{1,2} 5. 𝑆𝑛 ∧ ¬𝑊𝑛𝑐 2,4T Adj.

{1,2} 6. (∃𝑥)(𝑆𝑥 ∧ ¬𝑊𝑥𝑐) 5EG [n|x]

6.
S=<U, N>=<{m,o,c,n}, {(m,o), (o,c), (c,n)}>
𝑁𝑚𝑜 ∧ 𝑁𝑜𝑐 ∧ 𝑁𝑐𝑛 → 𝑁𝑚𝑛
Invalid
 Matthews 8

Part B
2.
{1} 1. (∀𝑥)(𝑃𝑥 → ¬𝑄𝑥) P

{2} 2. (∀𝑥)(𝑄𝑥 ∨ ¬𝑅𝑥) P

{3} 3. (∃𝑥)¬𝑄𝑥 ∨ (∃𝑥)𝑄𝑥 P

{4} 4. 𝑃𝑥 ∧ 𝑅𝑥 𝑥 P (For IP)

{1} 5. 𝑃𝑥 → ¬𝑄𝑥 1US [x|x]

{1,4} 6. ¬𝑄𝑥 𝑥 4,5T #1

{2} 7. 𝑄𝑥 ∨ ¬𝑅𝑥 2US [x|x]

{2,4} 8. 𝑄𝑥 𝑥 4,7T #3

{1,2,4} 9. 𝑄𝑥 ∧ ¬𝑄𝑥 𝑥 6,8T Adj.

{1,2} 10. ¬(𝑃𝑥 ∧ 𝑅𝑥) 4,9IP

{1,2} 11. ¬𝑃𝑥 ∨ ¬𝑅𝑥 10T #15

{1,2} 12. (∃𝑥)(¬𝑃𝑥 ∨ ¬𝑅𝑥) 11EG [x|x]

11.
S=<U, A, R, a, b>=<{a,b,c}, {(a,b)}, {a,c}, a, b>
 Matthews 9

Part D
2.
{1} 1. (∀𝑥)(𝐷𝑥 → ¬𝐸𝑥) P

{2} 2. (∀𝑥)(𝐹𝑥 → 𝐸𝑥 ∨ ¬𝐷𝑥) P

{3} 3. (∃𝑥)(𝐷𝑥 ∧ 𝐹𝑥) P

{4} 4. 𝐷𝑦 ∧ 𝐹𝑦 𝑦 P (For EP)

{1} 5. 𝐷𝑦 → ¬𝐸𝑦 1US [y|x]

{1,4} 6. ¬𝐸𝑦 𝑦 4,5T #1

{2} 7. 𝐹𝑦 → 𝐸𝑦 ∨ ¬𝐷𝑦 2US [y|x]

{2,4} 8. 𝐸𝑦 ∨ ¬𝐷𝑦 𝑦 4,7T #1

{2,4} 9. 𝐸𝑦 𝑦 4,8T #3

{1,2,4} 10. 𝐸𝑦 ∧ ¬𝐸𝑦 𝑦 6,9T Adj.

{1,2,4} 11. 𝑃 ∧ ¬𝑃 10T

{1,2,3} 12. 𝑃 ∧ ¬𝑃 3,4,11EP [y|x]

Inconsistent

7.
S=<U, P, Q, R>=<{a,b,c}, {a,b,c}, {a}, {b}>
Consistent